Specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators including maresin 1 mediate resolution but the levels of these are reduced in Alzheimer's disease brain, suggesting that they constitute a novel target for the treatment o...Specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators including maresin 1 mediate resolution but the levels of these are reduced in Alzheimer's disease brain, suggesting that they constitute a novel target for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease to prevent/stop inflammation and combat disease pathology. Therefore, it is important to clarify whether they counteract the expression of genes and proteins induced by amyloid-β. With this objective, we analyzed the relevance of human monocyte–derived microglia for in vitro modeling of neuroinflammation and its resolution in the context of Alzheimer's disease and investigated the pro-resolving bioactivity of maresin 1 on amyloid-β42–induced Alzheimer's disease–like inflammation. Analysis of RNA-sequencing data and secreted proteins in supernatants from the monocyte-derived microglia showed that the monocyte-derived microglia resembled Alzheimer's disease–like neuroinflammation in human brain microglia after incubation with amyloid-β42. Maresin 1 restored homeostasis by down-regulating inflammatory pathway related gene expression induced by amyloid-β42 in monocyte-derived microglia, protection of maresin 1 against the effects of amyloid-β42 is mediated by a re-balancing of inflammatory transcriptional networks in which modulation of gene transcription in the nuclear factor-kappa B pathway plays a major part. We pinpointed molecular targets that are associated with both neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease and therapeutic targets by maresin 1. In conclusion, monocyte-derived microglia represent a relevant in vitro microglial model for studies on Alzheimer's disease-like inflammation and drug response for individual patients. Maresin 1 ameliorates amyloid-β42–induced changes in several genes of importance in Alzheimer's disease, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease.展开更多
Subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH)is a dominant cause of death and disability wo rldwide.A sharp increase in intracranial pressure after SAH leads to a reduction in cerebral perfusion and insufficient blood supply for neuro...Subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH)is a dominant cause of death and disability wo rldwide.A sharp increase in intracranial pressure after SAH leads to a reduction in cerebral perfusion and insufficient blood supply for neuro ns,which subsequently promotes a series of pathophysiological responses leading to neuronal death.Many previous experimental studies have reported that excitotoxicity,mitochondrial death pathways,the release of free radicals,protein misfolding,apoptosis,nec rosis,autophagy,and inflammation are involved solely or in combination in this disorder.Among them,irreversible neuronal apoptosis plays a key role in both short-and long-term prognoses after SAH.Neuronal apoptosis occurs through multiple pathways including extrinsic,mitochondrial,endoplasmic reticulum,p53 and oxidative stress.Meanwhile,a large number of blood contents enter the subarachnoid space after SAH,and the secondary metabolites,including oxygenated hemoglo bin and heme,further aggravate the destruction of the blood-brain barrier and vasogenic and cytotoxic brain edema,causing early brain injury and delayed cerebral ischemia,and ultimately increasing neuronal apoptosis.Even there is no clear and effective therapeutic strategy for SAH thus far,but by understanding apoptosis,we might excavate new ideas and approaches,as targeting the upstream and downstream molecules of apoptosis-related pathways shows promise in the treatment of SAH.In this review,we summarize the existing evidence on molecules and related drugs or molecules involved in the apoptotic pathway after SAH,which provides a possible target or new strategy for the treatment of SAH.展开更多
The commercialization of electrolytic MnO_(2)-Zn batteries is highly applauded owing to the advantages of cost-effectiveness,high safety,high energy density,and durable working performance.However,due to the low rever...The commercialization of electrolytic MnO_(2)-Zn batteries is highly applauded owing to the advantages of cost-effectiveness,high safety,high energy density,and durable working performance.However,due to the low reversibility of the cathode MnO_(2)/Mn^(2+)chemistry at high areal capacities and the severe Zn anode corrosion,the practical application of MnO_(2)-Zn batteries is hampered by inadequate lifespan.Leveraging the full advantage of an iodine redox mediator,here we design a highly rechargeable electrolytic MnO_(2)-Zn