Novel yellow colored flame compositions with superior spectral performance

The production of colored flames is the primary purpose of military signaling, projectile tracing, and illuminating devices. Certain elements and compounds when heated to high temperature have the unique property of emitting lines or narrow bands in the visible region(380-780 nm). This study, reports on the development of novel yellow colored flame compositions with enhanced spectral performance in terms of luminous intensity, and color quality to standard Russian yellow tracer. The light intensity and the imprint spectra of developed yellow flares were measured using digital luxmeter and UV e Vis. spectrometer respectively. The main giving of this study is that the light intensity, and color quality of Russian yellow tracer were improved by 287%, and 170% respectively. This was accomplished by means of optimizing the ratio of novel binder to color source using aluminum metal fuel. Aluminumbased formulations were found to maximize the formation of yellow reactive emitting specimens, and to eliminate any interfering incandescent emission resulted from Mg O. Quantification of yellow color emitting specimens in the combustion gaseous products was achieved using chemical equilibrium thermodynamic code named ICT(Institute of Chemical Technology in Germany, Virgin 2008); in an attempt to judge the light quality. This improvement in yellow flare performance established the rule that the emission intensity increases as the reaction temperature increases. In the meantime upper limit of temperature was avoided to maximize the color quality.

The Yellow Spot Pattern of Salamander (Salamandra infraimmaculata) in Various Habitats at the Southern Border of Its Distribution in Israel

The present study describes the different color-pattern phenotypes of yellow spots on the black back of Salamandra infraimmaculata in various habitats at the southern border of its distribution in Israel. At Tel Dan, we photographed 454 salamanders in moist habitats where water flows year round;100 of these were sampled to measure the percentage of yellow and black color on the back, and the number of spots on the head. At Kibbutz Sasa, 201 salamanders were photographed, of which 62 were sampled for the measurements. In Kibbutz Yehiam, 200 salamanders were photographed, and 60 were sampled for the measurements. At all sites, about a third of the salamanders were photographed more than once. For all three populations, yellow spots on the salamander back were found in one row, two rows or scattered. For two indices (proportion of yellow/black and number of spots on the head), the Dan population (under wet, running water all year round conditions) differed from the two other populations of salamanders (under semi-arid mountain conditions). The number of yellow spots on the head of the salamanders in the three populations varied from 1 to 7. In all populations, 4 spots pattern was the most common. In the Dan population, there were significantly more salamanders with 1 to 3 spots on their head than in the Sasa or Yehiam populations. No difference was found in the number of head spots for Sasa vs. Yehiam salamanders. The percentage of yellow on the black back was significantly larger for the Dan salamanders vs. the two other populations. The main question examined was whether there is an effect of the habitat conditions in isolated populations on the spot pattern on the salamander back. The answer is positive and is supported by previous studies.

不同贮藏方式对黄变发酵萝卜贮藏稳定性的影响

为了探究不同包装(真空、盐水)及温度(10℃、20℃、30℃)对黄变发酵萝卜贮藏期间品质的影响,对不同贮存方式的萝卜在贮藏过程中颜色参数、质构及理化指标变化进行分析测定。结果表明,10℃条件下盐水包装能更好稳定萝卜的金黄色泽,延缓萝卜L*值下降、褐变及质构软化。10℃条件下贮藏7 d,盐水包装萝卜L*值、硬度、咀嚼性分别为66.04、10621.81 N、3331.42 mJ,比其他处理组分别高2.93%~31.68%、0.48%~27.65%、3.44%~48.07%;10℃条件下贮藏14 d,盐水包装萝卜还原糖为4.77 g/100 g,比其他组高2.80%~26.19%,细菌对数值降低0.42~0.96 lg(CFU/mL),完全抑制乳酸菌和酵母菌生长。10℃贮藏过程中,盐水包装萝卜pH较稳定,亚硝酸盐未超标(<1.0 mg/kg)且显著低于其他处理(P<0.05)。因此,10℃条件下盐水包装可维持萝卜在贮藏过程中的品质,延缓萝卜褐变,稳定萝卜的金黄色泽和质构。

汉英颜色词“黄”(yellow)之国俗语义探析

汉语中"黄"和英语中"yellow"这对颜色词及其构成的词语都具有丰富的国俗语义。在语义上有同有异;在修辞上有褒有贬。研究颜色词语中所承载的国俗语义在跨文化交际中有很大的实用价值。本文拟对其国俗语义异同并存现象作一探讨、对比,以期对跨文化交际、翻译与教学等方面有所裨益。

