Effect of 24-Epibrassinolide on Growth of <i>in Vitro</i>Shoot Tips of Different Yam (<i>Dioscorea</i>Spp.) Species

In this work we compared the effect of the growth regulator content of the culture medium on the growth of in vitro shoot tips of five yam accessions belonging to four yam species (one Dioscorea alata, one D. rotundata, one D. cayenensis and two D. trifida). Medium S contained 0.6 μM benzyl adenine, 1.07 μM naphthalene acetic acid and 0.23 μM gibberellic acid while medium EBR contained 0.23 μM gibberellic acid and 0.1 μM 24-epibrassinolide. After 2 months of culture, oxidation level was significantly reduced on medium EBR compared to medium S for four of the five accessions tested. By contrast, medium EBR did not have any positive effect on shoot length since length of shoots produced after 2 months of culture on medium S and EBR were similar, except with accession 3-45T, for which shoot length was shorter on medium S compared to medium EBR. These results underline the potential of 24-epibrassinolide to reduce oxidation phenomena during in vitro culture and call for its utilization for regeneration of cryopreserved yam shoot tips, which is often impeded by oxidation phenomena.

Effect of Curing Treatments on Seven Key Farmers’ Yams (<i>Dioscorea</i>spp.) in Ghana

Curing of freshly harvested yams (Dioscorea spp.) is a process for wounded yams during harvest to heal. In this work the effectiveness of straw, polypropylene and jute sack on curing of seven key farmers’ yam varieties over a duration of 7, 14 and 21 days was studied. Seven key farmers’ yam varieties identified as Pona, Lariboko, Dente, Mutwumudoo, Serwah belonging to D. rotundata, Matches and Akaba belonging to D. alata were studied under different curing treatments. The percentage weight loss of yam tubers varied among the treatments over curing period. Curing under jute sack showed all yam varieties had weight losses less than 2.0%, within 7 days of curing. Five different varieties had weight loss less than 2.0% except Dente under the straw treatment. Mutwumudoo variety showed the highest water loss (8.4%) for polypropylene sheet and 6.9% for Lariboko in the control treatment. During 7 days curing the control and polypropylene treatment did not support yam curing. After 14 days of curing of tubers, similar tends were observed as in 7 days curing. After 14 days of curing under jute sack, percentage weight loss of the tubers ranges from 2.0% - 3.7%. In the straw treatment, the percentage weight loss ranges between 1.0% - 4.7% in all other varieties except Dente (D. rotundata) (8.2%). Polypropylene sheet treatment showed the highest percentage weight loss in Mutwumudoo variety (18.4%). A similar trend was observed for the yam tubers cured for 21days as percentage weight loss of tubers under jute sacks was 2.5 – 9.8%. Curing temperature and humidity ranged between 27&degC - 40&degC and 87% - 100% rh for yam tubers under the three different treatments of polypropylene, jute and straw. However, the control treatment recorded lower humidity of 60% - 80% rh. Curing material, duration, climatic conditions and yam varieties influenced curing and Serwah variety, which is a D. rotundata is the best bet yam variety to cure under jute sack for 7, 14 and 21 days of curing.

Effect of Purple Yam(Dioscorea alata L.) on Nutritional and Physiological Functions of Growing Rats

[Objective] This study was to explore the effect of purple yam on the nutritional and physiological functions of rats.[Method] Forty SD rats were randomly divided into four groups with ten rats in each group which were reared with artificial semisynthetic feed added with 10% steamed yam powder.The four groups,the casein（CK） group which was used as the control,the purple yam（PY） group,the Tiegun yam（TY） group and common Huai yam（HY） group,were supplied with feed of equal content of energy,protein and fat.The rats were pair-fed for 56 days to observe changes of relevant nutritional and physiological indices.[Result] There were no significant differences of body weight,food conversion rate and organ indices between rats in PY group and CK group.Mean corpuscular hemoglobin in PY group was significantly lower than that in CK group;hemoglobin showed no significant difference with that in CK group;eosnophils was lower than that in CK group.Low density lipoprotein-cholesterol,total cholesterol and atherogenic index in PY group were lower than that in the other three groups;anti-atherogenic index was the highest among the four groups,while showing no significant difference;triglyceride content was lower than that in CK group.Among the antioxidant indices,the activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase were higher than that in CK group,while malondialdehyde content was lower than that in CK group.[Conclusion] Purple yam showed the trend of reducing the content of blood glucose,total cholesterol,low density lipoprotein-cholesterol,triglyceride,malondialdehyde,and raising the activity of glutathione peroxidase,superoxide dismutase and catalase,thus having certain antioxidative function.

