By the nonlinear optimization theory, we predict the yield function of single BCC crystals in Hill＇s criterion form. Then we give a formula on the macroscopic yield function of a BCC polycrystal Ω under Sachs＇ mode...By the nonlinear optimization theory, we predict the yield function of single BCC crystals in Hill＇s criterion form. Then we give a formula on the macroscopic yield function of a BCC polycrystal Ω under Sachs＇ model, where the volume average of the yield functions of all BCC crystallites in Ω is taken as the macroscopic yield function of the BCC polycrystal. In constructing the formula, we try to find the relationship among the macroscopic yield function, the orientation distribution function （ODF）, and the single BCC crystal＇s plasticity. An expression for the yield stress of a uniaxial tensile problem is derived under Taylor＇s model in order to compare the expression with that of the macroscopic yield function.展开更多
The calculation procedure of the continuum mechanics of textured polycrystals (CMTP) method is reviewed to estimate calculating time with various yield functions (YFs). A so called semi quadratic YF is proposed to ...The calculation procedure of the continuum mechanics of textured polycrystals (CMTP) method is reviewed to estimate calculating time with various yield functions (YFs). A so called semi quadratic YF is proposed to eliminate time consuming numerical calculation and avoid the decrease of prediction precision. The reasonability of the new YF is proved by making the comparisons between predicted R values and earing behaviour for some materials and the experimental results.展开更多
A new Don-quadratic orthotropic yield function is developed in the present paper.It does not have those limitatioins which existing non-quadratic anisotropic yield functions have,such as being usable only for the plan...A new Don-quadratic orthotropic yield function is developed in the present paper.It does not have those limitatioins which existing non-quadratic anisotropic yield functions have,such as being usable only for the plane stress problems and in-plane isotropic sheet metals,and that the directions of principal stress or the ex ponent in yield function can not be arbitrary,etc.Furthermore all of the material constants involved in this yield function can be determined by performing only uniaxial tension lest.This yield function contains three new parameters,of which each one is present for one principal plane of anisotropy.Their values can be.generally,selected to equal 3.Other methods to determine the value of these parmeters are discussed and given in this paper.From the regression estimate for the yield stress in five directions of several kinds of titanium metal sheet.it is obtained that the suitable value of exponent in yield function for titanium sheets is 6 or 8.This is confirmed from the use for several plastic deformation problems of titanium sheets.展开更多
A new yield function taking effect of hydrostatic stress into account is presented through establishing and solving the functional equation satisfied by the yield function, and its characteristic is simple in form and...A new yield function taking effect of hydrostatic stress into account is presented through establishing and solving the functional equation satisfied by the yield function, and its characteristic is simple in form and strong in generality. In order to reveal its availability, a comparison is made between the results obtained with it and the experimental results of grey cast iron has be done, both seem to be in good agreement. At the same time, taking the yield function obtained here as a potential function, a new associative plastic constitutive equation taking effect of hydrostatic stress into account is built, and the plastic volume change ratio of plastic deformation is given.展开更多
The anisotropy of stamped sheet metal exerts evident effects on the formability. Barlat six component yield function was introduced into the elastoplastic finite element formulation based on the principle of virtual v...The anisotropy of stamped sheet metal exerts evident effects on the formability. Barlat six component yield function was introduced into the elastoplastic finite element formulation based on the principle of virtual velocity and the discrete Kirchhoff triangular element model. The flanging earing in cylindrical cup drawing process of circular sheet metal was numerically simulated. The influence of anisotropy on the forming process was studied.展开更多