battery with a high areal capacity.The MnO_(2)-Zn battery coupled with an iodine mediator in a mild electrolyte shows a high discharge voltage of 1.85 V and a robust areal capacity of 10 mAh cm^(-2)under a substantial discharge current density of 160 mA cm^(-2).The MnO_(2)/I_(2)-Zn battery with an areal capacity of 10 mAh cm^(-2)exhibits prolonged stability of over 950 cycles under a high-capacity retention of~94%.The scaled-up MnO_(2)/I_(2)-Zn battery reveals a stable cycle life under a cell capacity of~600 mAh.Moreover,our constructed MnO_(2)/I_(2)-Zn battery demonstrates a practical energy density of~37 Wh kg^(-1)and a competitive energy cost of<18 US$kWh^(-1)by taking into account the cathode,anode,and electrolyte.The MnO_(2)/I_(2)-Zn battery,with its remarkable reversibility and reasonable energy density,enlightens a new arena of large-scale energy storage devices.展开更多
Objective Although goal-directed fluid therapy(GDFT)has been proven to be effective in reducing the incidence of postoperative complications,the underlying mechanisms remain unknown.The aim of this study was to examin...Objective Although goal-directed fluid therapy(GDFT)has been proven to be effective in reducing the incidence of postoperative complications,the underlying mechanisms remain unknown.The aim of this study was to examine the mediating role of intraoperative hemodynamic lability in the association between GDFT and the incidence of postoperative complications.We further tested the role of this mediation effect using mean arterial pressure,a hemodynamic indicator.Methods This secondary analysis used the dataset of a completed nonrandomized controlled study to investigate the effect of GDFT on the incidence of postoperative complications in patients undergoing posterior spine arthrodesis.We used a simple mediation model to test whether there was a mediation effect of average real variability between the association of GDFT and postoperative complications.We conducted mediation analysis using the mediation package in R(version 3.1.2),based on 5,000 bootstrapped samples,adjusting for covariates.Results Among the 300 patients in the study,40%(120/300)developed postoperative complications within 30 days.GDFT was associated with fewer 30-day postoperative complications after adjustment for confounders(odds ratio:0.460,95%CI:0.278,0.761;P=0.003).The total effect of GDFT on postoperative complications was-0.18(95%CI:-0.28,-0.07;P<0.01).The average causal mediation effect was-0.08(95%CI:-0.15,-0.04;P<0.01).The average direct effect was-0.09(95%CI:-0.20,0.03;P=0.17).The proportion mediated was 49.9%(95%CI:18.3%,140.0%).Conclusions The intraoperative blood pressure lability mediates the relationship between GDFT and the incidence of postoperative complications.Future research is needed to clarify whether actively reducing intraoperative blood pressure lability can prevent postoperative complications.展开更多
Objective:Socioeconomic status(SES)is associated with childhood obesity,but the underlying factors remain unknown.This study aimed to identify mediators that may explain SES disparities in childhood obesity in China.M...Objective:Socioeconomic status(SES)is associated with childhood obesity,but the underlying factors remain unknown.This study aimed to identify mediators that may explain SES disparities in childhood obesity in China.Methods:Nationally representative longitudinal data from the China Education Panel Survey of 11 o019 children(13.03±0.79)collected from 2013-2014 to 2016-2017 academic years.Overweight/obesity was defined using Chinese national body mass index cut-points.Principal component analysis was used to convert the four SES indicators(maternal and paternal education,and occupation)into one comprehensive variable.Mediation analysis for SES disparities in childhood obesity was conducted using structure equation models.Results:The prevalence of overweight/obesity was 12.8%,and was higher in boys than in girls(17.8%vs.7.6%,P<0.001)at baseline.Among boys,relative risk(RR)of obesity was 1.23(95%CI:1.09 to 1.40,P<O.001)for per unit change in SES.There was no significant association between obesity and SES among girls.Mediation analyses showed that among boys,birth weight,being the only child in the family and children's selfperceived weight status mediated 70.0%of the effects of SES on obesity.No mediation effect was detected in girls.Conclusions:Chinese boys are more likely to be overweight or obese than girls.SES may impact childhood obesity through birth weight,being the only child in the family and children's self-perceived body weight status in boys,but not in girls.More attention should be made to address childhood obesity in high SES families among boys.Interventions targeting at these mediators are needed.展开更多
