Abscisic acid induces differential expression of genes involved in wound-induced suberization in postharvest tomato fruit

Fruit wounding occurred at harvest and transportation requires rapid suberization as a major part of the healing process to prevent infection and desiccation. The focus of this work was to explore the mediation of abscisic acid(ABA) on woundinduced suberization and to determine expression profiles of specific genes involved in wound-induced suberization in tomato fruit. The measurements of weight loss and fruit firmness suggested wound-induced suberization started at 2 d after wounding. The suberization process with the accumulation of suberin polyphenolics(SPP) and polyaliphatics(SPA) observed through autofluorescence microscopy and Sudan IV staining was accelerated by ABA. Expressions of SlPAL5 and Sl4 CL involved in the synthesis of SPP reached the highest at 4 and 8 d after wounding following ABA application, respectively. Associated with SPA biosynthesis, SlLACS1 and SlLACS2 showed the most abundant transcripts at 8 and 6 d in ABA group, respectively. Transcript levels including SlKCSs, SlCYP86 B1, SlFAR3, and Sl GPATs were up-regulated at 2 d after wounding by ABA. Activities of polyphenol oxidase and lipoxygenase were also enhanced during wound-induced suberization following ABA application. The results in this study proved that ABA accelerated the wound-induced suberization progress by increasing the transcript levels of relevant genes in postharvest tomato fruit.

Development of cork oak (Quercus suber L.) seedlings in response to tree shelters and mulching in northwestern Tunisia

The need for reforestation in cork oak （Quercus suber L.） areas is challenged by difficulties. Principal among these is herbivory of young plants, vegetative competition, and slow growth rates of cork oak seedlings. We evaluated the early development of cork oak seedlings treated using tree shelters and mulching in northwestern Tunisia. We tested three tree shelter treatments （non-vented, vented, and control） to shield seedlings from animal damage and five mulch types to control competing vegetation （Italian Stone Pine, Lentisk, combination of Italian Stone Pine and Lentisk （organic mulches）, gravel （inorganic mulch） and no mulch）. At the end of the two-year experiment, sheltered seedlings were 89-99% taller than unshelteredseedlings and had higher numbers and lengths of shoot growth flushes. In contrast, both stem diameter growth and dry weight biomass （from samples extracted after two years） were significantly reduced inside tree shelters. Root-to-shoot ratio was not significantly different in sheltered vs. unsheltered seedlings, suggesting that tree shelters do not adversely affect this parameter. Mulching alone did not favour growth, but could be beneficial when combined with tree shelters. The combination of vented tree shelters and gravel mulch was the most effective treatment for promoting diameter, height and stem volume growth.

Effect of Amino Acids on Secondary Somatic Embryogenesis of Moroccan Cork Oak (<i>Quercus suber</i>L.) Tree

In the present study, we tested the effect of amino acids on secondary somatic embryogenesis of Moroccan cork oak (Quercus suber L.). Secondary mature and immature somatic embryos were obtained from primary somatic embryos cultured in N30K medium supplemented with nineteen amino acids. Stimulation of embryogenesis was dependent on the type and concentration of amino acid in the medium. Thus, L-glutamine and L-asparagine at 3.42 mM have been proved to be the most favorable for the formation of functional somatic embryos and the induction of secondary somatic embryos.

Evaluation of Phenotypic Diversity by Use of Variable Analysis Multi of Various Populations of Oak Cork (<i>Quercus suber</i>L.) in Tunisia

Populations of oak cork (Quercus suber L.) originated from different areas in Tunisia were analysed based on morphological characters to assess the overall degree of phenotypic variability, to detect similarities between the genotypes and to evaluate significant forest features. One-way ANOVA analysis shows a significant difference between oak cork populations and demonstrates that parameters measured on leaves show an important degree of variability and permit to discriminate oak cork individuals. Vegetative variables are leaf length, leaf width, petioles length, number of leaf veins, petioles width, spines number, leaf area, length nipples, diameter nipples, weight nipples, and height trees. Diameter trees were scored and subjected to multivariate analysis. Results showed a considerable diversity among local germoplasme of oak cork. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the characters related to the length and width of the sheets and the nipples accounted for a large proportion of the observed variability. Cluster analysis showed a typically continuous phenotypic diversity among oak cork accessions, and little asso-ciations between accessions from same geographic origin. Also, some heterogeneity within accessions that received the same denomination was evidenced. The variability observed between different populations is attached to phenotypic characters which depend primarily on two factors, gene and environment.

Macronutrients Effect on Secondary Somatic Embryogenesis of Moroccan Cork Oak (<i>Quercus suber</i>L.)

