Quality-adjusted life years and surgical waiting list:Systematic review of the literature

BACKGROUND The quality-adjusted life year(QALY)is a metric that is increasingly used today in the field of health economics to evaluate the value of different medical treatments and procedures.Surgical waiting lists(SWLs)represent a pressing problem in public healthcare.The QALY measure has rarely been used in the context of surgery.It would be interesting to know how many QALYs are lost by patients on SWLs.AIM To investigate the relationship between QALYs and SWLs in a systematic review of the scientific literature.METHODS The study was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Statement.An unlimited search was carried out in PubMed,updated on January 19,2024.Data on the following variables were investigated and analyzed:Specialty,country of study,procedure under study,scale used to measure QALYs,the use of a theoretical or real-life model,objectives of the study and items measured,the economic value assigned to the QALY in the country in question,and the results and conclusions published.RESULTS Forty-eight articles were selected for the study.No data were found regarding QALYs lost on SWLs.The specialties in which QALYs were studied the most in relation to the waiting list were urology and general surgery,with 15 articles each.The country in which the most studies of QALYs were carried out was the United States(n=21),followed by the United Kingdom(n=9)and Canada(n=7).The most studied procedure was organ transplantation(n=39),including 15 kidney,14 liver,5 heart,4 lung,and 1 intestinal.Arthroplasty(n=4),cataract surgery(n=2),bariatric surgery(n=1),mosaicplasty(n=1),and septoplasty(n=1)completed the surgical interventions included.Thirty-nine of the models used were theoretical(the most frequently applied being the Markov model,n=34),and nine were real-life.The survey used to measure quality of life in 11 articles was the European Quality of Life-5 dimensions,but in 32 articles the survey was not specified.The willingness-to-pay per QALY gained ranged from$100000 in the United States to€20000 in Spain.CONCLUSION The relationship between QALYs and SWLs has only rarely been studied in the literature.The rate of QALYs lost on SWLs has not been determined.Future research is warranted to address this issue.

30-Year Reform and Opening up-Export Review(1978-2008)(Continued)

The year of 1994 was a milestone on a historical road of the textile trade development worldwide. The Final Act concluding the Uruguay Round and officially establishing the WTO regime was signed during ministerial meeting at Marrakesh, Morroco on the 15th of April, 1994, and hence is known as the Marrakesh Agreement. That marked a beginning of quota phase out. China has been on a resolute stance to trade restrictions and protectionism all through quota phase out and post-quota period and will continue to do so when safeguard deal terminates…

30-Year Reform and Opening up——Export Review(1978-2008)

This year marks 30th year commemoration of China's" reform and opening up" policy, the strategic decision made at the 3rd plenarysession of the national party congress' 11th central committee of Communist Party of China (CPC) in Dec. 1978. History made its way to the end of 1978. In December of that particular year, CPC leaders tapped on the table to decide to open up and reform this long-encapsulated country in a milestone conclusion. Thirty years elapsed. Like many other industrial sectors that benefited from this monumental decision, Chinese textile industry has undeniably been growing at a fantastic speed, and its export is on an unrivalled growth in phase...

A Review of Academic Divisions'Work over the Past Two Years

In line with the overall Objectives set out in the"Outline Scheme for the Academic Divisions of theChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) during theNinth Five-year Plan (1996-2000)," CAS has donea good job of the supplementary election of CASmembers and the development of the virtues ofscience and fine style of research. In addihon, con-sultation and appraisal, academic exchanges, andthe popularization of science have progressivelybeen focuses of the academic divisions, and manyaccomplishments have been achieved in these areas.

A Review of Development of Environmental Protection Information during the 12^(th) Five-Year Plan Period and Its Outlook

During the 12^(th)Five-Year Plan period,the environmental protection information work made remarkable achievements,and the construction of nationwide air quality monitoring network was completed; the trinitarian monitoring system was established,and environmental emergency command ability enhanced significantly. However,the issues of " information island" and " application silo" are still outstanding,and the application and promotion of new technologies make slow progress; the capacity of information system to support environmental protection business is insufficient,and there is no capacity for decision analysis. In the 13^(th)Five-Year Plan period,it is needed to strengthen the application and promotion of new technologies such as cloud computing,big data,Internet of Things,and spatial information,mainly construct and improve " Cloud Computing Based Environmental Protection( CCBEP) ", " big data platform of ecological environment",and then realize the core objective of improving environmental quality.

