Effect of Six-fourth Generation Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenée) on Rice yield and Control Index

[Objective] The study aimed to find out effects of six-fourth generation Cnaphalocrocis medinalis （Guenée） on rice production in Yangzhou district and its control index. [Method] Through artificial control of insects in field, four different insect volume gradients were set, the effects of different C. medinalis amounts on leaf roll rate and yield loss of Wuyunjing No.23 were determined. [Result] The results showed that within the range of 0-20 head/hill, as the amounts of insect increased, rice yield decreased, leaf roll rate and rice yield loss rate increased. According to 3% economic permit loss rate, the control index of C. medinalis on Wuyunjing No.23 was 173 head/hill. [Conclusion] The study would provide theoretical basis for effective controlling of six-fourth generation C. medinalis in Yangzhou district.

Introducing a drought index to a crop model can help to reduce the gap between the simulated and statistical yield

A well-established and pre-calibrated crop model can normally represent the overall characteristics of crop growth and yield.However,it can hardly include all relevant factors that affect the yield,and usually overestimates the crop yield when extreme weather conditions occur.In this study,the authors first introduced a drought index(the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index)into a process-based crop model(the Agro-C model).Then,the authors evaluated the model’s performance in simulating the historical crop yields in a double cropping system in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain of China,by comparing the model simulations to the statistical records.The results showed that the adjusted Agro-C model significantly improved its performance in simulating the yields of both maize and wheat as affected by drought events,compared with its original version.It can be concluded that incorporating a drought index into a crop model is feasible and can facilitate closing the gap between simulated and statistical yields.

Nitrogen Nutrition Index and Its Relationship with N Use Efficiency, Tuber Yield, Radiation Use Effi ciency, and Leaf Parameters in Potatoes

Knowledge about crop growth processes in relation to N limitation is necessary to optimize N management in farming system. Plant-based diagnostic method, for instance nitrogen nutrition index （NNI） were used to determine the crop nitrogen status. This study determines the relationship of NNI with agronomic nitrogen use efficiency （AEN）, tuber yield, radiation use efficiency （RUE） and leaf parameters including leaf area index （LAI）, areal leaf N content （NJ and leaf N concentration （N0. Potatoes were grown in field at three N levels： no N （N 1）, 150 kg N ha^-1 （N2）, 300 kg N ha^-1 （N3）. N deficiency was quantified by NNI and RUE was generally calculated by estimating of the light absorbance on leaf area. NNI was used to evaluate the N effect on tuber yield, RUE, LAI, NAL, and NL. The results showed that NNI was negatively correlated with AEN, N deficiencies （NNI〈 1） which occurred for N 1 and N2 significantly reduced LAI, NL and tuber yield; whereas the N deficiencies had a relative small effect on NAL and RUE. To remove any effect other than N on these parameters, the actual ratio to maximum values were calculated for each developmental linear relationships were obtained between NNI and tuber RUE to NNI. stage of potatoes. When the NNI ranged from 0.4 to 1, positive yield, LAI, NL, while a nonlinear regression fitted the response of

Effect of Lime and Phosphorus on Yield and Yield Components of Groundnut Varieties [Arachis hypogaea L.] on Acidic Soil in Nedjo District, Western Ethiopia

Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important cash crop for smallholder farmers in western Ethiopia. However, the yield of the crop is very low mainly because of strong soil acidity and poor soil fertility management. A study conducted to evaluate the effect of lime and mineral phosphorus fertilizer on yield components and yield of groundnut. The treatments consisted of three phosphorus rates (0, 46 and 92 kg P2O5·ha-1), three lime rates (0, 6, and 11 ton lime·ha-1), and three groundnut varieties (local cultivar, Werer-961, and Werer-963) was laid-out as a randomized complete design in a factorial arrangement with three replications. The corresponding rates of phosphorus applied per pot of soil (7 kg) amounted to 0, 107 and 215 mg kg·soil-1 and those of lime amounted to 0, 14, and 26 g kg·soil-1. The analysis of variance showed that phenological characters, yield, and yield components significantly affected by interaction of variety, phosphorus, and lime. The highest dry pod yield produced by Werer-963 (2 kg dry pod yield·pot-1) in response to the application 11 t·ha-1 lime and 46 kg P2O5·ha-1. However, Werer-961 produced medium (1.5 kg dry pod yield·pot-1) at 11 t·ha-1 lime and 92 kg P2O5·ha-1 and the local cultivar produced minimum (1 kg dry pod yield·pot-1) at the application of 11 t·ha-1 lime and 92 kg P2O5·ha-1. In terms of phosphorus yield efficiency index, Werer-963 was highly efficient (index of 1.71), and Werer-961 was moderately efficient (index of 0.6). However, the local cultivar was inefficient (index of 0.04). It is at, in acidic soil of the study area Werer-963 is the best to be cultivated with application of lime 11 t·ha-1 and 46 kg P2O5·ha-1 fertilizer, followed by Werer-961. The results of this pot experiment have revealed that farmers in the study area need to switch to cultivating the improved varieties of groundnut rather than local variety with the application of high rates of lime and moderate amounts of phosphorus.

Relationship of Parental Indica-Japonica Indexes with Yield and Grain Quality Traits of Japonica Hybrid Rice in Northern China

Taking the main parents （10 male sterile lines and 10 restorer lines） and their 100 combinations of japonica hybrid rice in northern China as materials, the relationships of parental indica-japonica indexes determined by the methods of the Cheng’s index as well as simple sequence repeat （SSR） markers with yield and grain quality traits of hybrid rice were studied. For the parents, the Cheng’s index （Chi） ranged from 13.5 to 19.3 and the indica index in SSR markers （ADi） were from 0.12 to 0.38. The classification of parents by Chi was not completely consistent with that by ADi. The Chi of male parent was more closely related to hybrid traits than that of female parent, as contrasted to ADi. At the same time, the difference between parents （PD） in Chi was more closely related to hybrid traits than that in ADi. The indica-japonica indexes of parents and their difference between parents appeared quadratic relationship to hybrid traits with the critical extremum. The directions of the correlation of indica-japonica indexes of parents and their differences with hybrid yield traits were on the opposition to those with hybrid grain quality traits. Therefore, the female parent should match the male parent moderately in indica-japonica index to obtain the optimum of hybrid traits, high yield as well as good quality.

Relationships of Panicle Type Index with Subspecies Characteristics and Yield Traits in Filial Generation of Crosses between Indica and Japonica Rice

Two recombinant inbred line （RIL） populations, one derived from a cross between Zhongyouzao 8 （indica） and Toyonishiki （japonica） and the other from a cross between Qishanzhan （indica） and Akihikari （japonica）, were grown in Liaoning and Sichuan Provinces, China, to study the panicle type index （PTI, the ratio of a number of node position on panicle axis where the secondary branch with the most numerous secondary branch grains is located to the number of primary branches） and its relationships with subspecies characteristics and yield traits. With continuous distribution of PTI and numerous of lines with different PTIs in the progenies, indica-japonica hybridization could be a method for breeding cultivars with ideal panicle type. PTI was significantly influenced by environments, with a significant decrease from Liaoning to Sichuan A significantly negative correlation was found between PTI and most of subspecies characteristics. PTI varied remarkably with different subspecies types. As a whole, it showed a trend of indica （H）〉indicalinous （H＇）〉japonicalinous （K＇）〉japonica （K） However, it is not appropriate to regard PTI as a parameter for subspecies classification in rice because it was recombined in the filial generations of cross between indica and japonica rice. The negative correlations were found between PTI and most of panicle characteristics, as well as yield-related traits. Based on PTI, most of lines from the two populations were middle dominant panicle type （the number of grains on the secondary branch is numerous in middle position of the panicle） and lower dominant panicle type （the number of grains on the secondary branch is numerous in lower position of the panicle and becomes less towards the top of panicle） with significant yield advantages.

