A special kind of rice field exists in China that is flooded year-round. These rice fields have substantially large CH4emissions during the rice-growing season and emit CH4 continuously in the non-rice growing season....A special kind of rice field exists in China that is flooded year-round. These rice fields have substantially large CH4emissions during the rice-growing season and emit CH4 continuously in the non-rice growing season. CH4 emission factors were used to estimate the CH4 emissions from year-round flooded rice fields during the rice-growing season in China.The CH4 emissions for the year-round flooded rice fields in China for the rice growing season over a total area of 2.66Mha were estimated to be 2.44 Tg CH4 year-1. The uncertainties of these estimations are discussed as well. However,the emissions during the non-rice growing season could not be estimated because of limited available data. Nevertheless,methane emissions from rice fields that were flooded year-round could be several times higher than those from the rice fields drained in the non-rice-growing season. Thus, the classification of 'continuously flooded rice fields' in the IPCC(International Panel on Climate Change) Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories is suggested to be revised and divided into 'continuously flooded rice fields during the rice growing season' and 'year-round flooded rice fields'.展开更多
Greenhouse vegetable production in Canadian Prairies is important for creating a sustainable regional food economy,especially in northern communities.This study included the estimation of heating demand for year-round...Greenhouse vegetable production in Canadian Prairies is important for creating a sustainable regional food economy,especially in northern communities.This study included the estimation of heating demand for year-round production and evaluation of the economic feasibility of greenhouse vegetable production(tomato,cucumber,and pepper)in a conceptually designed greenhouse(0.6 ha)located in remote northern communities in Saskatchewan,Canada.The heating simulation was based on a greenhouse heating simulation model(GREENHEAT)developed by the authors recently.The simulation results showed that the annual heating requirement for the production of tomato,cucumber,and pepper are 1486 MJ m^2,1657 MJ m^2,and 1754 MJ m^2,respectively.The economic analysis indicates the net return(NR)from the production of tomato,cucumber,and pepper,are C$69.2/m^2(in Canadian dollar,CAD),C$41.5/m^2,and C$43.8/m^2,respectively,based on the market price C$3.5/kg,C$2.7/kg,and C$8.0/kg,and yields of 55.0 kg m^-2,65.0 kg m^-2,and 23.0 kg m^-2.The net present value(NPV)for the tomato,cucumber,and pepper production are C$1.9 M,C$1.2 M,and C$1.1 M,respectively,and the benefit-cost ratio(BCR)are 1.38,1.21,and 1.21.The economic feasibility analysis indicates the year-round production of vegetables in a greenhouse at remote northern Saskatchewan would be economically profitable.展开更多
Jujube Witches’ Broom (JWB), caused by phytoplasma, is the most serious and destructive disease of Chinese Jujube. The distribution and year_round concentration variation of JWB phytoplasma were studied under fluores...Jujube Witches’ Broom (JWB), caused by phytoplasma, is the most serious and destructive disease of Chinese Jujube. The distribution and year_round concentration variation of JWB phytoplasma were studied under fluorescence microscope using DAPI. The results showed that phytoplasma might exist in the sieve tubes of all organs, phytoplasma contents varied with organs, sides of organs and growing seasons, phytoplasma usually existed in the roots of the same direction with diseased branches. The uneven_distribution could be observed much often in lightly diseased trees than in seriously diseased one. In roots, the content of phytoplasma was highest in May, relatively low in June, July and August, and lowest in December to March. In branches, the content of phytoplasma increased gradually with the rising of the temperature after bud sprouting in April and May, then increased dramatically and reached peak in July and August, thereafter decreased in autumn. From December to February, there was still a large amount of phytoplasma in diseased branches. The content of phytoplasma in branches kept higher than in roots throughout a year.展开更多
文摘A special kind of rice field exists in China that is flooded year-round. These rice fields have substantially large CH4emissions during the rice-growing season and emit CH4 continuously in the non-rice growing season. CH4 emission factors were used to estimate the CH4 emissions from year-round flooded rice fields during the rice-growing season in China.The CH4 emissions for the year-round flooded rice fields in China for the rice growing season over a total area of 2.66Mha were estimated to be 2.44 Tg CH4 year-1. The uncertainties of these estimations are discussed as well. However,the emissions during the non-rice growing season could not be estimated because of limited available data. Nevertheless,methane emissions from rice fields that were flooded year-round could be several times higher than those from the rice fields drained in the non-rice-growing season. Thus, the classification of 'continuously flooded rice fields' in the IPCC(International Panel on Climate Change) Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories is suggested to be revised and divided into 'continuously flooded rice fields during the rice growing season' and 'year-round flooded rice fields'.
文摘Greenhouse vegetable production in Canadian Prairies is important for creating a sustainable regional food economy,especially in northern communities.This study included the estimation of heating demand for year-round production and evaluation of the economic feasibility of greenhouse vegetable production(tomato,cucumber,and pepper)in a conceptually designed greenhouse(0.6 ha)located in remote northern communities in Saskatchewan,Canada.The heating simulation was based on a greenhouse heating simulation model(GREENHEAT)developed by the authors recently.The simulation results showed that the annual heating requirement for the production of tomato,cucumber,and pepper are 1486 MJ m^2,1657 MJ m^2,and 1754 MJ m^2,respectively.The economic analysis indicates the net return(NR)from the production of tomato,cucumber,and pepper,are C$69.2/m^2(in Canadian dollar,CAD),C$41.5/m^2,and C$43.8/m^2,respectively,based on the market price C$3.5/kg,C$2.7/kg,and C$8.0/kg,and yields of 55.0 kg m^-2,65.0 kg m^-2,and 23.0 kg m^-2.The net present value(NPV)for the tomato,cucumber,and pepper production are C$1.9 M,C$1.2 M,and C$1.1 M,respectively,and the benefit-cost ratio(BCR)are 1.38,1.21,and 1.21.The economic feasibility analysis indicates the year-round production of vegetables in a greenhouse at remote northern Saskatchewan would be economically profitable.
文摘Jujube Witches’ Broom (JWB), caused by phytoplasma, is the most serious and destructive disease of Chinese Jujube. The distribution and year_round concentration variation of JWB phytoplasma were studied under fluorescence microscope using DAPI. The results showed that phytoplasma might exist in the sieve tubes of all organs, phytoplasma contents varied with organs, sides of organs and growing seasons, phytoplasma usually existed in the roots of the same direction with diseased branches. The uneven_distribution could be observed much often in lightly diseased trees than in seriously diseased one. In roots, the content of phytoplasma was highest in May, relatively low in June, July and August, and lowest in December to March. In branches, the content of phytoplasma increased gradually with the rising of the temperature after bud sprouting in April and May, then increased dramatically and reached peak in July and August, thereafter decreased in autumn. From December to February, there was still a large amount of phytoplasma in diseased branches. The content of phytoplasma in branches kept higher than in roots throughout a year.