可疑肺栓塞诊断新策略--YEARS评分

肺栓塞是一种误诊率、漏诊率极高的常见肺血管病,早期识别、早期诊治对改善患者预后至关重要。肺动脉造影是确诊肺栓塞的“金标准”,因其昂贵、有创、有辐射暴露风险,在临床已经逐渐被CT肺血管造影取代。但可疑肺栓塞的患者如果未经有效评估,可能导致过度检查及不必要的医疗资源浪费,也增加了患者辐射暴露的风险。为了有效筛查可疑肺栓塞,目前有多种评分模型对可疑肺栓塞进行评估,但传统评分法相对较复杂,不易在临床工作广泛推广使用。YEARS评分是近年来针对可疑肺栓塞进行评估的新型评分模型,其是一种简单、快速的评估肺栓塞可能性的工具,可以安全有效排除可疑肺栓塞患者,该评分标准更为简便,易于记忆和临床推广。但因目前其临床应用研究有限,有待进一步在临床验证该评分的诊断价值。本文就YEARS评分的临床研究做一综述,以期为肺栓塞的诊断提供新思路、新方法。

Systemic lupus erythematosus: year in review 2019

Systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)is an autoimmune disease with extreme heterogeneity and potentially involvement of any organ or system.Numerous unanswered questions and challenges in SLE always prompt further exploration.In 2019,great progress in various aspects of SLE emerged.Both the classification criteria and management recommendation for SLE were updated.New promising medications have been widely developed and tested,although subsequent clinical studies are warranted.As an emerging number of most notable studies in SLE were published in both clinical area and basic research in 2019,we aim to summarize the highest quality data on SLE regarding novel insights of pathogenesis,updated recommendations,hot-spot issues on clinical manifestations,new understanding of disease prognosis,and most importantly,the therapeutic advances in SLE in this review.

Fifteen years' review of advanced childhood neuroblastoma from a single institution in Hong Kong

Objective To assess the progress in the treatment of advanced childhood neuroblastoma.Methods From 1981 to 1996, there were 32 children with neuroblastoma (NB) diagnosed, staged and treated in our institution. There were 4 patients with stage Ⅱ NB (12%), 5 stage Ⅲ (16%), 21 stage Ⅳ (66%) and 2 stage Ⅳs (6%). The NBs were excised if CT scan indicated that the tumors were operable. For advanced NB, stages Ⅲ and Ⅳ, multiple drug chemotherapy was started first and operability was assessed with serial CT scan examinations. Once the X-ray imaging indicated the tumors were operable, surgical interventions were done. The medical records of the advanced NB were reviewed.Results In the initial period of the study, 9 patients were treated using the VAC protocol [vincristine (vcr), adriamycin(adria) and cyclophosphamide (cyc)]. No patient was convertible to operable and all died with a mean survival of 10 months. OPEC [vcr, cyc, VM26, cisplatin (cis)], Rapid COJEC (carboplatin, VP16, vcr, cis and cyc) and more recently N6 protocol (cyc, adria, vcr, VP16, cis) was used for 17 patients. 80% of them were converted to operable. In 4 patients, surgical specimens showed only necrotic tissue without viable tumor tissue and 6 (35%) tumors were converted to ganglioneuroma or ganglioneuroblastoma. Although 2 (12%) patients died of fungal septicemia and 1 (6%) developed Fanconi's syndrome after chemotherapy, the mean survival period increased to 27 months. In the 10 survivors (60%), 4 had megatherapy with melphalan followed by autologous peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) transplantation and 2 were waiting for transplantation. Conclusions There is a high percentage of advanced NB on presentation in Hong Kong. With more potent multiple drug chemotherapy for advanced stage NB there are (1) improvement in the survival of these patients, (2) opportunities for more operations for tumor excision and (3) opportunities for autologous PBSC transplantation for better tumor eradication.

Reviewer statistics of Journal of Palaeogeography of year 2012-2013

The development of Journal of Palaeogeography depends on support from scholars and specialists.Names of scholars and specialists as reviewers for Journal of Palaeogeography in year 2012-2013 are listed below(numbers in the brackets are reviewing times).Great gratitude is extended to them!

Historical Responsibility and Great Trust of the Times——Review and Outlook of 60 Years of Integrative Medicine Clinical Sciences

The founding of China Institute of Chinese Medicine, known now as the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, was proclaimed in December 1955 in Beijing. Premier ZHOU En-lai commemorated the occasion with his inscription extolling ＂to carry forward the heritage of Chinese medicine＂. Just before and after its establishment, the Academy recruited numbers of famous Chinese and Western medicine specialists all over the country to participate in this endeavour.