新型黄成色剂在彩色相纸中的应用研究

本文分析了新型黄成色剂的结构及紫外-可见光谱吸收曲线,并将其与酰基乙酰苯胺型应用于彩色相纸涂布工艺,结果表明,邻苯磺酰胺杂环替代型黄成色剂具有较高偶合活性及照相活性,且所形成的染料具有优异的耐晒稳定性。

A "Yellow Cap" on Quaternary Red Clay in Jiujiang,Jiangxi Province

A thin layer of yellow-brown-colored earth was generally found on Quaternary red clay in Jiujiang,Jiangxi Province. A typical profile was established. Both particle size distribution and REE (rare earthelements) characteristics of the yellow-brown-colored earth of the profile fully suggested its aeolian origin andclose similarity to Naming Xiashu loess. The study also implied aeolian origin of the underlying Quaternaryred clap Compared with the red clay, the yellow- brown- colored earth was less weathered because of its lowercontent of free iron and higher mole ratios of SiO2/A12O3 and SiO2/(Fe2O3+A12O3 ) as well as its lessdeveloped chemical microtextures of quartz grains.In order to study the aged of the two deposits comparatively, the thermoluminescent dating method wasused. As a result, the bottom of the yellow-brown-colored esrth was dated to 6015 ka B. P. and the upperpart of the red clay 38854 ka B. P. It was suggested that the yellow- browm- colored earth was formed inthe Late Pleistocene and was probably the aeolian deposit of the Last Glacial, which corresponded with theMalan loess in the Loess Plateau of the northwestern part of China; while the underlying red clay was formedin the Middle Pleistocene.A "yellow cap" on Quaternary red clay in Jiujiang implied a great climatic and environmental varistionin the beginning of the Late Pleistocene in the southern pot of China, especially in the middle and lowerreaches of the Yangtze River. The eveal not only halted the rubification, once dominating the region, butalso produced a widespread covering of aeolian deposit, as only occurred in the cold and dry environment.

A Comparison Study on Flesh Quality of Large Yellow Croaker (Larimichthys croceus) Cultured with Three Different Modes

To compare the flesh quality of large yellow croaker cultured with three different modes, enclosure culture(EC), cage culture with feeding trash fish(CCF) and cage culture with feeding formula diet(CCD), thirty six fish individuals of EC(484.6 ± 79.8 g), CCF(432.7 ± 87.9 g) and CCD(416.9 ± 49.5 g) were sampled to measure body color, flesh water holding capacity, flesh proximate composition, amino acids and fatty acids composition, and collagen and inosinic acid contents. The analysis showed that there was no significant difference in the yellowness of skin and the contents of crude protein and inosinic acid between CCD and EC(P > 0.05), and the two modes showed higher values than CCF(P < 0.05). Most of the amino acids(AA) in flesh were higher in EC than in CCF(P < 0.05), but CCD showed no difference in AA composition from the other two modes(P > 0.05). EC and CCD had higher contents of collagen, free AA and lower drip loss than CC(P < 0.05). In polyunsaturated fatty acids, EC showed significantly higher levels of C20:5 n-3 and C22:6 n-3 than CCF and CCD(P < 0.05), but CCD had significantly higher C18:2 n-6 than CCF and EC(P < 0.05). In conclusion, the flesh quality of CCD fish is similar to EC fish, and these two modes have better flesh quality than CCF.

Comparison and Contrast in Color Symbolism between Chinese and English Languages

In our daily life,when we use color to describe feelings,we often use their associative meanings rather than literal meanings.Therefore,knowing the differences and similarities of color symbolism in both Chinese and English is necessary,because it not only increases our knowledge but also helps us understand different cultures.This paper uses yellow and red to compare and contrast the color symbolism between the Chinese and English language.

