The insecticide chlorantraniliprole exhibits good efifcacy and plays an important role in controlling the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella Linnaeus. However, resistance to chlorantraniliprole has been observed re...The insecticide chlorantraniliprole exhibits good efifcacy and plays an important role in controlling the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella Linnaeus. However, resistance to chlorantraniliprole has been observed recently in some ifeld populations. At present study, diamondback moths with resistance to chlorantraniliprole （resistant ratio （RR） was 82.18） for biochemical assays were selected. The assays were performed to determine potential resistance mechanisms. The results showed that the selected resistant moths （GDLZ-R） and susceptible moth could be synergized by known metabolic inhibitors such as piperonyl butoxide （PBO）, triphenyl phosphate （TPP） and diethyl-maleate （DEM） at different levels （1.68-5.50-fold and 2.20-2.89-fold, respectively）, and DEM showed the maximum synergism in both strains. In enzymes assays, a high level of glutathione-S-transferase （GST） was observed in the resistant moth, in contrast, moths that are susceptible to the insecticide had only 1/3 the GST activity of the resistant moths. The analysis of short-term exposure of chlorantraniliprole on biochemical response in the resistant strain also showed that GST activity was signiifcantly elevated after exposure to a sub-lethal concentration of chlorantraniliprole （about 1/3 LC50, 12 mg L-1） 12 and 24 h, respectively. The results show that there is a strong correlation between the enzyme activity and resistance, and GST is likely the main detoxiifcation mechanism responsible for resistance to chlorantraniliprole in P. xylostella L., cytochrome P450 monooxygenase （P450） and carboxy-lesterase （CarE） are involved in to some extent.展开更多
Twenty-six half-sib groups （53 full-sib families） of turbot,Scophthalmus maximus Linnaeus, were obtained by artificial insemination. We measured growth in the offspring （40-50 individuals/family） and subjected the...Twenty-six half-sib groups （53 full-sib families） of turbot,Scophthalmus maximus Linnaeus, were obtained by artificial insemination. We measured growth in the offspring （40-50 individuals/family） and subjected them to a thermal tolerance challenge over a period of 34 d. There was no significant difference in daily mor-tality （range： 0.580%-1.391%） between Days 1-13 during the thermal tolerance challenge. However, daily cumulative mortality increased rapidly between Days 14 and 29, especially on Days 15 and 16 （20.232% and 34.377%, respectively）. Mortality was highest on Day 16 （14.145%）. We estimated the genetic parameters using the average information restricted maximum likelihood method. We used a likelihood ratio test to evaluate the significance of effects in models with and without identity as an effect, and compared the final log-likelihoods （maximum log L）. Lastly, we estimated phenotypic and genetic correlation between the up-per thermal tolerance limit （UTT） and body weight （BW）. In this study, the positive phenotypic correlation was low between UTT and BW （0.093±0.029）. The genetic correlation between UTT and BW was negative （-0.044±0.239）. The heritability for upper thermal tolerance was low （0.087±0.032）, which is of approximate-ly moderate heritability. The heritability for body weight was high （0.303±0.074）. Our results suggest there is significant potential for improvement in the culture of turbot by selective breeding.展开更多
In order to evaluate the nutritional quality of Lota lota(Linnaeus) muscle,the common nutrient components,amino acid composition and fatty acid composition in muscle of wild Lota lota(captured in Hailang reaches of Mu...In order to evaluate the nutritional quality of Lota lota(Linnaeus) muscle,the common nutrient components,amino acid composition and fatty acid composition in muscle of wild Lota lota(captured in Hailang reaches of Mudan River) were determined by routine methods. The results showed that the contents of moisture,crude protein,crude fat and ash were 81. 82%,15. 93%,0. 44% and 1. 06% in fresh muscle of Lota lota,respectively. Totally 17 amino acids,including seven kinds of essential amino acids(EAA),were detected in dry muscle of Lota lota(Linnaeus),accounting for 72. 43% of total dry muscle. The content of EAA was 29. 82%,accounting for 41. 