[Objective] This study was to explore the effect of purple yam on the nutritional and physiological functions of rats.[Method] Forty SD rats were randomly divided into four groups with ten rats in each group which wer...[Objective] This study was to explore the effect of purple yam on the nutritional and physiological functions of rats.[Method] Forty SD rats were randomly divided into four groups with ten rats in each group which were reared with artificial semisynthetic feed added with 10% steamed yam powder.The four groups,the casein(CK) group which was used as the control,the purple yam(PY) group,the Tiegun yam(TY) group and common Huai yam(HY) group,were supplied with feed of equal content of energy,protein and fat.The rats were pair-fed for 56 days to observe changes of relevant nutritional and physiological indices.[Result] There were no significant differences of body weight,food conversion rate and organ indices between rats in PY group and CK group.Mean corpuscular hemoglobin in PY group was significantly lower than that in CK group;hemoglobin showed no significant difference with that in CK group;eosnophils was lower than that in CK group.Low density lipoprotein-cholesterol,total cholesterol and atherogenic index in PY group were lower than that in the other three groups;anti-atherogenic index was the highest among the four groups,while showing no significant difference;triglyceride content was lower than that in CK group.Among the antioxidant indices,the activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase were higher than that in CK group,while malondialdehyde content was lower than that in CK group.[Conclusion] Purple yam showed the trend of reducing the content of blood glucose,total cholesterol,low density lipoprotein-cholesterol,triglyceride,malondialdehyde,and raising the activity of glutathione peroxidase,superoxide dismutase and catalase,thus having certain antioxidative function.展开更多
Inadequate yield potential of available varieties and their long growth periods are two of the factors limiting yam (Dioscorea spp.) production. Identifying yield- and maturity-related traits and breeding for them w...Inadequate yield potential of available varieties and their long growth periods are two of the factors limiting yam (Dioscorea spp.) production. Identifying yield- and maturity-related traits and breeding for them will enhance production. Ten morphological/physiological traits: time of shoot emergence, time of tuber initiation, plant height, shoot dry weight, time of shoot senescence, tuber fresh weight (tuber yield), tuber number/plant, tuber parenchyma colour, tuber dry matter content and tuber dormancy period were assessed in eight accessions of D. alata L. (water yam) on the field in 2008 and 2009. Tuber yield-related traits were identified as shoot dry weight and time of shoot emergence. Shoot dry weight had the strongest positive effect; time of shoot emergence had a negative effect. High yielding accessions had a high shoot dry weight, but were low in tuber dry matter content. Uniform tuber parenchyma colour was the sole trait related to tuber maturity, but early and late senescing accessions did not consistently differ in the trait. TDa 00/00103 is high yielding and early maturing and may be used as a parent for breeding for high yield and early maturity in D. alata.展开更多
<em>Dioscorea</em><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> spp., White Yam has been shown to exhibit a wide range of nutritional a...<em>Dioscorea</em><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> spp., White Yam has been shown to exhibit a wide range of nutritional and medicinal properties. However, the compounds associated with its medicinal functions have not been fully examined. The purpose of this study was to generate a chemoinformatic profile of the bioactive compounds present in </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Dioscorea</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">alata</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">D</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">alata</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) and to characterize their putative anti-cancer properties using prostate (DU145) and lung (A549) cancer cells. Chemoinformatic profiling of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">D</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">alata</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> resulted in five bioactive extracts</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">:</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> hexane (DaJa-1), ether (DaJa-2), acetone (DaJa-3), ethanol (DaJa-4) and water (DaJa-5) were generated. The analytes present in the five bioactive extracts were dissolved in 0.1% DMSO and their anti-cancer activity </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">were </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">determined. We observed that the acetone extract (DaJa3) was the only extract capable of inducing greater tha</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">n</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 90% cell death of DU 145 cell at 100 μg/mL. The order of growth inhibition of the extracts in DU-145 cell is DaJa-3 (IC50, 31.45 μg/mL) > DaJa-4 (IC50 60 μg/mL) > DaJa-1 (IC50 > 100 μg/mL) ≥ DaJa-2 (IC50 > 100 μg/mL) ≥ DaJa-5 (IC50 > 100 μg/mL). MTT cell viability, dye exclusion, caspase activity and microscopic assessment of apoptotic cells demonstrated that DaJa-3 displayed cytotoxicity to both lung and prostate cancer cells. The A549 cells were more sensitive toward DaJa-3 with an IC</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">50</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> value of 22.28 μg/mL (CI 28.42 to 36.63 μg/mL), compared to that of DU145 cells with an IC</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">50</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> value of 31.45 μg/mL (CI 27.58 to 35.86 μg/mL). It was also observed that DaJa-3 induces differential anti-proliferative activity in the cancer cells. The apoptotic response induced by DaJa-3 paralleled the level of cell cytotoxicity observed in both cell lines. DaJa-3 induces G</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> phase cell cycle arrest in DU145 cells but G</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">1</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> arrest in A549 cells. The level of key apoptotic regulator proteins was upregulated, suggest</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ed</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> that DaJa-3 may be mediating its anti-cancer effect through activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Altogether, our data indicate</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> that DaJa-3 derived from a staple food source (white Yam) contains unique active compounds that have specific biological properties that may prevent </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">certain types of cancer or specific types of cancer.</span>展开更多