Implementing a new energy-saving electrochemical synthesis system with high commercial value is a strategy of the sustainable development for upgrading the bulk chemicals preparation technology in the future.Here,we r...Implementing a new energy-saving electrochemical synthesis system with high commercial value is a strategy of the sustainable development for upgrading the bulk chemicals preparation technology in the future.Here,we report a multiple redox-mediated linear paired electrolysis system,combining the hydrogen peroxide mediated cathode process with the I2 mediated anode process,and realize the conversion of furfural to furoic acid in both side of the dividedflow cell simultaneously.By reasonably controlling the cathode potential,the undesired water splitting reaction and furfural reduction side reactions are avoided.Under the galvanostatic electrolysis,the two-mediated electrode processes have good compatibility,which reduce the energy consumption by about 22%while improving the electronic efficiency by about 125%.This system provides a green electrochemical synthesis route with commercial prospects.展开更多
BACKGROUND Hematological tumors are common malignant tumors,with high morbidity and mortality rates.Most patients with hematological malignancies develop sleep disorders that seriously affect their life and health bec...BACKGROUND Hematological tumors are common malignant tumors,with high morbidity and mortality rates.Most patients with hematological malignancies develop sleep disorders that seriously affect their life and health because of acute onset of disease,rapid progression,high recurrence rates,complex treatment methods,and treatment costs.AIM To explore the mediating effect of resilience on fear of disease progression and sleep quality in patients with hematological malignancies.METHODS A cross-sectional analysis of 100 patients with hematological malignancies,treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University between August 2022 and August 2023,was conducted.Patients were assessed using a general data survey,a simplified scale for the fear of progression(FoP)of disease,a resilience scale,and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.Statistical analysis was conducted to determine the relationship between various patient characteristics and FoP,resilience,and sleep quality.Spearman’s correlation analysis was used to examine the correlations between mental resilience,FoP,and sleep quality.RESULTS The total FoP score mean value in patients with hematological malignancies was 38.09±5.16;the total resilience score mean value was 40.73±7.04;and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score mean value was 10.72±1.90.FoP,resilience,and sleep quality of the patients were associated with family per capita monthly income and patient education level(P<0.05).Spearman correlation analysis revealed that FoP was negatively correlated with resilience and sleep quality scores(r=-0.560,-0.537,P<0.01),respectively,and resilience was significantly associated with sleep quality scores(r=0.688,P<0.01).Mediation analysis showed that the mediating effect of resilience between FoP and sleep quality in patients with hematological malignancies was-0.100 and accounted for 50.51%of the total effect.This indicated that FoP directly and indirectly affected sleep quality through the mesomeric effect of resilience.CONCLUSION Resilience is an intermediary variable between FoP and sleep quality in patients with hematological malignancies.Medical staff should evaluate and follow-up FoP and resilience to implement measures to improve sleep quality.展开更多
BACKGROUND Education,cognition,and intelligence are associated with cholelithiasis occurrence,yet which one has a prominent effect on cholelithiasis and which cardiometabolic risk factors mediate the causal relationsh...BACKGROUND Education,cognition,and intelligence are associated with cholelithiasis occurrence,yet which one has a prominent effect on cholelithiasis and which cardiometabolic risk factors mediate the causal relationship remain unelucidated.AIM To explore the causal associations between education,cognition,and intelligence and cholelithiasis,and the cardiometabolic risk factors that mediate the associations.METHODS Applying genome-wide association study summary statistics of primarily European individuals,we utilized two-sample multivariable Mendelian randomization to estimate the independent effects of education,intelligence,and cognition on cholelithiasis and cholecystitis(FinnGen study,37041 and 11632 patients,respectively;n=486484 participants)and performed two-step Mendelian randomization to evaluate 21 potential mediators and their mediating effects on the relationships between each exposure and cholelithiasis.RESULTS Inverse variance weighted Mendelian randomization results from