化学封顶对不同果枝数棉田株型和产量的影响及其评价指标的筛选

【目的】研究化学封顶对不同果枝数棉田株型和产量的影响及其评价指标的筛选,分析棉花化学封顶剂摇钱素和向铃转的最佳施药时期,优选化学封顶效果评价指标,为化学封顶筛选应用提供支撑。【方法】采用完全随机区组试验设计,以人工打顶为对照,选择化学封顶剂摇钱素和向铃转,分别设置果枝数9台时、果枝数10台时、果枝数11台时、果枝数12台时4个化学封顶处理,测量棉花株高及株高增长量、倒1果枝~倒4果枝长度、有效果枝数、单株果节数、茎粗、主茎节间数、棉铃空间分布和籽棉产量。【结果】与人工打顶相比,果枝数9台时化学封顶处理的棉花株高显著增加,果枝数10台时施用向铃转、果枝数11台和12台时喷施摇钱素后单株果节数增加,化学封顶后主茎节间数增多、倒1果枝~倒4果枝长度变短,果枝数10台时施用向铃转后有效果枝率、化学封顶后茎粗、除果枝数9台时喷施摇钱素后上部铃占比外棉铃空间分布均变化不大。果枝数10台时喷施向铃转、果枝数11台和12台时喷施摇钱素后籽棉产量与人工打顶相比差异不显著。单株有效果枝率(以下简称果枝率)可作为化学封顶对棉花株型调控的评价指标。【结论】果枝数10台时喷施向铃转、果枝数11台时喷施摇钱素后棉花有效果枝率和单株果节数最高、株高增长量不高、籽棉产量不降低,有效果枝率可用于评价化学封顶对棉花株型调控的首选指标。

基于无人机多光谱遥感数据的植被指数玉米估产模型研究

玉米作为主要的粮食作物,其产量估产意义较为重大。传统的产量估算方法均以数据抽样调查为主,产量估算精度较低。随着新技术新方法的不断涌现,该文以无人机结合多光谱遥感技术,通过采集玉米的拔节期、吐丝期、乳熟期、蜡熟期4个关键生育期植被指数的变化,通过产量构建分析模型,并验证筛选合理的模型用于产量估算。经验证,在乳熟期,依据RVI、DVI、SAVI构建的产量模型精度较高。在蜡熟期,依据NDVI、RVI、DVI、SAVI构建的产量模型较高。通过以上研究,对于在玉米生长过程中,能够积极结合数据变化,便于高效开展农作物种植,估测作物产量具有重要的指导意义。

基于无人机多光谱NDVI值估测玉米产量

【目的】研究基于UAS-8无人机采集数据,运用归一化植被指数(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index)模型估测玉米产量,为大田无人机多光谱预测玉米产量提供理论依据。【方法】以新疆18份春播玉米为研究对象,获取开花期多光谱图像,经过辐射校正、大气校正、建立掩膜、提取NDVI图,计算植被覆盖率,得到区光谱反射率和归一化植被指数实际数值,将NDVI值与田间实测产量值进行模型拟合。【结果】幂函数Y=23411.46-10997.99/X(R^(2)=0.4886),二次函数为Y=39003.00-117963.03X+103130.25X 2(R^(2)=0.562),正反比函数(Inverse Proportional Function)为Y 2=2840.5 X/(1-X)(R^(2)=0.495),利用偏最小二乘回归(Partial Least Squares Regression),其线性函数Y=24458.22X-9620.55(R^(2)=0.521)。【结论】在数值0.5~0.8区间,NDVI与玉米产量具有较高的相关性,线性函数方程NDVI值可预测玉米的产量。