The combined loading tests of 5754 O aluminum alloy sheet are used to verify the yield function. Three yield functions are implemented into the commercial finite element model(FEM) code ABAQUS as a user material subro...The combined loading tests of 5754 O aluminum alloy sheet are used to verify the yield function. Three yield functions are implemented into the commercial finite element model(FEM) code ABAQUS as a user material subroutine UMAT for the FEM simulation of the combined loading tests. The comparison of the simulating and experimental results shows that the modified Yld2000-2d yield function can describe the mechanical behavior of5754 O aluminum alloy sheet under combined loading paths reasonably while other three yield functions do not.The performance of the modified Yld2000-2d yield function on describing the mechanical behavior under combined loading paths is analyzed in detail. It is concluded that the modified Yld2000-2d yield function can be adopted to describe the deformation behavior of 5754 O aluminum alloy sheet for industrial applications.展开更多
A quadratic yield function which can describe the anisotropic behaviors of sheet metals with tension/compression symmetry and asymmetry is proposed.Five mechanical properties are adopted to determine the coefficients ...A quadratic yield function which can describe the anisotropic behaviors of sheet metals with tension/compression symmetry and asymmetry is proposed.Five mechanical properties are adopted to determine the coefficients of each part of the yield function.For particular cases,the proposed yield function can be simplified to Mises or Hill’s quadratic yield function.The anisotropic mechanical properties are expressed by defining an angle between the current normalized principal stress space and the reference direction with the assumption of orthotropic anisotropy.The accuracy of the proposed yield function in describing the anisotropy under tension and compression is demonstrated.展开更多
为探究氮肥减量条件下添加生物质炭对农田土壤微生物碳源利用及春小麦产量的影响,采用随机区组试验设计,设置0(N0)、300(N1)、255 kg·hm^(-2)(N2)3个氮肥水平和0(B0)、10×10^(3)(B1)、20×10^(3)(B2)、30×10^(3)kg&#...为探究氮肥减量条件下添加生物质炭对农田土壤微生物碳源利用及春小麦产量的影响,采用随机区组试验设计,设置0(N0)、300(N1)、255 kg·hm^(-2)(N2)3个氮肥水平和0(B0)、10×10^(3)(B1)、20×10^(3)(B2)、30×10^(3)kg·hm^(-2)(B3)4个生物质炭水平,共计12个处理,研究氮肥减量配施生物质炭对麦田土壤微生物群落碳源代谢特征和小麦产量的影响。结果表明,与对照(N0B0)相比,各处理平均颜色变化率(average well color development,AWCD)和Mcintosh指数(U)均呈上升趋势,其中氮肥常规用量配施中量生物质炭(N1B2)处理土壤微生物AWCD、U值最高,分别为0.93、5.83,分别比N0B0处理提高52.5%、36.3%;氮肥减量水平下,随生物质炭用量增加土壤微生物Shannon指数呈增加趋势;土壤微生物主要利用酯类碳源,对醇类碳源利用整体偏低,不同处理下微生物对不同碳源的利用能力有所不同。主成分分析显示,不同处理间土壤微生物群落对6类可利用碳源利用差异主要在于氨基酸类、糖类、酸类和醇类;土壤微生物群落功能多样性指标与春小麦产量呈正相关,当减量氮肥配施中量生物质炭(N2B2处理)时,春小麦产量可达8301.35 kg·hm^(-2),与常规施用氮肥(B0N1处理)相比增产22.1%,综上所述,氮肥配施生物质炭能够提高土壤微生物活性,改善土壤微生物环境,促进春小麦生长,提高产量。研究结果可为生物质炭在北疆灌区的应用和推广提供依据。展开更多
The impact of climate change on agriculture has received wide attention by the scientific community. This paper studies how to assess the grain yield impact of climate change, according to the climate change over a lo...The impact of climate change on agriculture has received wide attention by the scientific community. This paper studies how to assess the grain yield impact of climate change, according to the climate change over a long time period in the future as predicted by a climate system model. The application of the concept of a traditional ＂yield impact of meteorological factor （YIMF）＂ or ＂yield impact of weather factor＂ to the grain yield assessment of a decadal or even a longer timescale would be suffocated at the outset because the YIMF is for studying the phenomenon on an interannual timescale, and it is difficult to distinguish between the trend caused by climate change and the one resulting from changes in non-climatic factors. Therefore, the concept of the yield impact of climatic change （YICC）, which is defined as the difference in the per unit area yields （PUAY） of a grain crop under a changing and an envisaged invariant climate conditions, is presented in this paper to assess the impact of global climate change on grain yields. The climatic factor has been introduced into the renowned economic Cobb-Douglas model, yielding a quantitative assessment method of YICC using real data. The method has been tested using the historical data of Northeast China, and the results show that it has an encouraging application outlook.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 10562004) the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi (Nos.0450035 and 0512021) the Science Foundation of Jiangxi Educational Department (No.[2006]3) the Oversea Returned Scholars Grant of China.