the FinnGen consortium showed that genetically higher education,cognition,or intelligence were not independently associated with cholelithiasis and cholecystitis;when adjusted for cholelithiasis,higher education still presented an inverse effect on cholecystitis[odds ratio:0.292(95%CI:0.171-0.501)],which could not be induced by cognition or intelligence.Five out of 21 cardiometabolic risk factors were perceived as mediators of the association between education and cholelithiasis,including body mass index(20.84%),body fat percentage(40.3%),waist circumference(44.4%),waist-to-hip ratio(32.9%),and time spent watching television(41.6%),while time spent watching television was also a mediator from cognition(20.4%)and intelligence to cholelithiasis(28.4%).All results were robust to sensitivity analyses.CONCLUSION Education,cognition,and intelligence all play crucial roles in the development of cholelithiasis,and several cardiometabolic mediators have been identified for prevention of cholelithiasis due to defects in each exposure.展开更多
BACKGROUND Dysphoria and despondency are prevalent psychological issues in patients undergoing Maintenance Hemodialysis(MHD)that significantly affect their quality of life(QOL).High levels of social support can signif...BACKGROUND Dysphoria and despondency are prevalent psychological issues in patients undergoing Maintenance Hemodialysis(MHD)that significantly affect their quality of life(QOL).High levels of social support can significantly improve the physical and mental well-being of patients undergoing MHD.Currently,there is limited research on how social support mediates the relationship between dysphoria,despondency,and overall QOL in patients undergoing MHD.It is imperative to investigate this mediating effect to mitigate dysphoria and despondency in patients undergoing MHD,ultimately enhancing their overall QOL.AIM To investigate the mediating role of social support in relationships between dysphoria,despondency,and QOL among patients undergoing MHD.METHODS Participants comprised 289 patients undergoing MHD,who were selected using a random sampling approach.The Social Support Rating Scale,Self-Rating Anxiety Scale,Self-Rating Depression Scale,and QOL Scale were administered.Correlation analysis was performed to examine the associations between social support,dysphoria,despondency,and QOL in patients undergoing MHD.To assess the mediating impact of social support on dysphoria,despondency,and QOL in patients undergoing MHD,a bootstrap method was applied.RESULTS Significant correlations among social support,dysphoria,despondency,and quality in patients undergoing MHD were observed(all P<0.01).Dysphoria and despondency negatively correlated with social support and QOL(P<0.01).Dysphoria and despondency had negative predictive impacts on the QOL of patients undergoing MHD(P<0.05).The direct effect of dysphoria on QOL was statistically significant(P<0.05).Social support mediated the relationship between dysphoria and QOL,and this mediating effect was significant(P<0.05).Similarly,the direct effect of despondency on QOL was significant(P<0.05).Moreover,social support played a mediating role between despondency and QOL,with a significant mediating effect(P<0.05).CONCLUSION These findings suggest that social support plays a significant mediating role in the relationship between dysphoria,despondency,and QOL in patients undergoing MHD.展开更多
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH/NAD+) is involved in important biochemical reactions in human metabolism, including participation in energy production by mitochondria. The changes in fluorescence intensity as ...Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH/NAD+) is involved in important biochemical reactions in human metabolism, including participation in energy production by mitochondria. The changes in fluorescence intensity as a function of time in response to blocking and releasing of blood flow in a forearm are used as a measure of oxygen transport with blood to the tissue, which directly correlates with the skin microcirculation status. In this paper, a non-invasive dynamic monitoring system based on blood flow-mediated skin fluorescence (FMSF) technology is developed to monitor the NADH fluorescence intensity of skin tissue during the process of blocking reactive hyperemia. Simultaneously, laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) and laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) were used to observe blood flow, blood oxygen saturation (SOt2) and relative amount of hemoglobin (rHb) during the measurement process, which helped to explore NADH dynamics relevant physiological changes. A variety of parameters have been derived to describe NADH fluorescence curve based on the FMSF device. The experimental results are conducive to understanding the NADH measurement and the physiological processes related to it, which help FMSF to be a great avenue for in vivo physiological, clinical and pharmacological research on mitochondrial metabolism.展开更多