种衣剂防治小麦茎基腐病效果的评价

茎基腐病已成为黄淮小麦主产区最具破坏性的土传病害之一,对我国粮食安全供给构成严重威胁。目前抗茎基腐病主栽品种稀少,生产上主要依赖于化学农药措施。药剂拌种可以有效防治茎基腐病。综合评价现有的种衣剂对小麦茎基腐病的防治及增产效果,以期为合理用药提供依据。采取高感茎基腐病小麦品种郑麦1354为研究对象,播种前种子包衣晾干,利用高致病力茎基腐病菌株PY20-20培养小米菌谷,连续2个小麦生长季利用进行人工接种病圃,包衣种子和接种菌谷等重量混合播种,分别于小麦拔节期和乳熟期记载处理小区植株发病情况,调查9种种衣剂处理后不同生育期的病情指数(disease index,DI),成熟收获后测定小区实际产量,结合小麦产量相关性状,比较种衣剂防病增产作用。结果表明:种衣剂处理后拔节期茎基腐病DI值均小于1.0,显著小于空白对照(5.07),防治效果为85.09%~100%,其中33 g·L^(-1)咯菌·噻虫胺、9%苯甲·吡虫啉和35 g·L^(-1)精甲霜灵·咯菌腈的防效达到为97%~100%。在乳熟期,种衣剂处理后茎基腐病DI平均值低于15,显著小于空白对照(81.55),其中35 g·L^(-1)精甲霜灵·咯菌腈和9%苯甲·吡虫啉防效较好,平均防效分别达到92%和95%,而且分别增产39.62%和36.31%。综合而言,采用种衣剂35 g·L^(-1)精甲霜灵·咯菌腈和9%苯甲·吡虫啉防治小麦茎基腐病效果好且增产效果显著,具有较好的应用前景。

钢坯定重动态智能调控技术探讨

近年来,随着棒材生产多线切分常态化,高速棒材生产技术及钢坯免加热直接轧制技术日益成熟,并得到广泛应用。在棒材生产过程中,许多企业实现了钢坯快速输送并直接轧制,生产效率大大提高。但是,轧钢生产线要求连铸工序对钢坯进行定重控制,采用跨单位电话通知方式进行人工调整,响应速度慢、稳定性差,难以满足快节奏的生产模式,导致轧后通尺量大,严重制约成材率指标的提高。因此,从连铸到轧钢工序系统考虑,通过建立数学模型,运用在线检测、信息计算技术,实现生产过程的动态调整,达到无人干预并自动控制的目的,为生产线实现高效智能制造提供切实可行的技术控制方法。

不同施氮水平下硅肥对谷子抗倒伏能力、产量和品质的影响

[目的]倒伏严重影响谷子产量和品质。探究不同施氮水平下硅肥提高谷子茎秆强度、产量及品质的作用,为谷子高产高效施肥提供技术方案。[方法]以晋谷21和张杂13为供试谷子品种,在山西太谷进行大田试验。在常规施氮量N_(1)(180 kg/hm^(2))和高施氮量N_(2)(450 kg/hm^(2))下,分别设置不施硅、施用硅酸钠(Si_(1),SiO_(2) 68.85 kg/hm^(2))和硅钙肥(Si_(2),SiO_(2) 67.2 kg/hm^(2)),共6个处理。在谷子成熟期测量其株高、抗倒伏能力相关指标、光合特性、产量和品质相关指标,并观察茎秆横切面显微结构。[结果]N_(1)水平下,施用硅肥降低了谷子基节长度,增加了茎粗、茎秆抗折力和穿刺力,晋谷21和张杂13两品种前五基节的节间长度分别降低了4.1%~30.1%和9.5%~11.5%,茎粗分别增加5.3%~19.4%和13.0%~34.1%;晋谷21抗倒性在N_(1)-Si_(1)处理较强,第一、第二基节抗倒伏指数较N_(1)-Si_0处理分别增加37.4%和35.8%,张杂13在N_(1)-Si_(2)处理时较强,第一、第二基节抗倒伏指数较N_(1)-Si_0处理分别增加136.0%和94.7%。N_(2)水平下,施用硅肥后晋谷21和张杂13前五基节的节间长度分别降低了9.6%~30.3%和10.6%~14.9%,茎粗分别增加了9.56%~23.9%和16.2%~31.0%,茎秆扁平度降低。硅钙肥对谷子茎秆强度影响大于硅酸钠,N_(2)-Si_(2)处理晋谷21的第二基节抗折力、穿刺力和抗倒伏指数比N_(2)-Si_0分别增加97.9%、77.6%和83.3%,张杂13的第一基节抗折力、穿刺力和抗倒伏指数比N_(2)-Si_0分别增加74.0%、66.8%和128%。施硅后谷子茎秆中机械组织增厚,维管束数量增多且排列均匀,向茎秆中心延伸,且在N_(2)水平下,硅钙肥作用效果优于硅酸钠。硅可促进谷子穗码发育,增加穗粗、穗粒数和千粒重,在高氮水平下硅钙肥处理使晋谷21和张杂13的产量分别增加23.8%和24.0%。施用硅肥能够提高谷子脂肪、蛋白质和氨基酸含量,在高氮水平下可以降低谷子直链淀粉/支链淀粉值。[结论]在高氮条件下,施用硅钙肥使谷子前五基节长度降低,茎粗增加,机械强度增加,进而提高抗倒伏能力;施用硅肥还可增加光合速率和蒸腾速率,促进物质积累和运输,增加产量,改善品质。