Farmer Participatory Breeding - The Foster Parent in the Breeding of Dioscorea spp. in Ghana

Yam （Dioscorea spp.）, has been aptly described as an orphan crop. It has suffered institutional neglect from time immemorial. Until this study there were no formally released yam varieties in Ghana. The farmer participatory breeding approach was adapted to fast-track the development and release of three new yam varieties in Ghana. This paper uses the breeding process as a case study and conducts a SWOT analysis to provide guidelines for breeding for crops in Low External Input Agriculture. It was faster than conventional breeding in varietal development. Scientific quality of Farmer Participatory Breeding is as good as conventional breeding. Farmer Participatory Breeding is a must for breeding yam in Ghana. Ultimately, three genotypes 2000/001, KUP2000/001 and TDr89/02665 were accepted and released as new varieties ＂CRIKukrupa＂, ＂CRIPona＂ and ＂Mankrong Pona＂ respectively in March 2005. Danger of omission of some promising genotypes in the course of varietal development and danger of opinion group cabalizing the group discussions were identified as potential threats to the approach. Effective research-extension-farmer linkage was identified as extremely vital to the success of the approach. Farmer participatory breeding process was also sustainable and more efficient than conventional breeding in varietal selection in yam breeding.

Identification of Polysaccharides from Chinese Yam(Dioscoreae opposite “Qi”) by Infrared Spectroscopy

In this study, the structure of polysaccharides from Chinese yam （Dioscoreae opposite ＂Qi＂） was analyzed and identified by infrared spectroscopy within an infrared spectral range of 400-4 000 cm^-1, Characteristic absorption peaks were observed at 840 cm^-1 （α-glucosidic bond）, 759.21 cm^-1 （xylose）, 830.87 cm^-1 （rhamnose）, 812.81 cm^-1, 876.60 cm^-1 （mannose） and 842.64 cm^-1 （arabinose） in infrared spectra of polysaccharides from D. opposite ＂Qi＂, indicating that D. opposite ＂Qi＂ polysaccharides exist mainly in the form of α-glucosidic bonds, including xylose, rhamnose, mannose and arabinose. The experimental results could provide the basis for quantitative analysis, development and application of polysaccharides from D. opposite ＂Qi＂.

Polyphenol Oxidase Activity and Inhibition in White Yam （Dioscorea Rotundata. Var. Laasirin） Chips as African Fries for Human Consumption

Polyphenol oxidase, a bi-functional enzyme, has been implicated in enzymatic browning of yam and other tubers in a negative way. The objective of this present study was to examine the activity of polyphenol oxidase in Dioscorea rotundata. Var. laasirin and the efficiency of heat and chemical treatments in inhibiting this enzyme. Crude Polyphenol Oxidase （PPO） of Dioscorea rotundata.Var. Laasirin was isolated and the kinetics studied using the lineweaver-burk plot. The activity of the enzyme was evaluated using spectrophotomeric method. Yam PPO catalyzes oxidation of various substrates with catechol being the most readily oxidized substrate. The Michaelis-Menten constant （Km） and maximum reaction velocity （Vmax） for yam PPO were 0.00037 and 0.3125 respectively. Inhibition data showed that the enzyme had least activity （71.70） when blanched at 95℃ for 7 mins with chemical treatment involving a combination of 0.5% Sodium metabisulphite （Food grade） and 0.5% Ascorbic acid （Food grade）. The activity was highest （83.02） when it was blanched at 95 ℃ for 7 rains. This study has shown that it is possible to inhibit polyphenol oxidase activity in white yam using the chemical pretreatments and processing conditions described in this study for possible adoption in the production of packaged frozen yam chips by food industries.

Effect of Plant Growth Hormones and Liquid Fertilizer on Rooting and Tuberization of Yam (<i>Dioscorea rotundata</i>Poir.) Vine Cuttings