人机交互语言工具是电信网管的重要组成部分,是网管系统中使用频率最高的模块之一,命令参数的显示控制是它的实现难点.基于Mediator模式的参数控制法分离了参数表示和逻辑控制,它让每个参数专心处理自身表示,由中介者控制显示逻辑,解除...人机交互语言工具是电信网管的重要组成部分,是网管系统中使用频率最高的模块之一,命令参数的显示控制是它的实现难点.基于Mediator模式的参数控制法分离了参数表示和逻辑控制,它让每个参数专心处理自身表示,由中介者控制显示逻辑,解除了参数间的耦合关系.这种实现方法,集中了对参数的控制,减少了耦合,有利于各参数的复用,易于逻辑关系扩展,提高了命令解析效率.实际测试表明,在PIII 1.0 G CPU环境下,解析一条命令的平均时间只需0.14 s.该方法为开发网管人机交互语言工具或处理对象强耦合问题提供了一种有参考价值的实现方法.展开更多
基金supported by the China Scholarship Council(to YW)the Swedish Research Council,No.2018-02601(to MS)+7 种基金the Alzheimer Foundation,No.AF-980695(to MS)the Stockholm County Council,No.RS2020-0731(to MS)the Foundation of Old Servants(to MS)the Gun and Bertil Stohne Foundation(to MS)the?hlén Foundation,No.233055(to MS)The Swedish Fund for Research without Animal Experiments(to MS)the Swedish Dementia Foundation(to MS)the Brain foundation,No.FO2022-0131(to MS)。
文摘Specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators including maresin 1 mediate resolution but the levels of these are reduced in Alzheimer's disease brain, suggesting that they constitute a novel target for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease to prevent/stop inflammation and combat disease pathology. Therefore, it is important to clarify whether they counteract the expression of genes and proteins induced by amyloid-β. With this objective, we analyzed the relevance of human monocyte–derived microglia for in vitro modeling of neuroinflammation and its resolution in the context of Alzheimer's disease and investigated the pro-resolving bioactivity of maresin 1 on amyloid-β42–induced Alzheimer's disease–like inflammation. Analysis of RNA-sequencing data and secreted proteins in supernatants from the monocyte-derived microglia showed that the monocyte-derived microglia resembled Alzheimer's disease–like neuroinflammation in human brain microglia after incubation with amyloid-β42. Maresin 1 restored homeostasis by down-regulating inflammatory pathway related gene expression induced by amyloid-β42 in monocyte-derived microglia, protection of maresin 1 against the effects of amyloid-β42 is mediated by a re-balancing of inflammatory transcriptional networks in which modulation of gene transcription in the nuclear factor-kappa B pathway plays a major part. We pinpointed molecular targets that are associated with both neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease and therapeutic targets by maresin 1. In conclusion, monocyte-derived microglia represent a relevant in vitro microglial model for studies on Alzheimer's disease-like inflammation and drug response for individual patients. Maresin 1 ameliorates amyloid-β42–induced changes in several genes of importance in Alzheimer's disease, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.81971870,82172173(both to MCL)。
文摘Subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH)is a dominant cause of death and disability wo rldwide.A sharp increase in intracranial pressure after SAH leads to a reduction in cerebral perfusion and insufficient blood supply for neuro ns,which subsequently promotes a series of pathophysiological responses leading to neuronal death.Many previous experimental studies have reported that excitotoxicity,mitochondrial death pathways,the release of free radicals,protein misfolding,apoptosis,nec rosis,autophagy,and inflammation are involved solely or in combination in this disorder.Among them,irreversible neuronal apoptosis plays a key role in both short-and long-term prognoses after SAH.Neuronal apoptosis occurs through multiple pathways including extrinsic,mitochondrial,endoplasmic reticulum,p53 and oxidative stress.Meanwhile,a large number of blood contents enter the subarachnoid space after SAH,and the secondary metabolites,including oxygenated hemoglo bin and heme,further aggravate the destruction of the blood-brain barrier and vasogenic and cytotoxic brain edema,causing early brain injury and delayed cerebral ischemia,and ultimately increasing neuronal apoptosis.Even there is no clear and effective therapeutic strategy for SAH thus far,but by understanding apoptosis,we might excavate new ideas and approaches,as targeting the upstream and downstream molecules of apoptosis-related pathways shows promise in the treatment of SAH.In this review,we summarize the existing evidence on molecules and related drugs or molecules involved in the apoptotic pathway after SAH,which provides a possible target or new strategy for the treatment of SAH.
基金W.C.acknowledges the startup funds from USTC(Grant#KY2060000150)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(WK2060000040).
