Mango is an important cash crop in the tropics and subtropics. Determining the yield gap of mango and production constraints can potentially promote the sustainable development of the mango industry. In this study, bo...Mango is an important cash crop in the tropics and subtropics. Determining the yield gap of mango and production constraints can potentially promote the sustainable development of the mango industry. In this study, boundary line analysis based on survey data from 103 smallholder farmers and a yield gap model were used to determine the yield gap and production constraints in mango plantations in the northern mountain, central valley and southern mountains regions of Tianyang County, Guangxi, China. The results indicated that the yield of mango in three representing regions of Tianyang County,Northern Mountains, Central Valley and Southern Mountains, was 18.3, 17.0 and 15.4 t ha^–1 yr^–1, with an explainable yield gap of 10.9, 6.1 and 14.8 t ha^–1 yr^–1, respectively. Fertilization management, including fertilizer N, P2O5 and K2O application rates, and planting density were the main limiting factors of mango yield in all three regions. In addition, tree age influenced mango yield in the Northern Mountains(11.1%) and Central Valley(11.7%) regions. Irrigation time influenced mango yield in the Northern Mountains(9.9%) and Southern Mountains(12.2%). Based on a scenario analysis, the predicted yield would increase by up to 50%, and fertilizer N use would be reduced by as much as approximately 20%. An improved understanding of production constraints will aid in the development of management strategy measures to increase mango yield.展开更多
明确农户水平稻油系统的产量差及进一步增产的限制因素对保障我国粮油安全具有重要作用。本研究以我国典型稻油系统生产区湖北省武穴市为研究对象,采用作物模型与田间调查相结合的方法评估了该地区稻油系统周年产量差,并使用单因素方差...明确农户水平稻油系统的产量差及进一步增产的限制因素对保障我国粮油安全具有重要作用。本研究以我国典型稻油系统生产区湖北省武穴市为研究对象,采用作物模型与田间调查相结合的方法评估了该地区稻油系统周年产量差,并使用单因素方差分析和条件推断树综合比较了农户在土壤条件和管理措施上的差异,以探究该地区限制稻油系统产量进一步增长的主要栽培因素及可行的增产途径,为因地制宜地缩小产量差提供新思路。结果表明:(1)武穴市水稻季和油菜季的潜在产量分别为11.79 t hm^(-2)和4.43 t hm^(-2),按照水稻和油菜籽粒的能量当量换算系统周年能量后,稻油系统的最高周年潜在能量为284 GJ hm^(-2)。水稻季和油菜季的平均实际产量分别为8.11 t hm^(-2)和1.82 t hm^(-2),系统平均实际周年能量为165 GJ hm^(-2)。该地区稻油系统的平均周年相对产量差(产量差与潜在产量的比值)为42%,其中油菜季(59%)比水稻季(31%)具有更大的产量提升空间。相较于湖北省和长江流域的平均水平,武穴市稻油系统周年潜在能量相近,而周年实际能量分别低13%和5%,导致该地区的产量差相对较大,其中分别有83%和61%的农户相对产量差大于湖北省和长江流域平均水平。(2)该地区周年产量较低的农户具有以下主要特征:土壤为沙壤土,耕层较浅;水稻季虫草害防治效果差,水稻季肥料做底肥一次施用且轻施氮、钾肥;油菜季重施肥料,且油菜机收损失较大。(3)武穴市89%的农户选择种植常规稻品种黄华占,其实际产量已达到该品种潜在产量的90%左右;种植油菜品种的种类较多且产量差异较大。综上,武穴市稻油系统仍具有较大的增产空间;缩小当地稻油系统产量差的技术措施包括:适当深耕提高土壤生产力;油菜季选择当地适宜的高产油菜品种;水稻季加强推广高产优质杂交稻品种,重点关注增加水稻用种量,提高直播密度和播种时的封闭除草,系统周年施肥管理上应降低油菜季而提高水稻季的肥料用量,水稻季仅施底肥的农户适当增施追肥等。展开更多
In this study, information is collected on the weather, soils, field management and agricultural statistics in the Bangladesh, India and Myanmar（BIM） region. Crop growth parameters within the EPIC（Environmental Pol...In this study, information is collected on the weather, soils, field management and agricultural statistics in the Bangladesh, India and Myanmar（BIM） region. Crop growth parameters within the EPIC（Environmental Policy Integrated Climate） model are calibrated using cultivar data and regional experimental records of indica hybrid rice Fyou498 and Fengliangyou4 in China. Potential yields of rice are then simulated in the BIM region from 1996 to 2005. The effects of local irrigation and fertilization levels on super hybrid rice yield are examined. The potential yields of Chinese hybrid rice at local irrigation and fertilization levels in 2000 and at full irrigation and rational fertilization levels are found to be 10.22 t/ha and 11.33 t/ha, respectively. The potential for increasing monsoon rice production in the study region is 227.71 million tons. The eastern Indo-Gangetic Plain in India, the southeast coast of India Peninsula and the Ayeyarwady Delta in Myanmar have the largest potentials for monsoon rice production. The northeastern and southwestern areas of the Deccan Plateau and the northwestern region of the Indo-Gangetic Plain need to improve irrigation equipment to meet the water-use requirements of high-yield rice. The central and southern plains in Myanmar and northeastern India need greater access to nitrogen fertilization for high-yield rice.展开更多