不同光色条件下京海黄鸡垂体转录组功能分析

【目的】对不同光色条件下京海黄鸡垂体进行转录组测序分析,了解不同光色条件下京海黄鸡垂体的表达谱,旨在筛选出红光影响京海黄鸡生殖激素合成的关键基因,为提高种鸡产蛋性能提供理论基础。【方法】红光组京海黄鸡产蛋量(90.61枚)显著高于白光组(87.44枚)(P<0.05)。选取红光和白光条件下京海黄鸡各3只,采集其垂体进行高通量测序,利用HISAT和DESeq等方法获得差异表达基因(DEGs)进行GO功能注释和KEGG信号通路富集分析。【结果】通过高通量测序获得4892794884~4980565639条Raw reads,比对到参考基因组的read比对率在92.00%以上,GC含量为48.54%~49.11%。将红光和白光条件下京海黄鸡的垂体进行比较,共获得155个DEGs,其中红光组与白光组(RP vs WP)相比,有90个基因表达上调和65个基因表达下调。对DEGs进行GO功能注释分析,主要在生物调控、细胞过程、细胞、细胞组分、连接和催化活性功能等重要生物途径。KEGG信号通路分析结果显示,DEGs主要富集在细胞因子—细胞因子受体相互作用、类固醇激素的生物合成通路、视黄醇的新陈代谢、花生四烯酸代谢、神经活性配体—受体相互作用等信号通路,这些通路中的促性腺激素释放激素基因(GNRH1)、分泌型磷蛋白1基因(SPP1)、信号转导蛋白1基因(SMAD1)、骨形态形成蛋白拮抗蛋白2抗体基因(GREM2)和表皮调节素基因(EREG)等表达可能受光色的影响,从而影响种鸡的产蛋性能。实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)结果证明了转录组测序结果准确可靠。【结论】与白光相比,红光能显著提高京海黄鸡的产蛋量。筛选获得的GNRH1、SPP1、SMAD1、GREM2和EREG等基因可能在光色调控京海黄鸡产蛋性能中发挥重要作用,可作为种鸡垂体组织调控其产蛋性能分子机制研究的关键基因。

COLOR CHARACTERISTICS OF BINARY COPPER-BASE ALLOYS

The effect of Al, Zn, Sn, Mn, Si and Ni on the color characteristics of binary copper-base alloys has been researched systematically and quantitatively. The results show that all alloying elements decrease the red content of an alloy at different levels but have different effects on the yellow color. Al and Zn enhance the yellow content of an alloy, whereas Sn, Mn, Si and Ni decrease the yellow content. When the alloys with different karat gold colors are imitated, Al and Zn are the most important color mixing elements and Sn, Mn, Si and Ni can be used as auxiliary.

学术性质的继承与创新——记广东漆艺家程智的多向探索

本文介绍了广州程智复制法门寺地宫文物“髹漆银釦金银平脱黄釉秘色瓷碗”、出版《广东髹漆简史》、仿制伦敦维多利亚与艾尔伯特博物馆藏品——广州制“皮胎描金纹章剃须漆碗”以及一边创作漆画、一边进行学术研究的全面造诣,认为当下,这样以实践为主干兼做史论的人才太少太少,这样不断探求、学术性质的继承与创新太少太少。望中国漆艺界多一些像程智这样不谋出镜切实做事的多向探索者。

中国传统色彩文化研究与创新设计转化——以唐代黄色服饰色彩文化研究与还原实验为例

色彩文化是我国传统文化的重要组成部分,是中华传统文化复兴的重要载体。本文以传统色彩文化研究为切入点,通过实验还原唐代黄色服饰色彩谱系,探索色彩文化与生活生产方式的关系,为传统服饰色彩文化设计转化提供了新思路,也为传统色彩文化的传承与发展提供了新动能。

基于遥感反演的浒苔绿潮暴发对有色溶解有机物与叶绿素时空分布特征的影响

浒苔的暴发会对水体生态环境产生巨大的影响,对此进行遥感监测具有十分重要的意义。本文基于现场同步实测的有色溶解有机物(colored dissolved organic matter,CDOM)吸收系数、叶绿素浓度以及光谱数据建立遥感反演模型,再结合MODIS卫星影像提取山东半岛南侧近岸海域在各年份浒苔暴发前后CDOM与叶绿素浓度的时空分布特征。结果表明,浒苔的消亡分解会在水体中产生大量的CDOM,但浒苔的生长繁殖同样会消耗CDOM,此外CDOM还受到浒苔暴发时期强烈的光降解作用。在各种因素的综合作用下,研究区海域CDOM浓度在浒苔暴发时期微弱升高,浒苔消亡后CDOM浓度则开始回落。浒苔在暴发期会抑制其他浮游微藻的生长,使研究区海域叶绿素浓度有所降低,而浒苔消亡后叶绿素浓度有所上升。水体中的叶绿素受多种生物地球化学因素的影响,因此叶绿素浓度的降低与浒苔的暴发强度之间没有明确的相关性。遥感反演可以大范围快速地提取水体中各种要素的分布情况,但就浒苔的暴发对海水中各要素的影响机制而言,还需要结合各种生态环境因子进行综合分析。