陇东旱地冬小麦品种抗旱性鉴定

为研究陇东特殊干旱气候条件下抗旱育种的进展与现状,选取近20 a陇东旱地选育的14个冬小麦新品种(系)为材料,以籽粒产量抗旱指数等为全生育期抗旱性鉴定指标,在旱棚进行全生育期干旱胁迫试验。结果表明,陇育4号和宁麦5号抗旱指数在1.100~1.299范围内,抗旱级别为2级;陇育7号和陇鉴387抗旱指数在0.700~0.899范围内,抗旱级别为4级;其余10个材料抗旱指数在0.900~1.099范围内,抗旱级别为3级。抗旱性级别在2~3级的材料占85.7%。产量性状主因子分析发现,抗旱级别为2级的陇育4号和宁麦5号,在干旱胁迫下有效穗数、穗粒数和千粒重无明显变化;抗旱级别为4级的陇育7号和陇鉴387,在干旱胁迫下有效穗数、穗粒数和千粒重均减幅较大;抗旱级别为3级的其余10个材料在干旱条件下,其产量性状三要素有效穗数、穗粒数、千粒重中只有一项发生变化,没有两项叠加变化。

福建漳州平和柚天气指数保险产品设计与定价

柚产业是福建省漳州市平和县的支柱产业,为分散当地柚生产的经营风险,基于福建省漳州市平和县1985−2022年柚产量及对应年份3月中旬至8月上旬的天气数据,将柚单产数据分解成趋势单产和气象单产,并调整单产数据使其转化到2024年的生产力水平下的单产,选用核密度估计法拟合该序列的概率密度函数并用于纯费率厘定;而后利用调整后单产数据和天气数据进行相关性分析,筛选显著的天气指数。结果显示:4月中下旬降雨量指数与调整后单产的线性关系最为显著。对于2024年约定的保障产量51000 kg·hm^(−2)和保险价格2.8元·kg^(−1),即每667m^(2)保险金额为9520元,厘定纯费率为4.0191%、保险费率为4.6220%;对于降雨量指数RI的保险赔付触发值160 mm以及RI的8个分级赔付区间,分别计算得到了对应的赔付事件发生概率,并给出了对应的赔付金额计算公式。

