A Workable Solution for Reducing the Large Number of Vehicle and Pedestrian Accidents Occurring on a Yellow Light

Traffic intersections are incredibly dangerous for drivers and pedestrians. Statistics from both Canada and the U.S. show a high number of fatalities and serious injuries related to crashes at intersections. In Canada, during 2019, the National Collision Database shows that 28% of traffic fatalities and 42% of serious injuries occurred at intersections. Likewise, the U.S. National Highway Traffic Administration (NHTSA) found that about 40% of the estimated 5,811,000 accidents in the U.S. during the year studied were intersection-related crashes. In fact, a major survey by the car insurance industry found that nearly 85% of drivers could not identify the correct action to take when approaching a yellow traffic light at an intersection. One major reason for these accidents is the “yellow light dilemma,” the ambiguous situation where a driver should stop or proceed forward when unexpectedly faced with a yellow light. This situation is even further exacerbated by the tendency of aggressive drivers to inappropriately speed up on the yellow just to get through the traffic light. A survey of Canadian drivers conducted by the Traffic Injury Research Foundation found that 9% of drivers admitted to speeding up to get through a traffic light. Another reason for these accidents is the increased danger of making a left-hand turn on yellow. According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Association (NHTSA), left turns occur in approximately 22.2% of collisions—as opposed to just 1.2% for right turns. Moreover, a study by CNN found left turns are three times as likely to kill pedestrians than right turns. The reason left turns are so much more likely to cause an accident is because they take a driver against traffic and in the path of oncoming cars. Additionally, most of these left turns occur at the driver’s discretion—as opposed to the distressingly brief left-hand arrow at busy intersections. Drive Safe Now proposes a workable solution for reducing the number of accidents occurring during a yellow light at intersections. We believe this fairly simple solution will save lives, prevent injuries, reduce damage to public and private property, and decrease insurance costs.

Light Yellowness of Down Duvet

The yellowness of new processed down duvet after exposure to light irradiation seems very mysterious,degree of its yellowness sometimes minor,other times serious,seemingly erratic.So it is very essential for down duvet manufacturers to figure out the cause of this problem.The yellowed down duvet was split into two parts firstly,one was the external fabric which treated with antidrilling finish of polyurethane(PU) in advance,the other was filled down.Results showed that yellowing of external fabric was serious while the filled down yellowness was not obvious.However,when the external fabric and the filled down from the same batch of duvet were irradiated under the same condition respectively,the result indicated both the external fabric and the filled down had not yellowed as the above duvet.Therefore,it was inferred that the external fabric's yellowing was possibly induced by one property of the filled down.Then the key performance indicators of the filled down,such as cleanliness,oxygen consumption,and microorganisms,were measured and analyzed,and the extraction liquid of the down was also analyzed by the chromogenic reaction and UV-vis spectra.Results indicated the non-decomposed hydrogen peroxide residued in the filled down which would cause a higher oxygen consumption and induce photo oxidation yellowing of the PU film on external fabric,and the degree of its yellowing increased with the concentration of residual hydrogen peroxide increasing.Hydrogen peroxide composition would speed up the photo oxidation yellowing process and decrease the IR transmittance of PU film.Meanwhile its yellowed degree aggravating.

Yellow Light Penalties

A new traffic regulation that penalizes drivers for running yellow lights has stirred up contro- versy since it took effect on January 1, 2013. Under the new regulation, the strictest to date in China, drivers running a yellow traffic light will have six points deducted from the 12 points allocated to their driver＇s licenses. Previously, drivers were docked only three points for driv- ing through red light.

Influences of yellow and green lights on the visual response of western flower thrips and field verification

This study aimed to determine the effects of spectral light characteristics on the visual response of the western flower thrips,the strengthening mechanism of thrips response behavior regulated by light,and thrips response characteristics to contrast light.Light with combined and single wavelength were tested by using a self-made behavior response device for thrips.Light sources for trapping thrips were made to verify the trapping effect on thrips in a greenhouse,and the reasons for changes in thrips behavior were analyzed to characterize the mechanism of their phototactic response.The results showed that the light mode(single,contrast,combined light)affected the thrips visual response and approach response,whereas in contrast light,the effects were optimal.Combination light inhibited the thrips visual response,and when the illumination increased,the thrips visual response to single and combination light intensified,and the thrips approach sensitivity to green light increased in contrast and combination light.However,the light mode did not affect the thrips visual response and sensitivity to spectral light characteristics.The degree of thrips visual response to yellow light was stronger than that to green light,while the degree of thrips visual response to green light was stronger than that to yellow light,indicating that the photo-induced mechanism of the thrips visual response differed from that of the thrips approach response.Moreover,in the greenhouse,the trapping effect of different light sources on thrips was positively correlated with temperature.The trapping effect of green light was optimal,followed by a yellow light source,while the difference of light intensity(illumination,illumination energy)and its photo-thermal intensity between yellow and green light was the reason for the differences in the degree of visual trends and the trapping effects of thrips.However,the sensitivity of thrips responding to different light depended on the difference in the heterogeneous stimulation intensity of different spectral light.Thus,light brightness and photo-thermal effects were the causes of thrips visual responses,while bio-photoelectric reaction effects caused thrips to produce a visual response and affected the degree of the thrips visual response.The results reveal the underlying causes of pest control by light,and provide a theoretical basis for the research and development of pest induction equipment and light arrangements.