文摘The commercialization of electrolytic MnO_(2)-Zn batteries is highly applauded owing to the advantages of cost-effectiveness,high safety,high energy density,and durable working performance.However,due to the low reversibility of the cathode MnO_(2)/Mn^(2+)chemistry at high areal capacities and the severe Zn anode corrosion,the practical application of MnO_(2)-Zn batteries is hampered by inadequate lifespan.Leveraging the full advantage of an iodine redox mediator,here we design a highly rechargeable electrolytic MnO_(2)-Zn battery with a high areal capacity.The MnO_(2)-Zn battery coupled with an iodine mediator in a mild electrolyte shows a high discharge voltage of 1.85 V and a robust areal capacity of 10 mAh cm^(-2)under a substantial discharge current density of 160 mA cm^(-2).The MnO_(2)/I_(2)-Zn battery with an areal capacity of 10 mAh cm^(-2)exhibits prolonged stability of over 950 cycles under a high-capacity retention of~94%.The scaled-up MnO_(2)/I_(2)-Zn battery reveals a stable cycle life under a cell capacity of~600 mAh.Moreover,our constructed MnO_(2)/I_(2)-Zn battery demonstrates a practical energy density of~37 Wh kg^(-1)and a competitive energy cost of<18 US$kWh^(-1)by taking into account the cathode,anode,and electrolyte.The MnO_(2)/I_(2)-Zn battery,with its remarkable reversibility and reasonable energy density,enlightens a new arena of large-scale energy storage devices.
基金supported by the National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding(2022-PUMCHB-119).
文摘Objective Although goal-directed fluid therapy(GDFT)has been proven to be effective in reducing the incidence of postoperative complications,the underlying mechanisms remain unknown.The aim of this study was to examine the mediating role of intraoperative hemodynamic lability in the association between GDFT and the incidence of postoperative complications.We further tested the role of this mediation effect using mean arterial pressure,a hemodynamic indicator.Methods This secondary analysis used the dataset of a completed nonrandomized controlled study to investigate the effect of GDFT on the incidence of postoperative complications in patients undergoing posterior spine arthrodesis.We used a simple mediation model to test whether there was a mediation effect of average real variability between the association of GDFT and postoperative complications.We conducted mediation analysis using the mediation package in R(version 3.1.2),based on 5,000 bootstrapped samples,adjusting for covariates.Results Among the 300 patients in the study,40%(120/300)developed postoperative complications within 30 days.GDFT was associated with fewer 30-day postoperative complications after adjustment for confounders(odds ratio:0.460,95%CI:0.278,0.761;P=0.003).The total effect of GDFT on postoperative complications was-0.18(95%CI:-0.28,-0.07;P<0.01).The average causal mediation effect was-0.08(95%CI:-0.15,-0.04;P<0.01).The average direct effect was-0.09(95%CI:-0.20,0.03;P=0.17).The proportion mediated was 49.9%(95%CI:18.3%,140.0%).Conclusions The intraoperative blood pressure lability mediates the relationship between GDFT and the incidence of postoperative complications.Future research is needed to clarify whether actively reducing intraoperative blood pressure lability can prevent postoperative complications.
基金supported by the Chinese Nutrition Society(grant number CNS-NNSRG2019-97)the United Nations Children's Fund(Grant number:UNICEF 2018-Nutrition-2.1.2.3).
文摘Objective:Socioeconomic status(SES)is associated with childhood obesity,but the underlying factors remain unknown.This study aimed to identify mediators that may explain SES disparities in childhood obesity in China.Methods:Nationally representative longitudinal data from the China Education Panel Survey of 11 o019 children(13.03±0.79)collected from 2013-2014 to 2016-2017 academic years.Overweight/obesity was defined using Chinese national body mass index cut-points.Principal component analysis was used to convert the four SES indicators(maternal and paternal education,and occupation)into one comprehensive variable.Mediation analysis for SES disparities in childhood obesity was conducted using structure equation models.Results:The prevalence of overweight/obesity was 12.8%,and was higher in boys than in girls(17.8%vs.7.6%,P<0.001)at baseline.Among boys,relative risk(RR)of obesity was 1.23(95%CI:1.09 to 1.40,P<O.001)for per unit change in SES.There was no significant association between obesity and SES among girls.Mediation analyses showed that among boys,birth weight,being the only child in the family and children's selfperceived weight status mediated 70.0%of the effects of SES on obesity.No mediation effect was detected in girls.Conclusions:Chinese boys are more likely to be overweight or obese than girls.SES may impact childhood obesity through birth weight,being the only child in the family and children's self-perceived body weight status in boys,but not in girls.More attention should be made to address childhood obesity in high SES families among boys.Interventions targeting at these mediators are needed.