Vine cutting is an effective solution to solve the problem of seed availability in yam cultivation. This study was conducted to improve the recovery and rooting rate of vine cuttings of Dioscorea rotundata. Two-node cuttings from five (5)-month-old hybrid plants were grown in liquid media consisting of phytohormones (AIA3 and GA3) and liquid fertilizer (NPK 8-8-8) at different concentrations. Observations were made weekly from the 21st day after transplanting and focused on the survival rate of the cuttings, the number of roots emitted and the number of minitubers initiated. The results obtained showed a significant effect of the different growing media on the survival rate, rooting and production of minitubers. The best survival rates were obtained for cuttings grown in NPK (8-8-8) at 0.25% (100%) and AIA3 at 25 ppm (93.3%). The highest averages root number was recorded with growing media containing 0.25% NPK 8-8-8 (20.3) and 25 ppm AIA3 (17.7). Growing media with 0.25% NPK (8-8-8) and 25 ppm AIA3 provided the highest average numbers of minitubers initiated, respectively 5 and 4.6. Growing medium containing 0.25% NPK 8-8-8 has been identified as the one that allows better roots emission and minitubers production by yam vines cuttings.

Analysis of Tuber Yield- and Maturity- Related Traits in Water Yam （Dioscorea alata L.）

Inadequate yield potential of available varieties and their long growth periods are two of the factors limiting yam （Dioscorea spp.） production. Identifying yield- and maturity-related traits and breeding for them will enhance production. Ten morphological/physiological traits： time of shoot emergence, time of tuber initiation, plant height, shoot dry weight, time of shoot senescence, tuber fresh weight （tuber yield）, tuber number/plant, tuber parenchyma colour, tuber dry matter content and tuber dormancy period were assessed in eight accessions of D. alata L. （water yam） on the field in 2008 and 2009. Tuber yield-related traits were identified as shoot dry weight and time of shoot emergence. Shoot dry weight had the strongest positive effect; time of shoot emergence had a negative effect. High yielding accessions had a high shoot dry weight, but were low in tuber dry matter content. Uniform tuber parenchyma colour was the sole trait related to tuber maturity, but early and late senescing accessions did not consistently differ in the trait. TDa 00/00103 is high yielding and early maturing and may be used as a parent for breeding for high yield and early maturity in D. alata.

Cultivar and Soil Fertilizer Treatment Affect Seed Production of Sweet Yellow Yam (<i>Dioscorea dumetorum</i>) on Highly Acidic Soils of the Western Highlands Region of Cameroon

The popularization of Dioscorea dumetorum (Dioscoreaceae), a nutritious yam species is still marginal due to constraints such as the low interest of research, poor cultural practices, insufficient and expensive seeds, pests, and diseases. The latter pushes producers to use about 50% of their harvest as seed for the next planting season. The lack of a specific fertilizer formulation for yam production on the oxysols of Cameroon is another constraint. This study was aimed at enhancing the availability of quality seeds through the characterization of five yam accessions. One experiment was performed to determine the effect of cultivar and origin of tuber sets on their germination rate. The second concerned the evaluation of cultivars and soil treatment effects on agronomic parameters of yam seedlings. Yam cultivars were subjected to nine fertilizer formulations as follows: T0: no fertilizer;T1: mycorrhizal fungi (MF) + 150 g manure + peanut waste;T2: 25 g chemical fertilizer (20.10.10);T3: MF + peanut waste;T4: 16 g chemical fertilizer (12.6.20);T5: 25 g (20.10.10) +100 g CaO + 150 g manure;T6: 100 g CaO + 150 g manure;T7: 20 g tropicote + 2 g DAP (Diammonium phosphate, a reference starter fertilizer coded N18P46) + 100 g CaO + 150 g manure;and T8: mycorrhiza. These treatments were tested in a factorial design. Results show that Ibo sweet 3 and Mabondji sweet white 1 yam accessions were less affected by anthracnose disease on the aerial parts. Guzang 1 showed the best germination rate and yield, making it appropriate for cultivation in the region. Soil treatments, T2, T5, T7 and T8 significantly increased the yield of yam cultivars. Mycorrhiza treatment alone gave a better response to seed weight, indicating the interest of this biofertilizer as a solution for good seedling production. These fertilizer treatments can be recommended to farmers for more seed production with optimum seed weight (300 g).