文摘By the nonlinear optimization theory, we predict the yield function of single BCC crystals in Hill＇s criterion form. Then we give a formula on the macroscopic yield function of a BCC polycrystal Ω under Sachs＇ model, where the volume average of the yield functions of all BCC crystallites in Ω is taken as the macroscopic yield function of the BCC polycrystal. In constructing the formula, we try to find the relationship among the macroscopic yield function, the orientation distribution function （ODF）, and the single BCC crystal＇s plasticity. An expression for the yield stress of a uniaxial tensile problem is derived under Taylor＇s model in order to compare the expression with that of the macroscopic yield function.
文摘The calculation procedure of the continuum mechanics of textured polycrystals (CMTP) method is reviewed to estimate calculating time with various yield functions (YFs). A so called semi quadratic YF is proposed to eliminate time consuming numerical calculation and avoid the decrease of prediction precision. The reasonability of the new YF is proved by making the comparisons between predicted R values and earing behaviour for some materials and the experimental results.
基金supported by Science Foundation of Aeronautics of China
文摘A new Don-quadratic orthotropic yield function is developed in the present paper.It does not have those limitatioins which existing non-quadratic anisotropic yield functions have,such as being usable only for the plane stress problems and in-plane isotropic sheet metals,and that the directions of principal stress or the ex ponent in yield function can not be arbitrary,etc.Furthermore all of the material constants involved in this yield function can be determined by performing only uniaxial tension lest.This yield function contains three new parameters,of which each one is present for one principal plane of anisotropy.Their values can be.generally,selected to equal 3.Other methods to determine the value of these parmeters are discussed and given in this paper.From the regression estimate for the yield stress in five directions of several kinds of titanium metal sheet.it is obtained that the suitable value of exponent in yield function for titanium sheets is 6 or 8.This is confirmed from the use for several plastic deformation problems of titanium sheets.
文摘A new yield function taking effect of hydrostatic stress into account is presented through establishing and solving the functional equation satisfied by the yield function, and its characteristic is simple in form and strong in generality. In order to reveal its availability, a comparison is made between the results obtained with it and the experimental results of grey cast iron has be done, both seem to be in good agreement. At the same time, taking the yield function obtained here as a potential function, a new associative plastic constitutive equation taking effect of hydrostatic stress into account is built, and the plastic volume change ratio of plastic deformation is given.