To define the preliminary embryogenesis culture conditions of Moroccan Cork Oak (Quercus suber L.) in secondary propagation systems, secondary embryos formation from primary embryos were analyzed using seven macronutrient medias: (Chalupa) (BTM), Murashige and Skoog (MS), Schenk and Hildebrant (SH), Schenk and Hildebrant with half content macronutrients (SH ?), full Gamborg (G), Margara (N30K) and Woody Plant Media(WPM). Mature primary embryos at cotyledonal stage of 8 - 10 mm, were placed in each culture medium, and supplemented with 30 g/l of glucose and 7 g/l of agar without PGR. The experimental design consisted of a Petri dish containing three embryos explants. Each one of the seven treatments was composed of ten Petri dishes. Mean number of secondary somatic embryos, clusters and new embryogenic formation on clusters were recorded after 8 weeks, and evaluated by statistical analysis. There were no significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) in clusters and new embryos on clusters formation among evaluated media;but mean number of secondary embryos was significantly higher in N30K (4.37 ± 0.48) compared with control media (1.37 ± 0.15). The morphology of secondary embryos grown in the N30K medium exclusively showed the presence of three embryogenic stages: early cotyledonal with translucide aspect, white opaque, or green, and mature embryos. These results indicate that the medium do influence the morphogenic characteristics of produced embryos. Our finding revealed that secondary somatic embryos produced in N30K medium presented better morphogenic potential, with different stages of embryogenic formation.

Callogenesis of Cork Oak(Quercus suber L.)through In Vitro Culture of Nodes and Internodes

The present study is about in vitro culture of cork oak, through callogenesis from nodes and internodes, withdrawn from seedlings of three months. These latter were obtained after acorns germination on peat. Nodes showed a high capacity for callogenesis and the best rate was obtained on a medium containing Woody Plant Medium (WPM) macronutrients, Murashige and Skoog (MS) micronutrients and vitamins, 4.5 μM of 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP), 7 μM of 2-naphthalineacetic acid (NAA) and 30 g/L of Sucrose. Calluses are transplanted onto the same mineral solution, with or without growth regulators, and in the 3rd transplanting;small white embryos appear on the surface of calluses.

Influence of Amino Acids on the Secondary Somatic Embryogenesis Proliferation Process of Moroccan Cork Oak (<i>Quercus suber</i>L.)

The present study aims to explore the regeneration potential of Moroccan cork oak through the secondary somatic embryogenesis process. Particularly, we focus on the analysis of amino acids influence on the quantity and quality of the regenerated secondary embryos. The amino acids tested are: Glutamine, asparagine, arginine, tryptophane, methionine, casein hydrolysate and urea. Each amino acid is added in the Margara (N30K) medium at different concentrations ranged between 10 and 500 mg/l. The results are collected after 2 months of culture. First analysis shows that the glutamine and the casein hydrolysate gives a maximum number of somatic embryos, clusters and pre-embryos newly formed on the clusters. By comparison to the control medium, the increase of the secondary embryos number directly formed exceed 36% in the case of casein hydrolysate and 35% of in the case of glutamine both at the concentration of 30 mg/l. However, the test of the combination of these amino acids did not have any significant results. In terms of quality, the influence of amino acids on the morphology of secondary embryos was analyzed.

滇紫草中肝毒性吡咯里西啶生物碱的含量分析

目的:建立液质联用法分析滇紫草中印美定、石松胺、蓝蓟定及其氮氧化物的含量。方法:采用沃特世HSS T3(长度100 mm、直径2.1 mm,粒径1.8μm)为色谱柱,以各含0.05%甲酸的乙腈水系统为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速为0.3 mL·min^(-1);进样量为1μL;电喷雾离子源,正离子多反应监测模式测定。结果:滇紫草中4种成分分别在0.972~97.2 ng·mL^(-1)、0.988~98.8 ng·mL^(-1)、1.024~102.4 ng·mL^(-1)、0.996~99.6 ng·mL^(-1)范围内线性关系良好(r>0.9990),回收率分别为93.5%、89.2%、88.1%和85.4%,RSD分别为3.5%、4.2%、3.2%和4.3%。结论:该方法专属性强,准确性好,可用于滇紫草中吡咯里西啶生物碱类成分的检测。

