Suitable growing zone and yield potential for late-maturity type of Yongyou japonica/indica hybrid rice in the lower reaches of Yangtze River, China

Late-maturity type of Yongyou japonica/indica hybrids series （LMYS） have shown great yield potential, and are being widely planted in the lower reaches of Yangtze River, China. Knowledge about suitable growing zone and evaluation of yield advantage is of practicall importance for LMYS in this region. Fifteen LMYS, two high-yielding inbred japonica check varieties （CK-J） and two high-yielding hybrid indica check varieties （CK-I） were grown at Xinghua （119.57°E, 33.05°N） of Lixiahe region, Yangzhou （119.25°E, 32.30°N）of Yanjiang region, Changshu （120.46°E, 31.41°N）of Taihu Lake region, and Ningbo （121.31°E, 29.45°N） of Ningshao Plain in 2013 and 2014. The results showed that maturity dates of the 15 were later than the secure maturity date at Xinghua and 6, 14 and 15 LMYS were mature before the secure maturity date at Yangzhou, Changshu and Ningbo, respectively. One variety was identified as high-yielding variety among LMYS （HYYS） at Yangzhou, 8 HYYS in 201：3 and 9 HYYS in 2014 at Changshu, 9 HYYS at Ningbo. HYYS here referred to the variety among LMYS that was mature before the secure maturity date and had at least 8% higher grain yield than both CK-J and CK-I at each experimental site. Grain yield of HYYS at each experimental site was about 12.0 t ha-1 or higher, and was significantly higher than CK varieties. High yield of HYYS was mainly attributed to larger sink size due to more spikelets per panicle. Plant height of HYYS was about 140 cm, and was significantly higher than check varieties. Significant positive correlations were recorded between duration from heading to maturity stage and grain yield, and also between whole growth periods and grain yield. HYYS had obvious advantage over check varieties in biomass accumulation and leaf area duration from heading to maturity stage. Comprehensive consideration about safe matudty and yield performance of LMYS at each experimental site, Taihu Lake region （representative site Changshu） and Ningshao Plain （representative site Ningbo） were thought suitable growing zones for LMYS in the lower reaches of Yangtze River. The main factors underlying high yield ofHYYS were larger sink size, higher plant height, longer duration from heading to maturity stage and whole growth periods, and higher biomass accumulation and leaf area duration during grain filling stage.

Optimize nitrogen fertilization location in root-growing zone to increase grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency of transplanted rice in subtropical China

The optimized nitrogen fertilization location differs in different rice-growing regions. We optimized nitrogen deep-point application in root-growing zone（NARZ） for transplanted rice in subtropical China. Field plot experiments were conducted over two years（2014–2015） in a double-rice cropping system to evaluate the effects of nitrogen（N） fertilizer location on grain yield and N use efficiency（NUE）. Four different nitrogen deep-point application methods（DN） were compared with traditional broadcast application（BN） using granular urea. The results showed that grain yield, recovery efficiency of N（REN）, agronomic efficiency of N（AEN）, and partial factor productivity of N（PFP_N） significantly increased 10.3–63.4, 13.7–56.7, 24.7–201.9 and 10.2–63.4%, respectively, in DN treatment compared to BN, respectively. We also find that DN treatments increased grain yield as well as grain N content, and thus grain quality, in comparison with conventional BN treatment. Correlation analysis indicated that significant improvement in grain yield and NUE mainly resulted from increases in productive panicle number and grain N content. In our proposed NARZ method, granular urea should be placed 0 to 5 cm around the rice seeding at a 12-cm depth druing rice transplanting. In NARZ, balanced application of N, P and K further improved grain yield and NUE over treatments with a single N deep-point application. High N uptake by the rice plant did not cause significant soil fertility depletion, demonstrating that this method could guarantee sustainable rice production.

Specific yield of phreatic variation zone in karst aquifer with the method of water level analysis

Regime of groundwater level is a comprehensive reflection of the hydrogeological environment from the perspective of groundwater. Based on the analysis of the water-level change of 65 groundwater monitoring points from 1987 to 1990, it is found that intermittent cones of depression came into being due to groundwater exploitation in Guilin during the observation period. The buried depth of groundwater in the drawdown cones, the annual variation of water level and specific yield have higher values. Improvement has been made to the formula of infiltration coefficient of precipitation. By using the precipitation response data recorded at every 15 minutes for water level of No. 9 borehole which is near Zengpiyan Cave, the specific yield of phreatic variation zone is indirectly calculated by using the modified formula. The results are range from 0.012 to 0.462 and the spatial distribution of specific yield is ascertained. These make up the deficiency that empirical values cannot be categorized based on the actual conditions. What’s more, the widely used Aviriyanover’s empirical formula is poorly applicable to karst area. This is due to its strict requirement for outside conditions, such as shallow buried depth, homogeneous aquifer medium and small hydraulic gradient.