17% of TAA,meeting the amino acid composition of high-quality protein standard required by Food and Agriculture Organization /Word Health Organization(FAO /WHO). There were four delicious amino acids(DAA) in dry muscle,accounting for 28. 34% of total dry weight.The percentage of DAA to TAA was 39. 13% in dry muscle. The contents of C20:5n- 3(EPA) and C22:6n- 3(DHA) in dry muscle were 8. 65% and 20. 32%respectively,which were significantly higher than that of the artificially cultured fish species,such as Oxyeleotris marmorata(EPA:2. 24%,DHA:4. 74%),Spinibarbus sinensis(EPA:0. 87%,DHA:3. 08%) and Glossogobius giuris(EPA: 3. 94%,DHA: 8. 10%). Based on the amino acids score(AAS) and chemical score(CS),the first limited amino acid in Lota lota(Linnaeus) was sulfur-containing amino acid(methionine + cysteine). The essential amino acids index(EAAI) of Lota lota(Linnaeus) was 62.58. It is concluded that Lota lota(Linnaeus) is abundant in amino acids and high-unsaturated fatty acids,and rational in composition of amino acids. Thus,Lota lota(Linnaeus) is a high quality freshwater fish with high nutritional value and health value,possessing good exploitation and utilization prospects.展开更多
We evaluated the effects of supplemental coated and crystalline methionine （Met） on the growth performance and feed utilization of juvenile cobia （Rachycentron canadum Linnaeus） in a 60-d feeding trial. Fish group...We evaluated the effects of supplemental coated and crystalline methionine （Met） on the growth performance and feed utilization of juvenile cobia （Rachycentron canadum Linnaeus） in a 60-d feeding trial. Fish groups were fed one of six isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets： 1） fishmeal control; 2） un- supplemented experimental （low-fish-meal diet deficient in Met）; or 3） one of four Met diets supplemented with crystalline L-Met, cellulose-acetate-phthalate coated L-Met, acrylic-resin coated L-Met, or tripalmitin- polyvinyl alcohol coated L-Met. The test diets were fed to triplicate groups of cobia （initial body weight 5.40-4-0.07 g） twice a day. The weight gain and specific growth rate of the fish fed the RES diet were highest among the Met-supplemented groups and were 23.64% and 7.99%, respectively, higher than those of the fish fed with the un-supplemented experimental diet （P〈0.05）. The protein efficiency ratio of the fish fed the MET diet was significantly higher than that of the fish fed the un-supplemented experimental diet and the fish in the other methionine supplementation groups （P〈0.05）. Our results suggest that supplementation of crystalline Met in low-fish-meal diets promotes the growth performance of juvenile cobia.展开更多
Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus is a traditional marine drug. There are more than two thousand years of history using clamshell as a component of medicine.After a review of relevant literature at home and abroad for nearly...Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus is a traditional marine drug. There are more than two thousand years of history using clamshell as a component of medicine.After a review of relevant literature at home and abroad for nearly 20 years,the author summarized chemical composition and pharmacological effects of M. meretrix,in order to provide a scientific basis for further development and utilization of M. meretrix.展开更多
A phytochemical investigation of the EtOH extract of the flowers of Lagerstroemia indica L.led to the isolation and char-acterization of a new pyrrole alkaloid,named lagerindicine(1),along with four known compounds(2-...A phytochemical investigation of the EtOH extract of the flowers of Lagerstroemia indica L.led to the isolation and char-acterization of a new pyrrole alkaloid,named lagerindicine(1),along with four known compounds(2-5).Their structures were elucidated by the detailed spectroscopic analysis and comparison with literature data,whereas the structure,in par-ticularly,the absolute configuration(AC)of 1,was firmly determined by total synthesis.All the isolates were evaluated for their cytotoxic effects against human colon cancer cell(HCT-116),and compound 3 exhibited weak cytotoxicity with IC50 value of 28.4μM.展开更多
Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus has long been used as traditional Chinese medicine in oriental medicine.The angiogentic activity of the extract of M.meretrix was investigated in this study,using human umbilical vein endoth...Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus has long been used as traditional Chinese medicine in oriental medicine.The angiogentic activity of the extract of M.meretrix was investigated in this study,using human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs).Extract of M.meretrix Linnaeus(AFG-25) was prepared with acetone and ethanol precipitation,and further separated by Sephadex G-25 column.The results show that AFG-25 promoted proliferation,migration,and capillary-like tube formation in HUVECs,and in the presence of eNOS inhibitor NMA,the tube formation induced by AFG-25 is inhibited significantly.Moreover,AFG25 could also promote the activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase(eNOS) and the resultant elevation of nitric oxide(NO) production.The results suggested that M.meretrix contains active ingredients with angiogentic activity and eNOS/NO signal pathway is in part involved in the proangiogenesis effect induced by AFG-25.展开更多
Humic acid is an important pool of heavy metals in sediments. Generally, the presence of refractory humic matter in aquatic systems would decrease the bioavailability of Cd and hence control the bioaccumulation of Cd ...Humic acid is an important pool of heavy metals in sediments. Generally, the presence of refractory humic matter in aquatic systems would decrease the bioavailability of Cd and hence control the bioaccumulation of Cd in benthic animals. In the present work, we applied a suspending system to determine the relative importance of particulate and dissolved fractions of humic acid as Cd sources for the bivalve Meretrix meretrix and to investigate the difference of bioaccumulation characteristics of Cd adsorbed on different fractions of humic acid. The results showed that.the bioaccumulation characteristics of Cd from particulate and dissolved fractions of humic acid were apparently different due to biological responses of the clam to the particulates. At Cd concentration of 140 mg/kg, the accumulation of Cd from Cd associated with humic acid mixtures was mainly attributed to the dissolved fractions of humic acid. Compared to particulate fractions, Cd associated with the dissolved fractions of humic acid may be more bioavailable.展开更多
基金sponsored by the Special Fund for AgroScientific Research in the Public Interest of China (201103021)the President Foundation of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China (201206)the Guangdong Natural Science Foundation, China (S2013010012529)
文摘The insecticide chlorantraniliprole exhibits good efifcacy and plays an important role in controlling the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella Linnaeus. However, resistance to chlorantraniliprole has been observed recently in some ifeld populations. At present study, diamondback moths with resistance to chlorantraniliprole （resistant ratio （RR） was 82.18） for biochemical assays were selected. The assays were performed to determine potential resistance mechanisms. The results showed that the selected resistant moths （GDLZ-R） and susceptible moth could be synergized by known metabolic inhibitors such as piperonyl butoxide （PBO）, triphenyl phosphate （TPP） and diethyl-maleate （DEM） at different levels （1.68-5.50-fold and 2.20-2.89-fold, respectively）, and DEM showed the maximum synergism in both strains. In enzymes assays, a high level of glutathione-S-transferase （GST） was observed in the resistant moth, in contrast, moths that are susceptible to the insecticide had only 1/3 the GST activity of the resistant moths. The analysis of short-term exposure of chlorantraniliprole on biochemical response in the resistant strain also showed that GST activity was signiifcantly elevated after exposure to a sub-lethal concentration of chlorantraniliprole （about 1/3 LC50, 12 mg L-1） 12 and 24 h, respectively. The results show that there is a strong correlation between the enzyme activity and resistance, and GST is likely the main detoxiifcation mechanism responsible for resistance to chlorantraniliprole in P. xylostella L., cytochrome P450 monooxygenase （P450） and carboxy-lesterase （CarE） are involved in to some extent.
文摘巴黎翠凤蝶是1种限于东洋区分布的蝴蝶,以后翅中室的大色斑非常艳丽,在阳光的照射下,闪闪发亮,而成为1种观赏性很强的昆虫,却几乎没有其生物学和养殖技术方面的报道.1998至2004年三峡库区和重庆市的调查[1]表明,巴黎翠凤蝶主要分布在石柱、城口、巫溪、武隆等地海拔500～1 000 m的范围内;在此区域,它是1个常见种;其主要栖息环境是山坡灌丛和阔叶林,主要寄主植物是飞龙掌血Toddalia asiatica Lam..从4月到9月三峡库区都有巴黎翠凤蝶出现,在5月形成1个小高峰,在7月和8月形成2个较大高峰,据此估计,三峡库区巴黎翠凤蝶1 a 3代的可能性最大.巴黎翠凤蝶的卵单独产于寄主植物的老熟叶片上,卵期约4～5 d;幼虫龄期25～30 d,分为5龄,独栖性,均栖于叶表;缢蛹,一般附着于寄主枝、叶下侧,蛹期12～15 d.