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFE0101100 and 2016YFD0201137)the Innovative Group Grant of the National Science Foundation of China (31421092)
文摘Mango is an important cash crop in the tropics and subtropics. Determining the yield gap of mango and production constraints can potentially promote the sustainable development of the mango industry. In this study, boundary line analysis based on survey data from 103 smallholder farmers and a yield gap model were used to determine the yield gap and production constraints in mango plantations in the northern mountain, central valley and southern mountains regions of Tianyang County, Guangxi, China. The results indicated that the yield of mango in three representing regions of Tianyang County,Northern Mountains, Central Valley and Southern Mountains, was 18.3, 17.0 and 15.4 t ha^–1 yr^–1, with an explainable yield gap of 10.9, 6.1 and 14.8 t ha^–1 yr^–1, respectively. Fertilization management, including fertilizer N, P2O5 and K2O application rates, and planting density were the main limiting factors of mango yield in all three regions. In addition, tree age influenced mango yield in the Northern Mountains(11.1%) and Central Valley(11.7%) regions. Irrigation time influenced mango yield in the Northern Mountains(9.9%) and Southern Mountains(12.2%). Based on a scenario analysis, the predicted yield would increase by up to 50%, and fertilizer N use would be reduced by as much as approximately 20%. An improved understanding of production constraints will aid in the development of management strategy measures to increase mango yield.
文摘明确农户水平稻油系统的产量差及进一步增产的限制因素对保障我国粮油安全具有重要作用。本研究以我国典型稻油系统生产区湖北省武穴市为研究对象,采用作物模型与田间调查相结合的方法评估了该地区稻油系统周年产量差,并使用单因素方差分析和条件推断树综合比较了农户在土壤条件和管理措施上的差异,以探究该地区限制稻油系统产量进一步增长的主要栽培因素及可行的增产途径,为因地制宜地缩小产量差提供新思路。结果表明:(1)武穴市水稻季和油菜季的潜在产量分别为11.79 t hm^(-2)和4.43 t hm^(-2),按照水稻和油菜籽粒的能量当量换算系统周年能量后,稻油系统的最高周年潜在能量为284 GJ hm^(-2)。水稻季和油菜季的平均实际产量分别为8.11 t hm^(-2)和1.82 t hm^(-2),系统平均实际周年能量为165 GJ hm^(-2)。该地区稻油系统的平均周年相对产量差(产量差与潜在产量的比值)为42%,其中油菜季(59%)比水稻季(31%)具有更大的产量提升空间。相较于湖北省和长江流域的平均水平,武穴市稻油系统周年潜在能量相近,而周年实际能量分别低13%和5%,导致该地区的产量差相对较大,其中分别有83%和61%的农户相对产量差大于湖北省和长江流域平均水平。(2)该地区周年产量较低的农户具有以下主要特征:土壤为沙壤土,耕层较浅;水稻季虫草害防治效果差,水稻季肥料做底肥一次施用且轻施氮、钾肥;油菜季重施肥料,且油菜机收损失较大。(3)武穴市89%的农户选择种植常规稻品种黄华占,其实际产量已达到该品种潜在产量的90%左右;种植油菜品种的种类较多且产量差异较大。综上,武穴市稻油系统仍具有较大的增产空间;缩小当地稻油系统产量差的技术措施包括:适当深耕提高土壤生产力;油菜季选择当地适宜的高产油菜品种;水稻季加强推广高产优质杂交稻品种,重点关注增加水稻用种量,提高直播密度和播种时的封闭除草,系统周年施肥管理上应降低油菜季而提高水稻季的肥料用量,水稻季仅施底肥的农户适当增施追肥等。
基金Key Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,No.ZDRW-ZS-2016-6National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2017YFC0503803
文摘In this study, information is collected on the weather, soils, field management and agricultural statistics in the Bangladesh, India and Myanmar（BIM） region. Crop growth parameters within the EPIC（Environmental Policy Integrated Climate） model are calibrated using cultivar data and regional experimental records of indica hybrid rice Fyou498 and Fengliangyou4 in China. Potential yields of rice are then simulated in the BIM region from 1996 to 2005. The effects of local irrigation and fertilization levels on super hybrid rice yield are examined. The potential yields of Chinese hybrid rice at local irrigation and fertilization levels in 2000 and at full irrigation and rational fertilization levels are found to be 10.22 t/ha and 11.33 t/ha, respectively. The potential for increasing monsoon rice production in the study region is 227.71 million tons. The eastern Indo-Gangetic Plain in India, the southeast coast of India Peninsula and the Ayeyarwady Delta in Myanmar have the largest potentials for monsoon rice production. The northeastern and southwestern areas of the Deccan Plateau and the northwestern region of the Indo-Gangetic Plain need to improve irrigation equipment to meet the water-use requirements of high-yield rice. The central and southern plains in Myanmar and northeastern India need greater access to nitrogen fertilization for high-yield rice.
