Yellow Rust （stripe） rust （Puccinia striiformis West. f. sp. tritici） is one of the most epidemic diseases infect wheat in cold and wet regions. In 1988, this disease caused a loss of seasonal production amounted ...Yellow Rust （stripe） rust （Puccinia striiformis West. f. sp. tritici） is one of the most epidemic diseases infect wheat in cold and wet regions. In 1988, this disease caused a loss of seasonal production amounted 70% on wheat variety Mexipak in Syria, and recurrent infection in 2010, caused by a virulent race called Yr27, caused a considerable loss in the production of bread wheat cultivars （Cham 8, Cham 6 particularly） amounted 90%. Recently, 15 races of yellow rust had been addressed in Syria for seasons 2010-2014; 159E256, 166E254, 166E256, 255 E112, 0 E0, 64 E 6, 230 El50, 0 E 18, 198 El30, 166 El50, 102 El60, 128 E0, 126 El50, 214E150, and 6E16. The race 6E16 was the most frequent during the two seasons, while the race 255El12 was the most virulent, followed by the race 230E222 and the race 0E0 was the weakest one. This study revealed the presence of fourteen newly observed races in Syria. Molecular Variance Analysis of Molecular Variance （AMOVA） of 55 yellow rust Puccinia striiformis f.sp tritici isolates examined by Amplify Fragment Length Polymorphism （AFLP） revealed high genetic variation within population, and the dimensional scale analysis （MSD） and tree diagram showed that the Syrian yellow rust isolates were clustered in three groups： the first group contained isolates derived from durum wheat, the second one contained bread wheat isolates, but the third was made of isolates derived from both durum and bread wheat species.展开更多
The objective of this study was to characterize yellow （stripe） rust resistance gene（s） in 52 commercial wheat cultivars from Yunnan Province in China, and to provide information for their rational deployment in f...The objective of this study was to characterize yellow （stripe） rust resistance gene（s） in 52 commercial wheat cultivars from Yunnan Province in China, and to provide information for their rational deployment in field. Seedlings of wheat cultivars were inoculated with 25 differential isolates ofPuccinia striiformis from foreign and home to postulate resistance genes to yellow rust, and then validated by pedigree. There were 10 probable resistance genes characterized in these cultivars, in which, Yr9 was most commonly postulated to be present in thirteen cultivars. Yr21, the second, was present in four cultivars. Yr8, the third, were present in three cultivars. Yr6, Yrl 7 and Yr26, the fourth, was present in two cultivars respectively. The other gene（s） such as, Yr2＋YrA, Yr7 and Yr27, were only present in single cultivar（s）; unknown gene（s） or gene（s） combination（s） were present in 22 cultivars. One cultivar （Yunmai 42） had no resistance gene tested in this study. Cultivars such as Yunmai 52, Mian 1971-98, Kunmai 4, and Yunmai 56 carried effective genes and can be popularized mainly; Yr9 should be planted with other Yr genes. In the meantime other effective genes should be introduced to realize gene diversity for controlling wheat yellow rust. Yunmai 42 should be reduced to avoid rust breakout. Unknown gene cultivars should be utilized and be researched deeply.展开更多
The nucleotide sequence of shallot yellow stripe virus from onion(SYSV-O)in Shaanxi Province of China was described.It was 10427 nucleotides(nt)in length excluding the poly(A)tail and was predicted to encode a polypro...The nucleotide sequence of shallot yellow stripe virus from onion(SYSV-O)in Shaanxi Province of China was described.It was 10427 nucleotides(nt)in length excluding the poly(A)tail and was predicted to encode a polyprotein of 3340 amino acids(aa)with a calculated molecular weight of 379.7kD.SYSV was most closely related to onion yellow dwarf virus(OYDV)and resembled it in having a much larger P3 protein than other species in the genus.SYSV-O shared 93.2% nt identity to the published sequence of a welsh onion isolate of SYSV(SYSV-ZQ2).The two isolates differed in NIb-CP cleavage site,that of SYSV-O was Q/V but Q/A in SYSV-ZQ2.Nucleotide identity of coat protein genes amongst all SYSV sequences ranged from 87.3%-84.1%.Phylogenetic tree analysis based on the 3’-terminal nucleotide sequences of SYSV isolates confirmed the existence of four distinct groups that were partially related to geographical origin and host plant species.展开更多
选用木瓜蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶、酸性蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶和菠萝蛋白酶对金带细鲹鱼蛋白质进行水解,以蛋白质的水解度为指标,筛选出酶解效果最好的酶类。通过响应面法对影响酶解效果的主要因素进行研究,并确定金带细鲹的最适酶解工艺。结果表...选用木瓜蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶、酸性蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶和菠萝蛋白酶对金带细鲹鱼蛋白质进行水解,以蛋白质的水解度为指标,筛选出酶解效果最好的酶类。通过响应面法对影响酶解效果的主要因素进行研究,并确定金带细鲹的最适酶解工艺。结果表明:对金带细鲹鱼酶解效果最好的方法是采用胰蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶进行双酶酶解,双酶最适酶解条件为:先加入胰蛋白酶,在45℃,p H8.0,加酶量2.0%(g/g),固液比1∶5(g/g)条件下酶解5h后,再加入木瓜蛋白酶,其加酶量1.6%(g/g)、温度60.76℃,p H 6.27,时间3.52h,在此条件下,实际测得蛋白质水解度可达43.23%。比胰蛋白酶单酶水解蛋白质水解度提高了12.72%。利用双酶法水解金带细鲹鱼蛋白质,能缩短生产周期,提高原料的利用率。展开更多
文摘Yellow Rust （stripe） rust （Puccinia striiformis West. f. sp. tritici） is one of the most epidemic diseases infect wheat in cold and wet regions. In 1988, this disease caused a loss of seasonal production amounted 70% on wheat variety Mexipak in Syria, and recurrent infection in 2010, caused by a virulent race called Yr27, caused a considerable loss in the production of bread wheat cultivars （Cham 8, Cham 6 particularly） amounted 90%. Recently, 15 races of yellow rust had been addressed in Syria for seasons 2010-2014; 159E256, 166E254, 166E256, 255 E112, 0 E0, 64 E 6, 230 El50, 0 E 18, 198 El30, 166 El50, 102 El60, 128 E0, 126 El50, 214E150, and 6E16. The race 6E16 was the most frequent during the two seasons, while the race 255El12 was the most virulent, followed by the race 230E222 and the race 0E0 was the weakest one. This study revealed the presence of fourteen newly observed races in Syria. Molecular Variance Analysis of Molecular Variance （AMOVA） of 55 yellow rust Puccinia striiformis f.sp tritici isolates examined by Amplify Fragment Length Polymorphism （AFLP） revealed high genetic variation within population, and the dimensional scale analysis （MSD） and tree diagram showed that the Syrian yellow rust isolates were clustered in three groups： the first group contained isolates derived from durum wheat, the second one contained bread wheat isolates, but the third was made of isolates derived from both durum and bread wheat species.