基金The Special Scientific Research Funds for Central Non-profit Institutes,Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institutes under contract No.20603022012002the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863 Program) under contract No.2012AA10A408-7
文摘Twenty-six half-sib groups （53 full-sib families） of turbot,Scophthalmus maximus Linnaeus, were obtained by artificial insemination. We measured growth in the offspring （40-50 individuals/family） and subjected them to a thermal tolerance challenge over a period of 34 d. There was no significant difference in daily mor-tality （range： 0.580%-1.391%） between Days 1-13 during the thermal tolerance challenge. However, daily cumulative mortality increased rapidly between Days 14 and 29, especially on Days 15 and 16 （20.232% and 34.377%, respectively）. Mortality was highest on Day 16 （14.145%）. We estimated the genetic parameters using the average information restricted maximum likelihood method. We used a likelihood ratio test to evaluate the significance of effects in models with and without identity as an effect, and compared the final log-likelihoods （maximum log L）. Lastly, we estimated phenotypic and genetic correlation between the up-per thermal tolerance limit （UTT） and body weight （BW）. In this study, the positive phenotypic correlation was low between UTT and BW （0.093±0.029）. The genetic correlation between UTT and BW was negative （-0.044±0.239）. The heritability for upper thermal tolerance was low （0.087±0.032）, which is of approximate-ly moderate heritability. The heritability for body weight was high （0.303±0.074）. Our results suggest there is significant potential for improvement in the culture of turbot by selective breeding.
基金Supported by National Key Technology R&D Program(2012BAD25B10)
文摘In order to evaluate the nutritional quality of Lota lota(Linnaeus) muscle,the common nutrient components,amino acid composition and fatty acid composition in muscle of wild Lota lota(captured in Hailang reaches of Mudan River) were determined by routine methods. The results showed that the contents of moisture,crude protein,crude fat and ash were 81. 82%,15. 93%,0. 44% and 1. 06% in fresh muscle of Lota lota,respectively. Totally 17 amino acids,including seven kinds of essential amino acids(EAA),were detected in dry muscle of Lota lota(Linnaeus),accounting for 72. 43% of total dry muscle. The content of EAA was 29. 82%,accounting for 41. 17% of TAA,meeting the amino acid composition of high-quality protein standard required by Food and Agriculture Organization /Word Health Organization(FAO /WHO). There were four delicious amino acids(DAA) in dry muscle,accounting for 28. 34% of total dry weight.The percentage of DAA to TAA was 39. 13% in dry muscle. The contents of C20:5n- 3(EPA) and C22:6n- 3(DHA) in dry muscle were 8. 65% and 20. 32%respectively,which were significantly higher than that of the artificially cultured fish species,such as Oxyeleotris marmorata(EPA:2. 24%,DHA:4. 74%),Spinibarbus sinensis(EPA:0. 87%,DHA:3. 08%) and Glossogobius giuris(EPA: 3. 94%,DHA: 8. 10%). Based on the amino acids score(AAS) and chemical score(CS),the first limited amino acid in Lota lota(Linnaeus) was sulfur-containing amino acid(methionine + cysteine). The essential amino acids index(EAAI) of Lota lota(Linnaeus) was 62.58. It is concluded that Lota lota(Linnaeus) is abundant in amino acids and high-unsaturated fatty acids,and rational in composition of amino acids. Thus,Lota lota(Linnaeus) is a high quality freshwater fish with high nutritional value and health value,possessing good exploitation and utilization prospects.