叶喷水杨酸对山药(Dioscorea alata L.)地下块茎蔗糖—淀粉转化影响(英文)

【目的】阐明叶喷水杨酸(SA)对山药地下块茎蔗糖—淀粉转化的影响,为了解山药蔗糖转化机制、提高其淀粉形成提供参考。【方法】设置SA 0.0(对照)、0.5、1.0和5.0 mmol/L 4个处理,在山药(Dioscorea alata L.)"白扁"地下块茎形成的早期和后期分别进行叶面喷施,定期采样测定地下块茎主要碳水化合物含量和蔗糖裂解与淀粉形成的相关酶活性。【结果】除5.0 mmol/L SA处理的后期地下块茎总可溶性糖(TSS)含量急剧增加外,地下块茎的TSS、蔗糖、葡萄糖、果糖、淀粉、直链淀粉(AM)、支链淀粉(AP)和纤维素的含量在其他处理间的变化趋势相同。与对照相比,0.5mmol/L与5.0 mmol/L SA处理对山药地下块茎的影响作用相反,前者不仅显著提高了蔗糖合成酶(SuSase)、酸性转化酶(SAInv)、细胞壁结合酸性转化酶(CWBAInv)、中性转化酶(NInv)等酶的活性,而且显著增加腺苷二磷酸焦磷酸化酶(AGPase)、可溶性淀粉合成酶(SSS)、颗粒结合淀粉合成酶(GBSS)、淀粉分支酶(SBE)等酶的活性,1.0 mmol/L仅在块茎发育中期对上述酶有微小的促进作用。所有SA处理中,虽然蔗糖含量与SuSase及淀粉合成相关酶的活性呈不显著正相关,但蔗糖与总可溶性糖含量的比率与这些酶活性及淀粉含量成显著正相关。葡萄糖、果糖含量及它们所占总可溶性糖的比率与上述酶的活性分别呈显著负相关,葡萄糖与果糖的比率与上述酶的活性无显著相关性,蔗糖与葡萄糖、果糖的比率均与AGPase、SSS、GBSS的活性呈显著正相关。【结论】叶面喷施SA在山药地下块茎发育过程中通过作用于蔗糖裂解和淀粉合成相关酶的活性来影响蔗糖的运输和流向,小于1.0 mmol/L的SA通过提高酶活性来促进蔗糖转运入山药地下块茎并转化成淀粉,而其他浓度SA具有相反的作用。

In vitro modulation of TH1 and TH2 cytokine expression by edible tuber of Dioscorea alata and study of correlation patterns of the cytokine expression

The underground tuber of Dioscorea alata is a palatable food and is also claimed to have therapeutic effects.Various groups of researchers demonstrated different activities of this tuber such as antioxidant,hepatoprotective,anti-ulcer and anti-diabetic activities.Therefore,the aim of the present study was to evaluate the immunomodulatory potentialities of 70%hydro-methanolic extract of D.alata underground tubers by investigating different parameters like the expression of interferon gamma(IFN-),interleukin(IL)-2,IL-4 and IL-10,in addition to its effect on the proliferation of murine splenic T-lymphocytes in vitro.Results demonstrated that D.alata can actively polarize the TH0 lymphocyte population towards the expression of TH1 immune response by up-regulating the IFN-and IL-2 expression and down-regulating the IL-4 and IL-10 expression.The tuber extract also proved to possess mitogenic activity as evidenced by the proliferation of lymphocytes in vitro.©2014 Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.All rights reserved.

Acetone Extract of <i>Dioscorea alata</i>Inhibits Cell Proliferation in Cancer Cells

Dioscorea spp., White Yam has been shown to exhibit a wide range of nutritional and medicinal properties. However, the compounds associated with its medicinal functions have not been fully examined. The purpose of this study was to generate a chemoinformatic profile of the bioactive compounds present in Dioscorea. alata (D. alata) and to characterize their putative anti-cancer properties using prostate (DU145) and lung (A549) cancer cells. Chemoinformatic profiling of D. alata resulted in five bioactive extracts: hexane (DaJa-1), ether (DaJa-2), acetone (DaJa-3), ethanol (DaJa-4) and water (DaJa-5) were generated. The analytes present in the five bioactive extracts were dissolved in 0.1% DMSO and their anti-cancer activity were determined. We observed that the acetone extract (DaJa3) was the only extract capable of inducing greater than 90% cell death of DU 145 cell at 100 μg/mL. The order of growth inhibition of the extracts in DU-145 cell is DaJa-3 (IC50, 31.45 μg/mL) > DaJa-4 (IC50 60 μg/mL) > DaJa-1 (IC50 > 100 μg/mL) ≥ DaJa-2 (IC50 > 100 μg/mL) ≥ DaJa-5 (IC50 > 100 μg/mL). MTT cell viability, dye exclusion, caspase activity and microscopic assessment of apoptotic cells demonstrated that DaJa-3 displayed cytotoxicity to both lung and prostate cancer cells. The A549 cells were more sensitive toward DaJa-3 with an IC50 value of 22.28 μg/mL (CI 28.42 to 36.63 μg/mL), compared to that of DU145 cells with an IC50 value of 31.45 μg/mL (CI 27.58 to 35.86 μg/mL). It was also observed that DaJa-3 induces differential anti-proliferative activity in the cancer cells. The apoptotic response induced by DaJa-3 paralleled the level of cell cytotoxicity observed in both cell lines. DaJa-3 induces G2 phase cell cycle arrest in DU145 cells but G1 arrest in A549 cells. The level of key apoptotic regulator proteins was upregulated, suggested that DaJa-3 may be mediating its anti-cancer effect through activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Altogether, our data indicates that DaJa-3 derived from a staple food source (white Yam) contains unique active compounds that have specific biological properties that may prevent certain types of cancer or specific types of cancer.