平顶山烟区烤烟烘烤工艺现状及问题分析

为合理优化豫中烟区烟叶烘烤工艺,运用物联网技术采集2019—2021年烘烤过程的烤房温湿度数据4016套,分析烘烤各阶段的时间和温湿度管理指标,总结烘烤工艺执行的主要问题并提出下一步建议。结果表明:(1)烟叶烘烤总时长的中位数在184~200 h,烘烤过程的时间管理表现出总时间和变黄期时间长、定色期和干筋期时间短的“两长两短”特点;(2)烘烤变黄期、定色期和干筋期湿球温度的中位数分别在33~37℃、32~36℃、36~39℃,烘烤过程湿球温度表现为上升—下降—上升的“N”型变化规律;(3)烘烤工艺主要存在“各阶段时间分配不合理、变黄后期—定色期湿球温度偏低”问题,这与基层专业技术人员短缺、技术资源供需矛盾和种、烤不能紧密结合等原因有关。下一步,应加快推进烘烤工艺曲线规范化和“种采烤”一体化,探索烘烤模式数字化转型,提升烟叶烘烤技术落实到位率。

基于UV-Vis漫反射、Raman与PL光谱联用技术在黄色珍珠无损检测中的应用

应用紫外-可见(UV-Vis)漫反射、拉曼(Raman)与光致发光(PL)光谱就当前市售的大小各异、金色饱和度深浅不一的珍珠其致色属性予以对比分析。结果表明:基于珍珠UV-Vis漫反射光谱特征的差异将金黄色珍珠初分为两种类型:Ⅰ型珍珠其谱图在(360±5) nm处存在吸收带、在(420±10) nm处存在较弱的吸收峰或肩,该类珍珠为当前珍珠销售市场较为常见的自身致色珍珠;除Ⅰ型珍珠外,将其他金黄色系珍珠归属为Ⅱ型,其对应的UV-Vis反射光谱主吸收峰可位于340~430 nm区间,部分Ⅱ型样品在280~600 nm无明显吸收或仅存在较弱的吸收肩。进一步就Ⅱ型珍珠予以Raman光谱检测,在激发强度较低时经处理的Ⅱ型黄色珍珠在150~1 000 cm^(-1)区间可产生较强的荧光峰,且荧光峰的强度明显高于文石约1 086 cm^(-1)处的特征峰。同时,上述经处理的Ⅱ型珍珠对应的PL光谱同样表明在500~600 nm区间的荧光强度显著增大。此外,部分经处理的珍珠其Raman或PL光谱中可见与珍珠组成成分无关的特征峰位。上述珍珠的Raman与PL光谱中出现的异常荧光与外来特征峰可作为珍珠经处理的佐证依据。课题工作为当前金黄色珍珠颜色的形成属性及仿珍珠的鉴定提供理论与技术支撑,同时对于Raman光谱在其他类宝玉石、特别是有机宝石的检测鉴定中具有重要的借鉴意义。

明代漆色之“黄”

黄色是传统漆艺文化中最重要的颜色之一,本文主要采用文献分析法来探索漆色之“黄”在明代社会中的状况。先阐述了黄色历经中国历史上色彩观念的几次转变后成为中国色彩系统中最高等级的颜色,再从文献与现存漆器中分析明代黄色漆器中的材料,从工艺技法、配色、图案等方面分析了明代漆色之“黄”的呈现面貌,再从明代黄色漆器的应用领域,探讨明代漆色之“黄”的使用状况。从而看到其背后的社会因素、文化因素等,认为明代黄色漆器数量虽少,但面貌丰富且地位尊贵。