低NO_(3)^(-)胁迫抑制烟草根系质外体运输的机制研究

为探究低NO_(3)^(-)胁迫抑制烟草根系质外体运输的生理机制,以中烟100为试验材料,在水培条件下设计了0.01、0.1 mmol/L两个低NO_(3)^(-)胁迫处理,及4.0mmol/L正常NO_(3)^(-)浓度的对照处理,分析了各浓度NO_(3)^(-)对烟苗发育、根系形态、蒸腾作用、质外体途径运输、内皮层木栓化以及质外体屏障形成相关基因表达的影响。结果表明,低NO_(3)^(-)胁迫(0.01和0.1 mmol/L)烟苗根冠比显著大于对照,增幅分别为267%和125%,蒸腾量显著小于对照,降幅分别为176%和114%;PTS荧光强度显著小于对照,降幅分别为31%和27%,木质部伤流液以及地上部PTS浓度显著小于对照,降幅分别为105%、91%和103%、75%;低NO_(3)^(-)胁迫诱导烟草根内皮层的早期木栓化,木栓质沉积位置更靠近根尖;低NO_(3)^(-)胁迫诱导与质外体屏障形成相关基因的表达上调。综上,低NO_(3)^(-)胁迫诱导的内皮层木栓化抑制了烟草根系质外体途径运输。

聚丁二酸丁二醇酯和聚辛二酸丁二醇酯及聚(丁二酸-co-辛二酸丁二醇)共聚酯的酶促降解

以1,4-丁二醇与不同链长二元酸单体为原料,合成了聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)和聚辛二酸丁二醇酯(PBSub)2种均聚酯和4种不同比例聚(丁二酸-co-辛二酸丁二醇)共聚酯。以上述6种聚酯为降解底物,利用角质酶对其进行降解研究。通过衰减全反射傅里叶变换红外光谱、核磁共振波谱仪、差示扫描量热仪、X射线衍射仪和热重分析仪等对聚酯及其降解产物进行表征分析。6种聚酯的晶体结构、熔点、结晶度和热稳定性变化不大。研究表明,聚酯的结晶度和熔点温度是影响其酶降解的重要因素。角质酶降解共聚酯的结晶区和非结晶区,但优先降解非结晶区。丁二酸/辛二酸投料摩尔比为4/6和6/4的降解效果最好,但摩尔比为6/4的样品熔点较高,为最佳比例。

欧洲栓皮栎软木构造与物理性质研究进展

介绍了国内外学者对欧洲栓皮栎软木宏观、微观构造的研究现状。欧洲栓皮栎软木细胞为14面体,弦切面细胞呈蜂窝状排列,横切面和径切面呈砖墙状排列;细胞壁上存在褶皱。欧洲栓皮栎软木具有密度低、弹性好、热绝缘性好、吸声减震和防水等优良物理性能。

高山栎叶的形态结构及其与生态环境的关系

对分布在不同生态环境条件下的硬叶常绿阔叶林建群种高山栎组植物叶的形态解剖特征进行了比较研究。结果表明，高山栎组植物叶的形态结构兼有非肉质旱生植物和高山植物的性状，这是它们对生态环境广泛适应的基础。每一个种除气孔器类型及腹面二层表皮细胞性状比较稳定外，其他性状，如气孔的大小和密度、表皮细胞的形状，垂周壁的类型、叶片的厚度、角质膜的厚度均受环境条件修饰，不是稳定性状，不具分类学意义。对同一个种的不同生活型，如乔木、小乔木和灌木，在解剖结构上没有明显的区别特征。地中海的冬青栎（Ｑｕｅｒｃｕｓｉｌｅｘ）的表皮特征和高山栎组植物有很大的相似性。

不同施肥方式下氯吡脲对藤稔葡萄生长和品质的影响

为探究不同施肥方式下氯吡脲对葡萄生长和品质的影响,以藤稔葡萄为材料,采用二因素(施肥方式、氯吡脲剂量)随机区组设计,评价不同处理对葡萄生长、产量、品质和残留等的影响。结果表明,施肥和使用氯吡脲均能使葡萄果实显著膨大,增加百粒重和穗质量,高浓度氯吡脲(50mg·kg^(-1))对藤稔葡萄的增产作用有限。施肥可显著影响葡萄大小粒指数。氯吡脲用量显著影响穗梗直径和穗梗木栓化程度,肥料充足处理下的穗梗木栓化程度轻于无肥料处理。葡萄品质同时受施肥方式和氯吡脲用量的影响,高浓度氯吡脲处理下,肥料供给充足时,糖酸比在所有处理中最低;在无肥料供给时,可溶性固形物和总黄酮含量最低。所有处理采收期均未检出氯吡脲残留。雷达图综合分析结果表明,氯吡脲用量为10 mg·kg^(-1)和20 mg·kg^(-1),配合充足的肥料,藤稔葡萄生长、产量和品质等较好,且各指标的均衡性最佳。说明藤稔葡萄生产上可以使用氯吡脲膨果,但宜在肥料充足的条件下使用,且不可随意加大用量。