Genetic Variability, Heritability and Correlation of Some Morphological and Yield Components Traits in Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Collections

The study was conducted with the main objective to evaluate the genetic variability, heritability, and clustering pattern exploration of morphological and yield related traits in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) collections in the bimodal rainfall agroecological zone of Cameroon using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The data obtained on morphological and yield traits were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that the viability rate of the collections varied from 77.78% to 96.55% respectively for the Maffo and Desiree collections, while the greatest number of tubers per plant varied from 4 to 18 respectively for Synergie and Desiree. The emergence rate varies from 60% to 1.66% respectively for Maffo et Doza collections. However, Desiree presents the highest TL (96.55) while Maffo shows the lowest value (77.78%). The yield per hectare varied from 1.14 to 9.3 t/h for Maffo and Doza respectively. For all the characteristics observed, Phenotypic Coefficients of Variation (PCV) were higher than Genotypic Coefficients of Variation (GCV) suggesting the role of environment in the expression of traits under observation. The highest GCV and PCV 47.55 and 58.94 respectively were observed for Diameter at the collar (DC). Most of the traits showed high GAM (>20%)) except Average Tuber Length (ATL) with a moderate value (19.8). In terms of vegetative development, the Desiree variety showed the highest performance. Based on the growth and yield results, Doza seems to be the most recommendable crop in the study area.

0.003%丙酰芸苔素内酯对寒地水稻生长及产量的影响

为促进新型植物生长调节剂丙酰芸苔素内酯在寒地水稻高产优质栽培中的实际应用效果,以水稻品种富合48为材料,研究不同浓度0.003%丙酰芸苔素内酯对水稻生长及产量构成的影响。结果表明,在水稻孕穗期、齐穗期喷施0.003%丙酰芸苔素内酯对水稻株高、干重和剑叶SPAD值均有明显促进作用,穗数、穗粒数均高于清水对照。179.9~359.8 mL·hm^(-2)0.003%丙酰芸苔素内酯处理可极显著提高水稻产量且对水稻安全,分别较对照水稻增产1.9%~13.8%。其中施药量为179.9 mL·hm^(-2)时产量最高,增产率为13.8%,可使水稻见穗期至齐穗期天数缩短1 d,增强水稻抗倒伏能力,且对水稻安全。

鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘断缝体油藏开发特征与潜力

鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘广泛发育不同规模断层和裂缝,极大地改善了致密储层渗流能力,形成了基质储层低渗透背景下的优质油藏类型——断缝体油藏,同时也加剧了油藏的非均质性和产能的差异性,给油藏内幕结构精细刻画和产能控制因素研究带来挑战。充分运用断裂体系空间刻画、断裂分类分级和产能对比分析等方法,基于井-震-藏联合攻关进一步明确了断缝体油藏开发特征。建立了断缝体油藏“二元四区”模型,划分出断核破碎带、诱导裂缝带、微裂缝改造带、基质孔隙带等4个区带,其中断核破碎带是主要产量贡献单元。断层延伸长度越长、实钻构造位置越高,断核破碎带单井产能越高。诱导裂缝带距离断层越近,产能也越高。断缝体油井生产特征主要分为3个阶段:①断裂系统作为储集体的高产阶段;②断裂系统既作为储集体又同时发挥导流作用的储-导转化阶段;③裂缝主要发挥导流作用阶段。通过研究大幅提升了断缝体油藏高产井占比,同时对盆地西南缘中生界油藏高效滚动勘探开发部署具有重要的指导作用。

福建两系杂交稻制种安全高产的精细气候适宜性区划

利用福建省67个国家气象观测站1971-2020年气象资料以及地理信息资料、两系杂交稻制种基地调查资料,构建了两系杂交稻制种育性转换敏感期气候风险模型与风险等级指标、扬花授粉期天气综合危害指数模型与等级指标两个安全期气候区划指标,选择不育系育性转换起点温度23℃开展研究,基于两系杂交稻制种气候适宜性分区等级标准,采用多层复合方法,开展基于GIS的福建省两系杂交稻制种安全高产精细气候适宜性区划。结果表明:育性敏感期安排在7月上旬-下旬、7月中旬-8月上旬,扬花授粉期安排在8月上旬-中旬,适宜区分布在福建北部、西南部等县市海拔300m以下的区域,次适宜区分布在福建北部、西南部等县市海拔300-500m的区域;育性敏感期安排在7月下旬-8月中旬、8月上旬-下旬,扬花授粉期8月下旬-9月上旬,适宜区分布在福建北部、西南部等县市海拔400m以下的区域,次适宜区分布在福建北部、西南部等县市海拔400-500m的区域;育性敏感期安排在7月上旬-8月下旬,扬花授粉期安排在8月上旬-9月上旬,低适宜区分布在海拔500-1000m的区域,不适宜区分布在海拔1000m以上区域。