不同遮荫强度下雪茄烟叶晾制变色差异的研究

【目的】探究不同遮荫强度雪茄烟叶在晾制过程中颜色变化的差异。【方法】以川雪1号中部叶为试验材料,设置100%,85%,70%,55%和40%共5个遮荫透光处理,研究各处理雪茄烟叶晾制过程中含水率、相关酶活性、色素含量及多酚类物质含量变化对烟叶颜色的影响。【结果】①变黄、变褐特性以55%~70%遮荫透光处理烟叶转化更顺利。②55%~70%遮荫透光处理烟叶含水率显著高于其他处理,且70%遮荫透光处理烟叶失水速率适中、干燥速度适当,有利于提高颜色变化与物质转化的协调性。③55%~70%遮荫透光处理烟叶晾制过程中LOX和PPO活性较高,有利于酶促棕色化反应和质体色素降解。④55%~70%遮荫透光处理的烟叶质体色素降解量较大且降解速度快,促进了烟叶颜色的转化和品质的形成。⑤70%遮荫透光处理烟叶在晾制过程中绿原酸、芸香苷和莨菪亭含量在各阶段均维持在适宜水平,有利于烟叶颜色转化和品质形成。⑥70%遮荫透光处理的烟叶颜色均匀饱满,烟叶正反面色差值小。【结论】70%遮荫透光处理烟叶在晾制过程中变黄变褐转化顺利,失水速率协调性好,维持有较高的酶活性,促进了色素降解与多酚转化,有利于酶促棕色化反应以及晾后颜色转化,烟叶颜色多呈棕褐色和咖啡色,提升了晾制效果。

汽车涂装车间两种板材混线前处理磷化膜外观缺陷问题的解决

介绍了轿车涂装车间前处理在调试过程中对热镀锌板材车身及冷轧板材车身磷化膜外观缺陷问题的分析过程和解决方案。分析不同板材磷化膜产生发黄、颜色不均匀、黑点、锈点和斜条纹的主要原因,并通过设备与槽液工艺参数的逐项调整及验证,探究解决磷化膜外观缺陷的思路及方法,保证了两种板材车身混线生产时磷化膜外观品质符合要求。

内蒙古呼伦贝尔地区本土牛牛肉黄脂现象的相关基因和代谢组学研究

[目的]初步探索内蒙古呼伦贝尔地区本土牛牛肉黄脂现象可能的调控机制。[方法]从呼伦贝尔市选取72头本土牛,每头牛均采集皮下脂肪及肝脏组织样本。采用5分制主观评分方法,对皮下脂肪样本进行颜色评分。以肝脏组织为试验材料,利用五引物扩增受阻突变体系(penta-primer amplification refractory mutation system,PARMS)分析参与β-胡萝卜素代谢过程的相关通路中关键基因BCO_(2) SNPW80X、BCMO1 SNP4、RDHE2 SNP2、ALDH8A1 SNP16和PPARCG1A SNP12的基因型及基因频率分布情况。运用液相色谱-质谱联用(LC-MS)技术对脂肪样本进行非靶向代谢组学检测,挖掘不同颜色脂肪样本的代谢差异物,并将差异代谢物进行代谢通路富集分析。[结果]72份皮下脂肪组织以白色为主,黄色脂肪(评分3分及以上)比例占到30.55%,BCO_(2)、BCMO1、RDHE2和PPARCG1A等基因在不同样本中存在SNP差异,但这些差异与脂肪颜色无显著(P>0.05)相关性。黄色脂肪样本与白色脂肪样本相比,共鉴定到235个差异代谢物,这些差异代谢物可富集到不饱和脂肪酸生物合成、初级胆汁酸生物合成和胆汁分泌等信号通路。[结论]呼伦贝尔地区本土牛牛肉黄色脂肪组织样本与白色脂肪组织样本相比,有多个代谢物存在差异,涉及的信号通路与脂肪形成、体内β-胡萝卜素转运和β-胡萝卜素跨膜运输之间存在密切关系,且与BCO_(2)、BCMO1、PPARCG1A等β-胡萝卜素代谢相关基因直接或间接相关。后续可对相关分子调控机制开展进一步研究,为含β-胡萝卜素饲料的制备和定向调节肉牛脂肪颜色提供理论基础。

京尼平和栀子黄对大豆蛋白纤维的染色研究

以开发用于再生蛋白质纤维染色的天然染料为出发点,采用京尼平和栀子黄对大豆蛋白纤维进行染色试验。研究两种染料的染色性能,确定最佳染色工艺条件,并对染色织物色牢度及抗菌性进行测试评价。结果表明:京尼平和栀子黄染色大豆蛋白纤维可获得较好的染色深度,两者对大豆蛋白纤维染色条件、染色牢度及抗菌性区别较大,栀子黄染色最佳条件为染料用量7%、pH值为5.0、染色温度80℃、染色时间1.0 h;京尼平染色最佳条件为染料用量5%、染色温度为35~40℃、pH值为7.5~8.5、染色时间2.0 h。京尼平染色牢度好于栀子黄,除了栀子黄的耐日晒色牢度稍差,其余各项色牢度均达到3级及以上。染色后的纤维抗菌性能良好,具有一定的使用价值。