气候变化背景下黑龙江省东南部水稻增产潜力评估分析

研究旨在评估黑龙江省东南部水稻气候生产潜力,并分析其增产空间,以便为该地区合理有效利用气候资源、提高水稻生产力提供科学依据。通过收集发育期观测数据,确定了水稻播种、移栽及成熟的临界温度指标,并采用联合国粮食和农业组织(FAO)推荐的逐步订正法计算了水稻的气候生产潜力。进而还分析了多年气候变化对水稻生产潜力的影响。研究结果显示,播种期、出苗期和成熟期的临界温度分别为5℃、12.5℃、10℃。在五常、宾县、宁安地区,无论是从播种到成熟期间,还是从移栽到成熟期间,水稻的气候生产潜力均呈现出增长趋势。特别是在气候变暖的情况下,宁安地区的水稻生产受到了积极影响。通过对1961-2020年的数据进行分析,发现黑龙江省东南部从播种到成熟期的水稻单产增产潜力呈现先下降后升高的趋势,该地区的水稻实际生产力逐渐提高,即实际单产有所增加。然而,与其气候生产潜力相比,仍存在较大的差距,表明该地区水稻的增产空间仍然巨大。本研究的结果不仅为水稻生产的合理布局提供了科学依据,还为充分有效利用气候资源提供了指导。

灌浆期干旱胁迫对小麦西农106部分生理指标、产量及品质的影响

为了解小麦品种‘西农106’灌浆期的抗旱性,以小麦品种‘周麦18’为对照,通过盆栽称重控水模拟干旱环境,比较分析正常供水、中度干旱胁迫和重度干旱胁迫处理下小麦的旗叶面积、SPAD值、荧光、抗氧化酶活性等抗旱生理指标及产量和品质的差异。结果表明,与正常供水处理相比,在重度干旱处理下两个品种的旗叶面积、SPAD值、荧光参数(F_(v)/F_(m)、Φ_(PSⅡ)和qP)均显著降低,其中‘西农106’的Φ_(PSⅡ)和qP降低幅度更小;在重度干旱处理下,两个品种旗叶MDA含量、抗氧化酶活性、可溶性糖含量和可溶性蛋白含量均显著升高。重度干旱胁迫后,‘周麦18’和‘西农106’的千粒质量和产量均显著下降,其中千粒质量降幅分别为41.96%和35.33%,产量降幅分别为40.43%和42.53%。重度干旱胁迫显著降低小麦籽粒淀粉含量和吸水率,显著提高籽粒蛋白含量、湿面筋含量、体积质量、稳定时间和沉降值。中度干旱胁迫对两个品种生理、产量和品质的影响较小,以上指标变化基本上表现不显著。综合来看,在荧光特性和产量性状方面‘西农106’品种表现出较好的抗旱性。

基于地面高光谱遥感的大豆产量估算模型研究

为在田间管理中对作物产量进行估测,通过两年大田试验收集了大豆生殖生长期的高光谱数据及产量数据,基于各生育期一阶微分光谱反射率计算了7个光谱指数:比值指数(Ratio index, RI)、差值指数(Difference index, DI)、归一化光谱指数(Normalized difference vegetation index, NDVI)、土壤调整光谱指数(Soil-adjusted iegetation index, SAVI)、三角光谱指数(Triangular vegetation index, TVI)、改进红边归一光谱指数(Modified normalized difference index, mNDI)和改进红边比值光谱指数(Modified simple ratio, mSR),使用相关矩阵法将光谱指数与大豆产量数据进行相关性分析并提取最佳波长组合,随后将计算结果作为与大豆产量相关的最佳光谱指数,最后将各生育期筛选出的与大豆产量相关系数最高的5个光谱指数作为模型输入变量,利用支持向量机(Support vector machine, SVM)、随机森林(Random forest, RF)和反向神经网络(Back propagation neural network, BPNN)构建大豆产量估算模型并进行验证。结果表明,各生育期(全花期(R2)、全荚期(R4)和鼓粒期(R6))计算的光谱指数与产量的相关系数均高于0.6,相关性较好,其中全荚期的光谱指数FDmSR与大豆产量的相关系数最高,达到0.717;大豆产量最优估算模型的方法是输入变量为全荚期构建的一阶微分光谱指数和RF组合的建模方法,模型验证集R2为0.85,RMSE和MRE分别为272.80 kg/hm^(2)和5.12%。本研究成果可为基于高光谱遥感技术的作物产量估测提供理论依据和应用参考。