Effects of yellow and green light stress on emergence,feeding and mating of Anomala corpulenta Motschulsky and Holotrichia parallela Motschulsky(Coleoptera:Scarabaeidae)

Light is one of the key environmental factors for insects to survive.Artificial light sources different from natural environmental light can cause light stress in insects.Yellow and green light stress can interfere with the diurnal rhythm of nocturnal moths and their mating,oviposition,and adult longevity.The scarabaeid beetles Anomala corpulenta Motschulsky and Holotrichia parallela Motschulsky are widely distributed,and they are very harmful underground pests.In order to clarify the effects of light stress on their behaviors,individuals of both species were exposed to yellow light(565-585 nm)and green light(525-545 nm),with different light intensity gradients of yellow light in a laboratory setting.The short-term light stress treatment of A.corpulenta and H.parallela was carried out at night.The number of beetles emerging per half an hour was recorded,and mating pairs and feeding activity in 24 h were counted.The results showed that yellow and green light stress significantly changed the rhythm and reduced the rate of beetle emergence in the two beetle species investigated.Also,the peak emergence activity was delayed and the feeding and mating activities were significantly reduced.When treated with different intensities of yellow light,it was found that the rate of emergence of A.corpulenta under 10 lx was close to the control groups.The rate of emergence in H.parallela was significantly lower than the control groups before 0:00,in the 60 lx and 110 lx treatment groups,but after 0:00,the emergence rate of H.parallela was significantly higher in the 60 lx and 110 lx treatment groups than other treatments.However,the emergence rhythms in the three light intensity treatment groups are basically the same as in the control groups.The feeding amount and mating beetles in the three light intensity treatment groups were significantly lower than in the control groups.There were no significant differences in the three treatments.The results show that light stress above 10 lx significantly interferes with the behavioral activities of the two beetle species,investigated.This study provides a new approach for a light control technology for nocturnal beetle pest species.

Yellow light dilemma zone researches: a review

The yellow light dilemma zone is widely known as an area on the high-speed intersection ap- proach, where vehicles neither safely stop before the stop line nor proceed through the intersection dur- ing amber interval. Within such an area, a vehicle might be involved in a right-angle crash or rear-end collision. This issue has been extensively discussed over five decades in traffic engineering field, cov- eting from theory to practice. However, few comprehensive review literatures on the amber signal di- lemma zone problems can be found. The objective of this paper is to summarize the evolution of yellow light dilemma zone researches. Basic definition and boundary of dilemma zone followed by driver be- havior and dilemma zone hazard measurement are depicted. At last, the future directions of yellow light dilemma zone research are discussed.

Yellow responsive material based modification to reduce earphone induced Infection and hearing loss

Today,earphones have almost been owned by everyone.However,wearing earphones for a long time can cause two serious problems:(1)irreversible damage to hearing;(2)rapid proliferation of bacteria in the ear canal.Herein,an earphone modification strategy is developed for the first time,to reduce hearing loss and inhibit bacteria simultaneously.This earphone is equipped with a high purity yellow light(YL)light-emitting diode chip developed by our university.Then,the surface of the earphone is loaded with porous zinc oxide and silver nanoparticle composite material(ZnO-Ag)that can respond to the YL.Under the excitation of YL,the porous ZnO-Ag can release reactive oxygen species with strong antibacterial activity.More importantly,we discover that YL can reduce the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-3,the secretion of inflammatory factors,and apoptosis in the cochlea,thereby effectively reduce hearing loss.

High special surface area and“warm light”responsive ZnO:Synthesis mechanism,application and optimization

In this study,a new series of zinc oxide(ZnO)with high specific surface area and narrow energy band gap are prepared using a facile microwave-induced method.The corresponding formation mechanism is also discussed for the first time.Due to the introduction of C,these ZnO can be excited by long wave temperature light without harmful short wave radiation,and play an efficient photocatalytic activity.This valuable property fundamentally improves the biological safety of its photocatalytic application.Herein,taking teeth whitening as an example,the photocatalytic performance of ZnO is evaluated.The“pure”yellow light-emitting diode(PYLED)with high biological safety is used as the excitation source.It is found that this method could effectively remove pigment on the tooth surface through physical adsorption.In addition,these ZnO could generate active oxygen to degrade the pigment on the tooth surface under the irradiation of yellow light.Some further optimization of these“warm light”responsive ZnO is also discussed in this systematical study,which could open up new opportunities in biomedical field.