寒地粳稻在长江下游地区作双季早粳稻产量和品质表现分析

【目的】分析引自寒地不同积温带粳稻品种作双季早稻时产量及构成以及品质差异,为筛选适宜长江下游种植的双季早粳稻品种提供理论依据。【方法】分别于2018、2021、2022年在浙江台州(121°13′E,28°78′N)和杭州(119°94′E,30°08′N)进行大田试验,分别以6、13和41个寒地粳稻品种为材料,主要来自黑龙江省第一至四积温带,以当地主栽的早籼稻品种中早39作为对照。分析寒地粳稻在南方稻区作双季早稻时产量和品质表现,并在2022年进行早粳稻品种的大田生产验证。【结果】通过提前早粳稻播期,3年的水稻收获期比当地双季早籼稻提前约0—15 d。2018年种植早粳稻品种的产量均值为6637.77 kg·hm^(-2),其中空育131产量最高,为7724.70 kg·hm^(-2),且在2022年的大田生产验证中产量达7194.77 kg·hm^(-2);所有品种在南方作为双季早粳稻种植的垩白度、透明度、胶稠度、直链淀粉含量符合二等优质食用稻品种品质标准,但整精米率较低。2022年早粳稻的平均产量为6630.45 kg·hm^(-2),排名前三的依次为:龙垦257(8324.99 kg·hm^(-2))>龙垦263(8170.94 kg·hm^(-2))>莲稻1号(8108.34 kg·hm^(-2))。与中早39相比,早粳稻有效穗数多,但每穗粒数、千粒重和结实率低,导致其产量为中早39的54.75%—93.28%。第三积温带品种因高结实率从而产量表现优于其他积温带。寒地粳稻品种间产量及构成的相关性分析结果表明,产量与有效穗数呈显著正相关,与单位面积颖花数呈极显著正相关。【结论】引自黑龙江省不同积温带的粳稻品种在长江下游作双季早稻时的生育期、产量和品质表现均验证了南方稻区种植双季早粳稻的可行性,空育131、龙垦257、龙垦263和莲稻1号可作为早粳稻进行下一步大面积示范种植。

黑龙江大宗作物估产模型:以水稻、大豆、玉米为例

建立黑龙江省的大宗作物的估产模型,对于及时掌握该省的农情有积极作用,同时可以为其他区域的估产建模提供方法参考。首先计算了趋势单产、农业气候指标、遥感类指标、种植波动指标。然后,针对3种作物(大豆、玉米、水稻)进行估产分区,在各分区内联合使用随机森林和留一法筛选建模变量。最后,统计基于留一法建立的所有模型的平均绝对相对精度(mean absolute relative precision,MARE)的最大值、最小值、均值和均方根误差,以此来反映最终建模的精度和稳定性。结果表明:针对大豆、水稻和玉米,黑龙江分别被分成了3、3和4个估产子区;变量筛选的结果显示趋势单产的重要性>归一化植被指数(normalized difference vegetation index,NDVI)距平的重要性>积温距平的重要性>Z指数的重要性;除玉米1区以外,针对3种作物建立的模型的最终MARE均小于10%,且所有模型的MARE的方差均小于0.05%。所建模型能够准确预测不同农业气候状况下的作物单产,可以为精细化筛选变量进行估产建模提供方法参考。

分根区交替灌溉在农业生产中的应用研究进展

在全球水资源日益紧缺的背景下,如何提高农业用水利用效率,对于农业可持续发展具有重要意义。分根区交替灌溉作为一种具有较好前景的高效节水灌溉技术,被认为是未来最具发展潜力的灌溉技术之一。目前,各国科技工作者围绕分根区交替灌溉对作物生长、生理的影响方面开展了大量研究,并对其节水机制进行了解析,亟待总结梳理。本文回顾了分根区交替灌溉技术的发展历程,综述了分根区交替灌溉对作物生长发育、产量及品质的影响,归纳了该技术影响作物水分利用效率的生理机制,并对分根区交替灌溉在未来的研究方向进行了展望,以期为作物分根区交替灌溉节水灌溉机理研究和节水灌溉技术的革新提供参考。