山药块茎生长膨大相关基因的筛选与分析

为筛选山药块茎生长膨大相关基因,采用生物信息学方法,对山药块茎发育前期和中期构建的不同发育阶段抑制性消减杂交(suppression subtractive hybridization,SSH)文库进行分析。结果表明:山药块茎发育前期与中期差异表达基因(differential expression genes,DEGs)序列主要涉及九大类,其中发育调控占比最大(27.1%),其他依次为细胞组织结构(14.0%)、物质代谢(11.2%)、生物合成(4.7%)等。初步筛选出泛素-连接酶体(F-box associated,F-box)、碳酸酐酶(carbonic anhydrase,CAs)、核苷二磷酸激酶(nucleoside diphosphate kinase,NDPK)、氨基酸透性酶(amino acid permease)、糖基转移酶(glycosyl transferase)、α-淀粉酶(α-amylase,AMY)等候选基因,它们可能与细胞增殖、细胞伸长、激素代谢、酸碱环境调节及功能物质代谢物等功能有关,参与调控山药块茎的生长膨大。

山药对肉仔鸡营养代谢及血液生理生化指标的影响研究

选用商品代艾维茵白羽肉鸡60只,随机分成5组,于28～35日龄用全收粪法进行消化代谢试验,并通过测定其血液生化指标,研究山药对肉仔鸡营养物质利用的影响.结果表明：代谢能以杆菌肽锌组最高,比对照组高8.69%,差异显著 （P〈0.05）,其次为2%添加组,比对照组提高7.23%,差异不显著（P〉0.05）.干物质代谢率2%添加组与对照组差异显著（P〈0.05）,其他各试验组与对照组相比差异均不显著（P〉0.05）.各山药处理组与杆菌肽锌组相比差异均不显著（P〉0.05）.粗蛋白和粗脂肪的代谢率各组间差异均不显著（P〉0. 05）.山药和抗生素的添加对血清总蛋白、白蛋白含量的影响并没达到显著性水平（P〉0.05）,但均有提高的趋势,其中以添加2%山药组最高.添加山药可降低血清中胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白的含量,升高高密度脂蛋白的含量.其中2%添加组低密度脂蛋白含量与杆菌肽锌处理组相比,显著低于杆菌肽锌组（P〈0.05）.2%山药添加组总胆固醇含量最低,高密度脂蛋白含量最高,与其他各处理组相比差异均不显著（P〉0.05）.

淮山生食性研究

目的:研究淮山鲜薯去皮生食的可食性。方法:以桂淮2号、5号、6号鲜薯为材料,测定淮山鲜薯的营养成分,检测其毒性、重金属含量、农药残留等,评价生食口感、食味及安全性。结果:淮山鲜薯营养丰富,含淀粉17.09%、蛋白质2.61%、可溶性糖5.38%、氨基酸总量1.68%(共18种),其中7种为人体必需氨基酸,Fe、Zn、Cu含量分别为3.9、3.12、1.59mg/kg;淮山鲜薯重金属含量及农药残留量符合无公害蔬菜技术标准,安全,无毒性;淮山鲜薯去皮生食被受试人群接受。结论:淮山鲜薯去皮生食,营养丰富、安全。

不同山药品种尿囊素含量的测定

以山药（Dioscorea opposita）皮和山药粉为原料,通过水超声波提取尿囊素,采用Agilent ZORBAX Ecilipse XDB-C18液相色谱柱,以0.025 mol/L磷酸二氢钠缓冲液（pH 3.0）-甲醇（95/5,V/V）为流动相,检测波长224 nm,建立了山药粉和山药皮中尿囊素的测定方法,结果表明该方法在0.1-1 mg/m L范围内与峰面积呈良好线性关系,平均回收率为96.77%,RSD为1.90%,该法条件稳定、操作简单、精密度及回收率较好,定量结果准确可靠,适用于分析3种山药的山药皮和山药粉中的尿囊素含量。