基金This study is supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFB0307500).
文摘Implementing a new energy-saving electrochemical synthesis system with high commercial value is a strategy of the sustainable development for upgrading the bulk chemicals preparation technology in the future.Here,we report a multiple redox-mediated linear paired electrolysis system,combining the hydrogen peroxide mediated cathode process with the I2 mediated anode process,and realize the conversion of furfural to furoic acid in both side of the dividedflow cell simultaneously.By reasonably controlling the cathode potential,the undesired water splitting reaction and furfural reduction side reactions are avoided.Under the galvanostatic electrolysis,the two-mediated electrode processes have good compatibility,which reduce the energy consumption by about 22%while improving the electronic efficiency by about 125%.This system provides a green electrochemical synthesis route with commercial prospects.
文摘BACKGROUND Hematological tumors are common malignant tumors,with high morbidity and mortality rates.Most patients with hematological malignancies develop sleep disorders that seriously affect their life and health because of acute onset of disease,rapid progression,high recurrence rates,complex treatment methods,and treatment costs.AIM To explore the mediating effect of resilience on fear of disease progression and sleep quality in patients with hematological malignancies.METHODS A cross-sectional analysis of 100 patients with hematological malignancies,treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University between August 2022 and August 2023,was conducted.Patients were assessed using a general data survey,a simplified scale for the fear of progression(FoP)of disease,a resilience scale,and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.Statistical analysis was conducted to determine the relationship between various patient characteristics and FoP,resilience,and sleep quality.Spearman’s correlation analysis was used to examine the correlations between mental resilience,FoP,and sleep quality.RESULTS The total FoP score mean value in patients with hematological malignancies was 38.09±5.16;the total resilience score mean value was 40.73±7.04;and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score mean value was 10.72±1.90.FoP,resilience,and sleep quality of the patients were associated with family per capita monthly income and patient education level(P<0.05).Spearman correlation analysis revealed that FoP was negatively correlated with resilience and sleep quality scores(r=-0.560,-0.537,P<0.01),respectively,and resilience was significantly associated with sleep quality scores(r=0.688,P<0.01).Mediation analysis showed that the mediating effect of resilience between FoP and sleep quality in patients with hematological malignancies was-0.100 and accounted for 50.51%of the total effect.This indicated that FoP directly and indirectly affected sleep quality through the mesomeric effect of resilience.CONCLUSION Resilience is an intermediary variable between FoP and sleep quality in patients with hematological malignancies.Medical staff should evaluate and follow-up FoP and resilience to implement measures to improve sleep quality.
文摘BACKGROUND Education,cognition,and intelligence are associated with cholelithiasis occurrence,yet which one has a prominent effect on cholelithiasis and which cardiometabolic risk factors mediate the causal relationship remain unelucidated.AIM To explore the causal associations between education,cognition,and intelligence and cholelithiasis,and the cardiometabolic risk factors that mediate the associations.METHODS Applying genome-wide association study summary statistics of primarily European individuals,we utilized two-sample multivariable Mendelian randomization to estimate the independent effects of education,intelligence,and cognition on cholelithiasis and cholecystitis(FinnGen study,37041 and 11632 patients,respectively;n=486484 participants)and performed two-step Mendelian randomization to evaluate 21 potential mediators and their mediating effects on the relationships between each exposure and cholelithiasis.RESULTS Inverse variance weighted Mendelian randomization results from the FinnGen consortium showed that genetically higher education,cognition,or intelligence were not independently associated with cholelithiasis and cholecystitis;when adjusted for cholelithiasis,higher education still presented an inverse effect on cholecystitis[odds ratio:0.292(95%CI:0.171-0.501)],which could not be induced by cognition or intelligence.Five out of 21 cardiometabolic risk factors were perceived as mediators of the association between education and cholelithiasis,including body mass index(20.84%),body fat percentage(40.3%),waist circumference(44.4%),waist-to-hip ratio(32.9%),and time spent watching television(41.6%),while time spent watching television was also a mediator from cognition(20.4%)and intelligence to cholelithiasis(28.4%).All results were robust to sensitivity analyses.CONCLUSION Education,cognition,and intelligence all play crucial roles in the development of cholelithiasis,and several cardiometabolic mediators have been identified for prevention of cholelithiasis due to defects in each exposure.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,No.2021D01C143.