文摘The anisotropy of stamped sheet metal exerts evident effects on the formability. Barlat six component yield function was introduced into the elastoplastic finite element formulation based on the principle of virtual velocity and the discrete Kirchhoff triangular element model. The flanging earing in cylindrical cup drawing process of circular sheet metal was numerically simulated. The influence of anisotropy on the forming process was studied.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51475003)the Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation of China(No.3152010)the Beijing Municipal Education Committee Science and Technology Program(No.KM201510009004)
文摘The combined loading tests of 5754 O aluminum alloy sheet are used to verify the yield function. Three yield functions are implemented into the commercial finite element model(FEM) code ABAQUS as a user material subroutine UMAT for the FEM simulation of the combined loading tests. The comparison of the simulating and experimental results shows that the modified Yld2000-2d yield function can describe the mechanical behavior of5754 O aluminum alloy sheet under combined loading paths reasonably while other three yield functions do not.The performance of the modified Yld2000-2d yield function on describing the mechanical behavior under combined loading paths is analyzed in detail. It is concluded that the modified Yld2000-2d yield function can be adopted to describe the deformation behavior of 5754 O aluminum alloy sheet for industrial applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.51475003 and 51205004)Beijing Natural Science Foundation (Grant No.3152010)+1 种基金open project of "State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing" of Northwestern Polytechnical University (No.SKLSP201635)Beijing Education Committee Science and Technology Program (Grant No.KM201510009004)
文摘A quadratic yield function which can describe the anisotropic behaviors of sheet metals with tension/compression symmetry and asymmetry is proposed.Five mechanical properties are adopted to determine the coefficients of each part of the yield function.For particular cases,the proposed yield function can be simplified to Mises or Hill’s quadratic yield function.The anisotropic mechanical properties are expressed by defining an angle between the current normalized principal stress space and the reference direction with the assumption of orthotropic anisotropy.The accuracy of the proposed yield function in describing the anisotropy under tension and compression is demonstrated.
文摘为探究氮肥减量条件下添加生物质炭对农田土壤微生物碳源利用及春小麦产量的影响,采用随机区组试验设计,设置0(N0)、300(N1)、255 kg·hm^(-2)(N2)3个氮肥水平和0(B0)、10×10^(3)(B1)、20×10^(3)(B2)、30×10^(3)kg·hm^(-2)(B3)4个生物质炭水平,共计12个处理,研究氮肥减量配施生物质炭对麦田土壤微生物群落碳源代谢特征和小麦产量的影响。结果表明,与对照(N0B0)相比,各处理平均颜色变化率(average well color development,AWCD)和Mcintosh指数(U)均呈上升趋势,其中氮肥常规用量配施中量生物质炭(N1B2)处理土壤微生物AWCD、U值最高,分别为0.93、5.83,分别比N0B0处理提高52.5%、36.3%;氮肥减量水平下,随生物质炭用量增加土壤微生物Shannon指数呈增加趋势;土壤微生物主要利用酯类碳源,对醇类碳源利用整体偏低,不同处理下微生物对不同碳源的利用能力有所不同。主成分分析显示,不同处理间土壤微生物群落对6类可利用碳源利用差异主要在于氨基酸类、糖类、酸类和醇类;土壤微生物群落功能多样性指标与春小麦产量呈正相关,当减量氮肥配施中量生物质炭(N2B2处理)时,春小麦产量可达8301.35 kg·hm^(-2),与常规施用氮肥(B0N1处理)相比增产22.1%,综上所述,氮肥配施生物质炭能够提高土壤微生物活性,改善土壤微生物环境,促进春小麦生长,提高产量。研究结果可为生物质炭在北疆灌区的应用和推广提供依据。
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 40231006 the National Key Program for Developing Basic Sciences under Grant No. 2006CB400503the Knowledge Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Science under Grant No. KZCX- SW-218.
文摘The impact of climate change on agriculture has received wide attention by the scientific community. This paper studies how to assess the grain yield impact of climate change, according to the climate change over a long time period in the future as predicted by a climate system model. The application of the concept of a traditional ＂yield impact of meteorological factor （YIMF）＂ or ＂yield impact of weather factor＂ to the grain yield assessment of a decadal or even a longer timescale would be suffocated at the outset because the YIMF is for studying the phenomenon on an interannual timescale, and it is difficult to distinguish between the trend caused by climate change and the one resulting from changes in non-climatic factors. Therefore, the concept of the yield impact of climatic change （YICC）, which is defined as the difference in the per unit area yields （PUAY） of a grain crop under a changing and an envisaged invariant climate conditions, is presented in this paper to assess the impact of global climate change on grain yields. The climatic factor has been introduced into the renowned economic Cobb-Douglas model, yielding a quantitative assessment method of YICC using real data. The method has been tested using the historical data of Northeast China, and the results show that it has an encouraging application outlook.