基金support by the Ministry of Science and Technology,China (2011CB100403)the Ministry of Agriculture,China (200903035)the Special Project from State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests,Chinese Academy of Agricltural Sciences (SKL2009OP09)
文摘The objective of this study was to characterize yellow （stripe） rust resistance gene（s） in 52 commercial wheat cultivars from Yunnan Province in China, and to provide information for their rational deployment in field. Seedlings of wheat cultivars were inoculated with 25 differential isolates ofPuccinia striiformis from foreign and home to postulate resistance genes to yellow rust, and then validated by pedigree. There were 10 probable resistance genes characterized in these cultivars, in which, Yr9 was most commonly postulated to be present in thirteen cultivars. Yr21, the second, was present in four cultivars. Yr8, the third, were present in three cultivars. Yr6, Yrl 7 and Yr26, the fourth, was present in two cultivars respectively. The other gene（s） such as, Yr2＋YrA, Yr7 and Yr27, were only present in single cultivar（s）; unknown gene（s） or gene（s） combination（s） were present in 22 cultivars. One cultivar （Yunmai 42） had no resistance gene tested in this study. Cultivars such as Yunmai 52, Mian 1971-98, Kunmai 4, and Yunmai 56 carried effective genes and can be popularized mainly; Yr9 should be planted with other Yr genes. In the meantime other effective genes should be introduced to realize gene diversity for controlling wheat yellow rust. Yunmai 42 should be reduced to avoid rust breakout. Unknown gene cultivars should be utilized and be researched deeply.
文摘根据水仙黄条病毒、水仙退化病毒和水仙花叶病毒外壳蛋白(CP)基因的保守区序列设计3对特异性引物,通过优化包括Mg2+浓度、c DNA浓度、Taq DNA聚合酶浓度等在内的反应条件,建立了能同时检测这3种病毒的多重RT-PCR检测体系,并与单一RT-PCR做了比较.应用该体系能成功对3种病毒混合侵染的水仙样品进行多重RT-PCR扩增,获得751、623和483 bp 3条与预期大小相符的特异性条带,且RNA稀释至10-4倍时仍能被检测到.建立的多重RT-PCR检测体系具有良好的特异性和较高的灵敏度,比单一RT-PCR扩增更加方便、快速.
文摘The nucleotide sequence of shallot yellow stripe virus from onion(SYSV-O)in Shaanxi Province of China was described.It was 10427 nucleotides(nt)in length excluding the poly(A)tail and was predicted to encode a polyprotein of 3340 amino acids(aa)with a calculated molecular weight of 379.7kD.SYSV was most closely related to onion yellow dwarf virus(OYDV)and resembled it in having a much larger P3 protein than other species in the genus.SYSV-O shared 93.2% nt identity to the published sequence of a welsh onion isolate of SYSV(SYSV-ZQ2).The two isolates differed in NIb-CP cleavage site,that of SYSV-O was Q/V but Q/A in SYSV-ZQ2.Nucleotide identity of coat protein genes amongst all SYSV sequences ranged from 87.3%-84.1%.Phylogenetic tree analysis based on the 3’-terminal nucleotide sequences of SYSV isolates confirmed the existence of four distinct groups that were partially related to geographical origin and host plant species.
文摘选用木瓜蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶、酸性蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶和菠萝蛋白酶对金带细鲹鱼蛋白质进行水解,以蛋白质的水解度为指标,筛选出酶解效果最好的酶类。通过响应面法对影响酶解效果的主要因素进行研究,并确定金带细鲹的最适酶解工艺。结果表明:对金带细鲹鱼酶解效果最好的方法是采用胰蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶进行双酶酶解,双酶最适酶解条件为:先加入胰蛋白酶,在45℃,p H8.0,加酶量2.0%(g/g),固液比1∶5(g/g)条件下酶解5h后,再加入木瓜蛋白酶,其加酶量1.6%(g/g)、温度60.76℃,p H 6.27,时间3.52h,在此条件下,实际测得蛋白质水解度可达43.23%。比胰蛋白酶单酶水解蛋白质水解度提高了12.72%。利用双酶法水解金带细鲹鱼蛋白质,能缩短生产周期,提高原料的利用率。