Review of the Research on Urban Social Problems in Recent Years

In the last 10 years, China has madeconsiderable progress in urbanization withincreasing numbers of both city and urbanpopulation. This has played a positive rolein promoting the country’s political, eco-nomic and cultural development. However,the process of urbanization has broughtalong new problems and contradictionswhich require theoretical exploration.Against this background, urban sociology,

Power Production and Construction in China:Review of Tasks in 2000 and Major Targets and Focal Tasks for 2001

This paper, excerpted from General President Gao Yan’s Speech on the State Power Corporation Working Conference for 2001, held in Shenzhen on December 23-25, 2000, reviews the power production and construction tasks in 2000 and puts forward the major targets and focal tasks of power production and construction for 2001.

Review and Outlook of China's Oil Market in 2015

Growth rate of oil demand rose again in China in the first half of 2015. Demand for oil products went on differentiating, and the demand growth of most products sped up. Growth rate of oil production rose again, oil imports increased rapidly, and external dependence of crude oil and oil broke through 60% separately. The State adjusted the prices of gasoline and diesel timely and frequently, based on pricing mechanism. Price hike was higher than reduction. Oil market got weak, yet more stable. China increased the pace of reforms in marketization. In the second half, oil demand will increase continuously but with lower growth rate, oil production will rise more slowly, imports of crude oil and oil will keep on rising rapidly, gasoline and kerosene as well as diesel will witness a net import, and the market of gasoline, kerosene and diesel will be more stable.

近十年我国0~3岁婴幼儿托育研究综述──基于CiteSpace的可视化分析

0~3婴幼儿托育问题已成为学前教育领域关注的焦点。通过采用Citespace(6.1.R1)软件工具,对2012年至2022年中国知网所收录的关于0~3岁婴幼儿托育的文献进行了可视化分析。研究发现,近十年0~3岁婴幼儿托育研究的文献在数量上呈现明显的上升趋势,但核心作者群尚未形成,研究机构以各师范院校教育学院和中国人口与发展研究中心为主,研究热点主要聚集在婴幼儿托育政策、婴幼儿托育服务和婴幼儿托育服务人才培养方面。目前,0~3岁婴幼儿托育的研究在研究内容、研究方法及研究视角等方面仍有进步和深化的空间。未来,0~3岁婴幼儿托育研究应进一步丰富和深化研究内容,采取多元研究视角并进一步加强定量研究与跨学科研究。

2015 Reviewer Acknowledgment

With the effort of all Editorial Board members and reviewers of the Virologica Sinica(VS),the journal got great progress in the year 2015.VS has been newly indexed by SCIE and the yearly download times on Springerlink have reached the highest record in its history.The Editors of the Virologica Sinica would like to thank all the following reviewers for their excellent work for

五年规划视角下中国共产党文化建设的范式考察

五年规划是由中国共产党领导编制实施的涉及国家经济、政治、文化、社会、生态等领域的中长期战略发展规划。从“一五”计划到“十四五”规划,社会主义文化建设是一以贯之的重要内容。新中国成立70多年以来,十四个五年规划推进文化建设经历了社会主义革命和建设时期、改革开放和社会主义现代化建设新时期以及中国特色社会主义新时代三个历史阶段,呈现出不同的时代主题和实践内容。以五年规划视角来解码中国共产党文化建设,彰显了中国共产党领导的政治优势、马克思主义指导的魂脉优势、中华优秀传统文化的根基优势、以人民为中心的主体优势以及科学系统的思维优势。与此同时,以五年规划推进文化建设在增进人民政治认同、理论认同、价值认同、情感认同上发挥着至关重要的作用。

“植物角”在高三生物学复习教学中的应用

以学校的“植物角”作为大情境,充分运用到高三生物学复习教学中,不仅可激发学生学习生物学的兴趣,还能提高复习教学的课堂效率,促进学生核心素养的培养。

新时代十年的江苏省地方志事业发展述论

2012年中国进入新时代的发展轨道以来,江苏省的地方志事业分别在新志编纂、年鉴出版、旧志整理以及信息化推进等方面取得了较快发展与较大成就。在这一过程中,体现了坚持党的领导、为人民修志、与时俱进、逐渐规范化和法治化等时代特点。党的二十大召开以后,江苏省地方志事业的未来发展,也必将在这些成就之上更进一步。

2023年方志学理论研究综述

2023年方志学研究成果丰硕,主要涉及方志学基础理论研究、方志编纂研究、方志事业发展研究、方志史与方志学史研究、志书整理与利用、方志评介与研究、方志人物研究、地方综合年鉴研究8个方面。通过对这些成果的梳理,发现本年度研究具有“修”“用”并重、关注志鉴质量监控、改善研究薄弱点等突破,但也存在着对理论研究关注不足、旧志研究比例过高等问题。为促进地方志事业高质量发展,促进地方志转型,应加大对高质量人才的培养,发展优秀地方志文化,探索地方志服务路径,提升地方志服务能力,以助力地方志学术体系、话语体系构建。