基金Supported by the Special Fund for Construction of Scientific and Technological Innovation Ability of BAAFS(KJCX201101010-22)~~
文摘[Objective] This study was to explore the effect of purple yam on the nutritional and physiological functions of rats.[Method] Forty SD rats were randomly divided into four groups with ten rats in each group which were reared with artificial semisynthetic feed added with 10% steamed yam powder.The four groups,the casein(CK) group which was used as the control,the purple yam(PY) group,the Tiegun yam(TY) group and common Huai yam(HY) group,were supplied with feed of equal content of energy,protein and fat.The rats were pair-fed for 56 days to observe changes of relevant nutritional and physiological indices.[Result] There were no significant differences of body weight,food conversion rate and organ indices between rats in PY group and CK group.Mean corpuscular hemoglobin in PY group was significantly lower than that in CK group;hemoglobin showed no significant difference with that in CK group;eosnophils was lower than that in CK group.Low density lipoprotein-cholesterol,total cholesterol and atherogenic index in PY group were lower than that in the other three groups;anti-atherogenic index was the highest among the four groups,while showing no significant difference;triglyceride content was lower than that in CK group.Among the antioxidant indices,the activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase were higher than that in CK group,while malondialdehyde content was lower than that in CK group.[Conclusion] Purple yam showed the trend of reducing the content of blood glucose,total cholesterol,low density lipoprotein-cholesterol,triglyceride,malondialdehyde,and raising the activity of glutathione peroxidase,superoxide dismutase and catalase,thus having certain antioxidative function.
文摘Inadequate yield potential of available varieties and their long growth periods are two of the factors limiting yam (Dioscorea spp.) production. Identifying yield- and maturity-related traits and breeding for them will enhance production. Ten morphological/physiological traits: time of shoot emergence, time of tuber initiation, plant height, shoot dry weight, time of shoot senescence, tuber fresh weight (tuber yield), tuber number/plant, tuber parenchyma colour, tuber dry matter content and tuber dormancy period were assessed in eight accessions of D. alata L. (water yam) on the field in 2008 and 2009. Tuber yield-related traits were identified as shoot dry weight and time of shoot emergence. Shoot dry weight had the strongest positive effect; time of shoot emergence had a negative effect. High yielding accessions had a high shoot dry weight, but were low in tuber dry matter content. Uniform tuber parenchyma colour was the sole trait related to tuber maturity, but early and late senescing accessions did not consistently differ in the trait. TDa 00/00103 is high yielding and early maturing and may be used as a parent for breeding for high yield and early maturity in D. alata.
基金Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences(No.2003014 and 2009014)The Project ofSpecial Funds for the Employment of Outstanding Experts in Guangxi
文摘<em>Dioscorea</em><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> spp., White Yam has been shown to exhibit a wide range of nutritional and medicinal properties. However, the compounds associated with its medicinal functions have not been fully examined. The purpose of this study was to generate a chemoinformatic profile of the bioactive compounds present in </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Dioscorea</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">alata</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">D</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">alata</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) and to characterize their putative anti-cancer properties using prostate (DU145) and lung (A549) cancer cells. Chemoinformatic profiling of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">D</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">alata</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> resulted in five bioactive extracts</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">:</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> hexane (DaJa-1), ether (DaJa-2), acetone (DaJa-3), ethanol (DaJa-4) and water (DaJa-5) were generated. The analytes present in the five bioactive extracts were dissolved in 0.1% DMSO and their anti-cancer activity </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">were </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">determined. We observed that the acetone extract (DaJa3) was the only extract capable of inducing greater tha</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">n</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 90% cell death of DU 145 cell at 100 μg/mL. The order of growth inhibition of the extracts in DU-145 cell is DaJa-3 (IC50, 31.45 μg/mL) > DaJa-4 (IC50 60 μg/mL) > DaJa-1 (IC50 > 100 μg/mL) ≥ DaJa-2 (IC50 > 100 μg/mL) ≥ DaJa-5 (IC50 > 100 μg/mL). MTT cell viability, dye exclusion, caspase activity and microscopic assessment of apoptotic cells demonstrated that DaJa-3 displayed cytotoxicity to both lung and prostate cancer cells. The A549 cells were more sensitive toward DaJa-3 with an IC</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">50</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> value of 22.28 μg/mL (CI 28.42 to 36.63 μg/mL), compared to that of DU145 cells with an IC</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">50</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> value of 31.45 μg/mL (CI 27.58 to 35.86 μg/mL). It was also observed that DaJa-3 induces differential anti-proliferative activity in the cancer cells. The apoptotic response induced by DaJa-3 paralleled the level of cell cytotoxicity observed in both cell lines. DaJa-3 induces G</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> phase cell cycle arrest in DU145 cells but G</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">1</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> arrest in A549 cells. The level of key apoptotic regulator proteins was upregulated, suggest</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ed</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> that DaJa-3 may be mediating its anti-cancer effect through activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Altogether, our data indicate</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> that DaJa-3 derived from a staple food source (white Yam) contains unique active compounds that have specific biological properties that may prevent </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">certain types of cancer or specific types of cancer.</span>