基金Supported by the Special Fund for Agro-Scientific Research in the Public Interest(No.201003020)the Pearl River Scholar Funded Scheme for Universities and Colleges in Guangdong Province(GDUPS,No.2011)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Ocean University of China(No.1212345)
文摘We evaluated the effects of supplemental coated and crystalline methionine （Met） on the growth performance and feed utilization of juvenile cobia （Rachycentron canadum Linnaeus） in a 60-d feeding trial. Fish groups were fed one of six isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets： 1） fishmeal control; 2） un- supplemented experimental （low-fish-meal diet deficient in Met）; or 3） one of four Met diets supplemented with crystalline L-Met, cellulose-acetate-phthalate coated L-Met, acrylic-resin coated L-Met, or tripalmitin- polyvinyl alcohol coated L-Met. The test diets were fed to triplicate groups of cobia （initial body weight 5.40-4-0.07 g） twice a day. The weight gain and specific growth rate of the fish fed the RES diet were highest among the Met-supplemented groups and were 23.64% and 7.99%, respectively, higher than those of the fish fed with the un-supplemented experimental diet （P〈0.05）. The protein efficiency ratio of the fish fed the MET diet was significantly higher than that of the fish fed the un-supplemented experimental diet and the fish in the other methionine supplementation groups （P〈0.05）. Our results suggest that supplementation of crystalline Met in low-fish-meal diets promotes the growth performance of juvenile cobia.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Projects of Guangxi Oceanic Administration(HYKJXM-2011-01HYKJXM-2012-04+3 种基金HYKJXM-2013-C)Construction Project of Guangxi Science&Technology Infrastructure Platform(10046-04)Collaborative Innovation Center of Southwest Ethnic Medicine Project(CICSEM 2013-B2)Lab of Guangxi Beibu Gulf Marine Drugs Application Technology and R&D
文摘Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus is a traditional marine drug. There are more than two thousand years of history using clamshell as a component of medicine.After a review of relevant literature at home and abroad for nearly 20 years,the author summarized chemical composition and pharmacological effects of M. meretrix,in order to provide a scientific basis for further development and utilization of M. meretrix.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Nos.81991521,41676073)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFC0310903)+2 种基金the Drug Innovation Major Project(No.2018ZX09711-001-001-009)the SKLDR/SIMM Project(No.SIMM1903ZZ-04)Changsha Engineering Technology Research Center of Woody flower(kq1907081).
文摘A phytochemical investigation of the EtOH extract of the flowers of Lagerstroemia indica L.led to the isolation and char-acterization of a new pyrrole alkaloid,named lagerindicine(1),along with four known compounds(2-5).Their structures were elucidated by the detailed spectroscopic analysis and comparison with literature data,whereas the structure,in par-ticularly,the absolute configuration(AC)of 1,was firmly determined by total synthesis.All the isolates were evaluated for their cytotoxic effects against human colon cancer cell(HCT-116),and compound 3 exhibited weak cytotoxicity with IC50 value of 28.4μM.
基金Supported by the Innovative Drug Development Projects of China(Nos. 2009ZX09103-661 and 2009ZX09102)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81001396)
文摘Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus has long been used as traditional Chinese medicine in oriental medicine.The angiogentic activity of the extract of M.meretrix was investigated in this study,using human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs).Extract of M.meretrix Linnaeus(AFG-25) was prepared with acetone and ethanol precipitation,and further separated by Sephadex G-25 column.The results show that AFG-25 promoted proliferation,migration,and capillary-like tube formation in HUVECs,and in the presence of eNOS inhibitor NMA,the tube formation induced by AFG-25 is inhibited significantly.Moreover,AFG25 could also promote the activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase(eNOS) and the resultant elevation of nitric oxide(NO) production.The results suggested that M.meretrix contains active ingredients with angiogentic activity and eNOS/NO signal pathway is in part involved in the proangiogenesis effect induced by AFG-25.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China through the National Basic Research Program (973) of China (No.2009CB426301)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.40773076)
文摘Humic acid is an important pool of heavy metals in sediments. Generally, the presence of refractory humic matter in aquatic systems would decrease the bioavailability of Cd and hence control the bioaccumulation of Cd in benthic animals. In the present work, we applied a suspending system to determine the relative importance of particulate and dissolved fractions of humic acid as Cd sources for the bivalve Meretrix meretrix and to investigate the difference of bioaccumulation characteristics of Cd adsorbed on different fractions of humic acid. The results showed that.the bioaccumulation characteristics of Cd from particulate and dissolved fractions of humic acid were apparently different due to biological responses of the clam to the particulates. At Cd concentration of 140 mg/kg, the accumulation of Cd from Cd associated with humic acid mixtures was mainly attributed to the dissolved fractions of humic acid. Compared to particulate fractions, Cd associated with the dissolved fractions of humic acid may be more bioavailable.
