Botulinum toxin type-A (BTX-A), a subtype from known seven types of botulinum neurotoxin (serotype A-G), is produced by a gram-positive bacterium, <i>Clostridium botulinum</i>. The toxin is now widely and ...Botulinum toxin type-A (BTX-A), a subtype from known seven types of botulinum neurotoxin (serotype A-G), is produced by a gram-positive bacterium, <i>Clostridium botulinum</i>. The toxin is now widely and efficiently used in treating a plethora of diverse symptoms and conditions. Recent evidence in the literature also shows that BTX-A exhibits a wide range of effects on non-neuronal cells. Its potential has markedly expanded to clinical applications other than the treatment of neurological and muscular conditions that are characterized by neuronal hyperactivity. A number of studies have shown BTX-A to improve the quality of scar outcome and prevent the formation of keloids and HTS. Although the mechanism of action of BTX-A on wound healing is still not clearly understood, lately there has been extensive research to grasp the underlying mechanisms of this multifunctional toxin. BTX-A seems to affect wound healing by a number of mechanisms that include action on tensile forces, inhibition of fibroblasts differentiation, downregulation of TGF-<i><span style="white-space:nowrap;">β</span></i>1 and collagen expression. This review will explore the responses of Botulinum toxin type-A on wound healing and preventing pathological scars like HTS and keloids, and comprehend the overall effect BTX-A has on wound healing.展开更多
A novel intermediate fluid vaporization (IFV) technology for LNG re-gasification process with spiral-wound heat exchanging tubes is proposed. The new IFV project combines the advantage of running the shell and tube he...A novel intermediate fluid vaporization (IFV) technology for LNG re-gasification process with spiral-wound heat exchanging tubes is proposed. The new IFV project combines the advantage of running the shell and tube heat exchangers at high pressure with the advantage of compact space of heat exchangers. Thermal analysis on the two processes of forced convection and vaporization type heat transfer in the spiral wound tubes and vapor condensation /re-boiling type of heat transfer via intermediate fluid in shell side shows the feasibility of this promising technology.展开更多
AIM: To examine the contribution of toll-like receptors(TLRs) expression and activation to the prolonged inflammation often seen in human diabetic wounds.METHODS: Debridement wound tissue was collected from diabetic p...AIM: To examine the contribution of toll-like receptors(TLRs) expression and activation to the prolonged inflammation often seen in human diabetic wounds.METHODS: Debridement wound tissue was collected from diabetic patients with informed consent. Total RNA and protein were isolated and subjected to real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses. RESULTS: TLR1, 2, 4, and 6 mRNA expressions were increased significantly in wounds of diabetic patients compared with non-diabetic wounds(P < 0.05). MyD88 protein expression was significantly increased in diabetic wounds compared to non-diabetic wounds. Interleukin-1beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha concentration nuclear factor-kappa B activation, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances were increased in diabetic wounds compared to non-diabetic wounds(P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Collectively, our novel findings show that increased TLR expression, signaling, and activation may contribute to the hyper inflammation in the human diabetic wounds.展开更多
This paper in a medical sense can be described as a case report. The diabetic foot wounds of a relative, over 70 years of age, with Type I diabetes were so grievous and the medical treatment was so protracted that suc...This paper in a medical sense can be described as a case report. The diabetic foot wounds of a relative, over 70 years of age, with Type I diabetes were so grievous and the medical treatment was so protracted that success could not be assured. There was a danger of amputation. The one outstanding feature was that the private application of an antifungal spray, between the toes of both feet without prescribed oral mycologic agents, seemed to make an inexplicable difference to the final outcome. In addition, a viewpoint drawn was that the efficacy of antibiotic therapies may be compromised by the presence of invisible fungal etiology.展开更多
文摘Botulinum toxin type-A (BTX-A), a subtype from known seven types of botulinum neurotoxin (serotype A-G), is produced by a gram-positive bacterium, <i>Clostridium botulinum</i>. The toxin is now widely and efficiently used in treating a plethora of diverse symptoms and conditions. Recent evidence in the literature also shows that BTX-A exhibits a wide range of effects on non-neuronal cells. Its potential has markedly expanded to clinical applications other than the treatment of neurological and muscular conditions that are characterized by neuronal hyperactivity. A number of studies have shown BTX-A to improve the quality of scar outcome and prevent the formation of keloids and HTS. Although the mechanism of action of BTX-A on wound healing is still not clearly understood, lately there has been extensive research to grasp the underlying mechanisms of this multifunctional toxin. BTX-A seems to affect wound healing by a number of mechanisms that include action on tensile forces, inhibition of fibroblasts differentiation, downregulation of TGF-<i><span style="white-space:nowrap;">β</span></i>1 and collagen expression. This review will explore the responses of Botulinum toxin type-A on wound healing and preventing pathological scars like HTS and keloids, and comprehend the overall effect BTX-A has on wound healing.
基金supported by grants from the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(DUT12JN01)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51106017)
文摘A novel intermediate fluid vaporization (IFV) technology for LNG re-gasification process with spiral-wound heat exchanging tubes is proposed. The new IFV project combines the advantage of running the shell and tube heat exchangers at high pressure with the advantage of compact space of heat exchangers. Thermal analysis on the two processes of forced convection and vaporization type heat transfer in the spiral wound tubes and vapor condensation /re-boiling type of heat transfer via intermediate fluid in shell side shows the feasibility of this promising technology.
文摘AIM: To examine the contribution of toll-like receptors(TLRs) expression and activation to the prolonged inflammation often seen in human diabetic wounds.METHODS: Debridement wound tissue was collected from diabetic patients with informed consent. Total RNA and protein were isolated and subjected to real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses. RESULTS: TLR1, 2, 4, and 6 mRNA expressions were increased significantly in wounds of diabetic patients compared with non-diabetic wounds(P < 0.05). MyD88 protein expression was significantly increased in diabetic wounds compared to non-diabetic wounds. Interleukin-1beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha concentration nuclear factor-kappa B activation, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances were increased in diabetic wounds compared to non-diabetic wounds(P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Collectively, our novel findings show that increased TLR expression, signaling, and activation may contribute to the hyper inflammation in the human diabetic wounds.
文摘This paper in a medical sense can be described as a case report. The diabetic foot wounds of a relative, over 70 years of age, with Type I diabetes were so grievous and the medical treatment was so protracted that success could not be assured. There was a danger of amputation. The one outstanding feature was that the private application of an antifungal spray, between the toes of both feet without prescribed oral mycologic agents, seemed to make an inexplicable difference to the final outcome. In addition, a viewpoint drawn was that the efficacy of antibiotic therapies may be compromised by the presence of invisible fungal etiology.