试用多元分析方法研究植物形态结构与生态环境的关系

应用多元分析方法对栎属高山栎组不同环境条件下的３３个植物样品的形态解剖性状的１７个指标进行了综合分析．结果表明，二元指示种分析（ＴＷＩＮＳＰＡＮ）聚类的结果能很好地把相似生态环境条件下的样品聚在一起，对样品进行无趋势对应分析（ＤＣＡ）和主成分分析（ＰＣＡ）都得到了满意结果．植物形态解剖性状的聚类、排序分析也可用来研究个体性状之间变异的连续性和间断性，进而有助于分类学的研究．

稀土配合物[Ln_2(sba)_3(phen)_2(H_2O)_2](Ln=Eu,Tb)合成、表征和性质研究

在乙醇和水的混合溶剂中,利用辛二酸[Suberic acid=H2sba]、邻菲罗啉(Phen)合成了标题化合物,通过化学分析、元素分析、红外光谱、热分解等方法对配合物组成进行了分析和表征,并研究了两种配合物的荧光性质。

川槿皮化学成分的研究

从川槿皮中分得7个单体化合物,确定它们的结构分别是壬二酸、辛二酸、二十八醇-1、β-谷甾醇、二十二碳二醇、白桦脂醇、古柯三醇。其中古柯三醇为天然界首次分离得到。

脂肪二羧酸及其盐类聚丙烯β成核剂研究进展

β-晶PP具有优异的抗冲击强度和耐热性,广泛用于管材、蓄电池外壳、汽车保险杠、板材、热成型包装容器、微孔薄膜和纤维等制品中,添加β成核剂是制备β-晶PP的主要方法。脂肪二羧酸及其盐类聚丙烯β成核剂是研究最早的一类β成核剂。首次综述了丙二酸及其盐、戊二酸及其盐、庚二酸及其盐和辛二酸及其盐类成核剂,在PP的β-晶成核方面的研究进展。丙二酸及其锂、钠和钾盐抑制β晶的形成,丙二酸锌对β-晶的形成具有有限的正作用,丙二酸的镁、钙、锶和钡盐是β晶成核剂,但成核能力顺序递减;戊二酸及其钠、钾和锌盐阻止β-PP的形成,戊二酸锂对β-PP的形成具有有限的正作用,戊二酸的镁、钙、锶和钡盐表现出较强的诱导β-PP的能力,且随着金属原子比的增加而增强;β晶型成核效率由大到小的顺序为:CaPi>BaPi>ZnPi>Na2Pi>MgPi>Pi>Al2Pi3;辛二酸和辛二酸盐iPP成核能力的大小顺序为:CaSu>MgSu>ZnSu>K2Su>CdSu>BaSu>Na2Su>SrSu>Li2Su>SA。其中,庚二酸钙和辛二酸钙是最好的PPβ-晶成核剂,以庚二酸和含钙化合物组成的二元复合体系最有应用前景。

辛二酰氯的合成及其理论计算

以辛二酸为原料,经酰化反应合成得到辛二酰氯,考察了反应时间和反应温度对产物产率的影响,并借助密度泛函量子力学程序对反应前后产物空间结构的变化进行研究.实验结果显示:反应时间24 h,反应温度80℃,辛二酰氯产率为94.7﹪;结构优化后的辛二酰氯HOMO与LUMO轨道上的电子密度下降,且向亚甲基方向偏移.

辛二酸钙成核改性等规聚丙烯研究

研究了1种高效β晶型成核剂辛二酸钙(CaSu)的用量对等规聚丙烯(iPP)熔融、结晶行为和力学性能的影响。结果表明,CaSu为良好的β晶型成核剂,添加0.20%(质量分数)CaSu,β晶型含量可以达到84.02%;添加CaSu可以使iPP的成核能力增强,使其结晶温度增加;CaSu诱导iPP产生大量β晶型,同时降低了球晶的尺寸;添加CaSu可使iPP的缺口冲击强度、拉伸强度以及断裂伸长率提高,但弯曲模量降低。

辛二酸/硬脂酸钙双组分成核剂对等规聚丙烯中β晶生成的影响

研究了在120℃等温结晶30 min的条件下,辛二酸/硬脂酸钙双组分成核剂对等规聚丙烯中β晶含量的影响。当加入0.15%的辛二酸时,等规聚丙烯的β晶消失。固定辛二酸含量为0.15%、硬脂酸钙含量超过0.525%时,等规聚丙烯中又开始出现β晶,当硬脂酸钙含量为0.675%时,β晶含量达到最大值。红外分析表明,辛二酸和硬脂酸钙在双螺杆挤出机中发生原位化学反应,生成高效成核剂辛二酸钙。