文摘BACKGROUND Dysphoria and despondency are prevalent psychological issues in patients undergoing Maintenance Hemodialysis(MHD)that significantly affect their quality of life(QOL).High levels of social support can significantly improve the physical and mental well-being of patients undergoing MHD.Currently,there is limited research on how social support mediates the relationship between dysphoria,despondency,and overall QOL in patients undergoing MHD.It is imperative to investigate this mediating effect to mitigate dysphoria and despondency in patients undergoing MHD,ultimately enhancing their overall QOL.AIM To investigate the mediating role of social support in relationships between dysphoria,despondency,and QOL among patients undergoing MHD.METHODS Participants comprised 289 patients undergoing MHD,who were selected using a random sampling approach.The Social Support Rating Scale,Self-Rating Anxiety Scale,Self-Rating Depression Scale,and QOL Scale were administered.Correlation analysis was performed to examine the associations between social support,dysphoria,despondency,and QOL in patients undergoing MHD.To assess the mediating impact of social support on dysphoria,despondency,and QOL in patients undergoing MHD,a bootstrap method was applied.RESULTS Significant correlations among social support,dysphoria,despondency,and quality in patients undergoing MHD were observed(all P<0.01).Dysphoria and despondency negatively correlated with social support and QOL(P<0.01).Dysphoria and despondency had negative predictive impacts on the QOL of patients undergoing MHD(P<0.05).The direct effect of dysphoria on QOL was statistically significant(P<0.05).Social support mediated the relationship between dysphoria and QOL,and this mediating effect was significant(P<0.05).Similarly,the direct effect of despondency on QOL was significant(P<0.05).Moreover,social support played a mediating role between despondency and QOL,with a significant mediating effect(P<0.05).CONCLUSION These findings suggest that social support plays a significant mediating role in the relationship between dysphoria,despondency,and QOL in patients undergoing MHD.
文摘Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH/NAD+) is involved in important biochemical reactions in human metabolism, including participation in energy production by mitochondria. The changes in fluorescence intensity as a function of time in response to blocking and releasing of blood flow in a forearm are used as a measure of oxygen transport with blood to the tissue, which directly correlates with the skin microcirculation status. In this paper, a non-invasive dynamic monitoring system based on blood flow-mediated skin fluorescence (FMSF) technology is developed to monitor the NADH fluorescence intensity of skin tissue during the process of blocking reactive hyperemia. Simultaneously, laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) and laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) were used to observe blood flow, blood oxygen saturation (SOt2) and relative amount of hemoglobin (rHb) during the measurement process, which helped to explore NADH dynamics relevant physiological changes. A variety of parameters have been derived to describe NADH fluorescence curve based on the FMSF device. The experimental results are conducive to understanding the NADH measurement and the physiological processes related to it, which help FMSF to be a great avenue for in vivo physiological, clinical and pharmacological research on mitochondrial metabolism.
文摘人机交互语言工具是电信网管的重要组成部分,是网管系统中使用频率最高的模块之一,命令参数的显示控制是它的实现难点.基于Mediator模式的参数控制法分离了参数表示和逻辑控制,它让每个参数专心处理自身表示,由中介者控制显示逻辑,解除了参数间的耦合关系.这种实现方法,集中了对参数的控制,减少了耦合,有利于各参数的复用,易于逻辑关系扩展,提高了命令解析效率.实际测试表明,在PIII 1.0 G CPU环境下,解析一条命令的平均时间只需0.14 s.该方法为开发网管人机交互语言工具或处理对象强耦合问题提供了一种有参考价值的实现方法.