淮山药种质资源主要农艺性状遗传多样性分析

【目的】探讨我国不同地区淮山药种质资源农艺性状的遗传多样性、亲缘关系及分类特征,为淮山药品种选育及生产利用提供参考。【方法】对收集的44份淮山药种质资源的19个农艺性状进行调查,通过遗传多样性分析、聚类分析与主成分分析,探讨其遗传多样性、亲缘关系及分类特征。【结果】44份淮山药种质资源形态性状间具有较高的多样性。在12个质量性状中,遗传多样性指数最高的是叶形(1.53),其次是薯皮颜色(1.51);薯形的频率分布最高(93.18%),其次为薯肉颜色(90.91%)和茎蔓形状(81.82%)。在7个数量性状中,多样性指数最高的是薯块长度(1.89),其次是生育期(1.84)和薯块径粗(1.77);变异系数最大的是单株产量(79.25%),其次为薯块径粗(42.21%)和单株结薯数(35.62%),最小的为生育期(17.57%)。根据各农艺性状的遗传差异,可将44份淮山药种质聚为四大类群;第Ⅰ类群种质均来源于广西,可作为有增产潜力的加工型亲本材料;第Ⅱ类群种质主要来源于广西,可作为高产选育目标亲本;第Ⅲ类群种质主要来自南方地区,均是人工栽培的野生类型品种,为一般性亲本;第Ⅳ类群种质主要来源于北方省区的种质,可作为一般性早熟选育亲本。主成分分析结果表明,前6个主成分累计贡献率达83.73%,第一主成分反映高产株型综合因子,第二主成分反映加工株型因子,第三主成分反映植株结薯因子,第四、五、六主成分分别反映薯块、薯皮颜色和茎蔓颜色因子。【结论】我国淮山药主要地方栽培种质资源间农艺性状差异明显,具有丰富的遗传多样性,其亲缘关系呈现一定地域生态环境规律;南方地区在品种选育中应注重对第一、第二主成分的选择。

瑞昌山药根际真菌多样性及溶磷菌株筛选

采用平板稀释法从瑞昌山药根际土壤中共分离获得根际真菌64株,分别属于13个属、4个科、3个目、3个纲。在鉴定的13属根际真菌中,曲霉属为优势属,其次是青霉属和木霉属。利用溶磷圈法从中获得3株具有溶磷效果真菌菌株。通过土壤理化性质的测定,分析根际真菌物种多样性与土壤养分的关系,结果显示,根际真菌种类和数量与土壤的养分含量呈正相关。

微波膨化山药脆片的加工工艺研究

以新鲜蕲春山药(Dioscorea opposita)为材料,采用微波膨化工艺,开发一种新型的山药脆片。通过分析比较,考察了山药片厚度、氯化钠溶液浓度、干燥时间、微波功率及膨化时间对山药脆片脆度和色度(b*值)的影响。结果表明,当山药片厚度为1.5 mm、氯化钠溶液的浓度为3%、70℃条件下干燥80 min、微波功率420 W、微波膨化时间60 s时,山药片的脆度值为6.917,色度(b*值)为13.62,介于最佳范围内。在此工艺条件下制得的山药脆片含水量为0.44%,总糖含量为14.11%,氨基酸含量为9.89%。所得到的山药脆片产品组织饱满、口感松脆、咸淡适中、颜色金黄、无焦化现象,具有山药的清香气味。

基于形态学标记的山药种质资源遗传多样性研究

对收集的66份山药种质资源的19个农艺性状进行调查,通过遗传多样性分析、聚类分析与主成分分析,探讨其遗传多样性、亲缘关系及分类特征。结果表明,在15个质量性状中,遗传多样性指数最高的是叶片缺裂(1.18),其次是地下块茎形状(1.17)。叶脉数频率分布最高(92.65%),其次为叶先端渐尖(89.71%)。根据各农艺性状的遗传差异,可将66份淮山药种质聚为二大类群;第Ⅰ类群种质均为薯蓣,第Ⅱ类群种质为参薯。主成分分析结果表明,前5个主成分累计贡献率达76.496%,第一主成分反映高产株型综合因子,第二主成分反映山药抗病性因子,第三和第四主成分反应山药地下块茎形状因子,第五主成分反映地下块茎颜色。通过以上研究,为山药品种选育及生产利用提供参考。