不同县域水稻产量变化的关键土壤肥力因素分析

土壤肥力是影响水稻产量的重要因素,研究土壤理化性质和水稻产量的关系有助于优化不同区域水稻生产和科学培肥。该研究基于县域研究尺度,选取了中国东北的方正县、长江中游的宁乡市和长江中下游的进贤县,分析水稻绝对产量、相对产量和可持续产量指数,并探讨不同区域影响水稻产量的关键肥力因素。结果表明:由于稻作模式不同,宁乡市的两季水稻产量(9414.89 kg/hm^(2))显著(P<0.05)高于方正县的一季稻产量(8224.31 kg/hm^(2))和进贤县的晚稻季产量(5691.38 kg/hm^(2)),但方正县的水稻相对产量均值(89.88%)显著(P<0.05)高于宁乡市(73.84%)和进贤县(65.67%),且方正县的可持续产量指数也相对较高(0.86),显示出该县域在产量和稳定性方面的优势;依据相对产量划分的低、中、高产水平的分析表明,高产水平下方正县、宁乡市、进贤县的土壤肥力指标和综合肥力指数较高。不同县域影响相对产量的主要肥力因子不同,方正县、宁乡市、进贤县水稻可持续产量指数变化的关键肥力因素分别是土壤有效磷(贡献度为8.68%)、碱解氮(贡献度为12.92%)、有机质(贡献度为15.37%)。在后续的水稻生产中,建议方正县重点关注土壤有效磷的管理,宁乡市和进贤县则应注重提升土壤碱解氮和有机质含量。

小麦高代系的抗旱性状筛选与抗旱性评价

于2020—2021年度和2021—2022年度两个生长季,在杨凌抗旱棚(DS)、杨凌农作一站(YAS)和乾县试验站(QX)3个环境下分别测定了43份和20份小麦高代系的8个农艺性状及8个产量性状,通过计算抗旱指数评价各性状对小麦抗旱指标的贡献率,同时利用隶属函数法、聚类分析等方法进行综合分析,筛选抗旱性强的小麦高代系。结果表明,在干旱胁迫环境(DS)下,小麦的农艺性状和产量性状均受到不同程度的抑制。基于各性状对小麦抗旱指数的贡献度,筛选出生物量、产量、小穗数和千粒重等作为评价小麦抗旱性的重要指标。通过抗旱性综合评价值D和聚类分析将供试小麦品种(系)分为高抗旱、抗旱、中等抗旱、干旱敏感和干旱高敏感5个等级,两年度鉴定出21-1、21-34、21-39、21-18、21-2和22-17共6份高抗旱小麦品系。

不同夜间温度条件下外源水杨酸对大豆产量的调控作用

在全球气候变暖的背景下,夜间高温成为大豆高产的不利因素之一。水杨酸(Salicylic Acid,SA)是一种重要的植物激素,外源喷施SA可提升植物应对高温干旱等逆境的能力。为探究夜间高温危害的应对措施,选用2种生育期相近的大豆品种中黄39和中黄76,设置3个夜间温度(T1:18℃;T2:23℃;T3:28℃),每个夜间温度下设置3个SA浓度处理(SA0:CK;SA1:0.1 mmol·L^(-1) SA;SA2:0.5 mmol·L^(-1) SA)。探讨外源SA对鼓粒期夜间温度升高环境下大豆产量的调控作用。结果表明:与T1+CK处理相比,夜间温度升高,大豆单株荚数、单株粒数、地上部干物质、产量和收获指数均下降,中黄39和中黄76产量分别降低6.34%~27.13%和14.99%~45.66%。夜间温度升高,喷施SA可显著提高大豆净光合速率、地上部干物质、单株荚数和粒数,降低呼吸强度,使产量和收获指数显著提升,中黄39和中黄76表现一致。其中,28℃夜间温度条件下,喷施SA处理大豆产量增幅达45.69%~48.55%。研究结果表明,外施SA可以在一定程度上缓解夜间高温造成的大豆产量损失,提高收获指数。