“关中—天水经济区”粮食作物水分生产力时空演变及其驱动力分析

基于2001~2020年粮食产量数据和土地覆盖、植被指数、地表温度、蒸散量等多种MODIS产品,通过对粮食产量空间化与MODIS数据重构,从而估算得到作物水分生产力,辅以趋势分析、Hurst指数分析、地理探测等方法,探讨了关—天经济区作物水分生产力时空变化特征、未来变化趋势以及其驱动力。结果如下:(1)2001~2020年关—天经济区粮食作物水分生产力呈现出明显的降低趋势,降低趋势为-0.59×10^(-2)kg/m^(3)/a,作物生长水分利用效率不断降低。(2)从粮食作物水分生产力未来变化特征可知,粮食作物水分生产力持续减小区面积比例达49.07%,主要分布于咸阳南部以东的中东部地区,集中于渭南大部分耕作区。关—天经济区中东部的粮食作物水分生产力将面临严峻考验,而经济区中西部区域粮食作物水分生产力将表现出较大的提升空间。(3)地表参数类因子对于粮食作物水分生产力分布的影响程度最高,其次为气象因子和地形因子,三类因子对粮食作物水分生产力分布的影响程度随时间变化均呈增加趋势,且地表参数影响程度增加趋势最为显著。因此,有效减少粮食作物蒸散量和地表温度,从而增加土壤贮水量是提高粮食作物水分生产力的直接途径,如施行秸秆还田、有机培肥、合理灌溉等措施。(4)从灌溉时间来看,第33~81天、第113~161天以及第193~209天q统计值均大于q均值,三个时段适当进行灌溉对提高粮食产量具有重要作用,其中在第65天(3月上旬)和第193天(7月中旬)土壤水分的变化对作物水分生产力的影响尤为显著。

基于GGE双标图的玉米丰产稳产及适应性研究

本研究旨在通过GGE双标图法(Genotype Main Effects and Genotype x Environment Interaction)探讨其对玉米新品种在高海拔地区黔西北的丰产性、稳产性和适应性的综合评价能力。研究选取了5个新的玉米组合,在7个不同试点进行了产量数据收集与分析。结果显示,这些试验点可以划分为2个主要的生态区。具体来说,盘州被识别为一个独立的生态区,而六盘水、赫章、大方、纳雍、水城和威宁则构成了另一个生态区。在所测试的玉米新组合中,‘惠农单5号’在高产和稳产方面的表现尤为突出。进一步的试验地点分辨力和代表性分析表明,盘州和大方这2个试验点的鉴别力强且具有较好的代表性。因此,本研究不仅为玉米新品种的综合评价提供了科学依据,还为未来试验地点的选择提供了重要的理论支持。

不同生态区一次性施用缓释肥在宿根蔗上的应用效果研究

为探讨不同生态区甘蔗轻简高效施肥技术,采用自主研制的甘蔗专用缓释肥,选取广西北部湾沿岸3个主要甘蔗种植区钦州市、北海市、防城港市,与当地常规甘蔗肥进行大田对比试验研究。当地常规肥采用基肥+追肥+沟施模式,缓释肥采用基肥+沟施或撒施模式。研究结果表明:与当地常规肥处理相比,甘蔗专用缓释肥处理能显著提高甘蔗有效茎数、株高和茎周长,显著提高甘蔗的锤度、蔗糖分及糖度;防城港市、北海市、钦州市3个蔗区产量分别提高了26.62%、16.54%、21.17%;经济效益分别提高了32.25%、19.83%、27.11%。综上,施用甘蔗专用缓释肥可以提高不同生态区域甘蔗的农艺性状、品质、产量及经济效益,效果显著,值得推广应用。

Heterotic Effect, Combining Ability and Significance of Synthetics over Line Cultivars in Faba Bean (<i>Vicia faba</i>L.) Grown under Semi-Arid Zones

The aim of this study was to investigate the amount of heterosis and performance of faba bean synthetic cultivars compared to line cultivars under semi-arid conditions. Five inbred lines in at least S6 generation were developed and used to develop F1s hybrid (in all possible combination excluding reciprocal), lines mixtures (Syn-0) and synthetic generations of Syn-1. Evaluation of the entries showed the lines to have high general and specific combining ability, high yield and high average degree of cross-fertilization (0.36);hetrosis relative to mid-parent for yield was 67%. Lines mixture from four inbred lines (Hudeiba/93, Bassabier, Ed-Damar and Shabah) gave the highest yield of 3.40 t/ha for Syn-0 and 3.96 t/ha for Syn-1. Compared to the average yield t/ha of the pure stand of the four lines (3.11 t/ha), the increase in yield of was 9% in sy-0 and 27% in Syn-1. Compared to the individual yield t/ha of the pure stand of the lines, the performance of Syn-0 surpassed that of the individual pure stands of the linesby 14% for Hudiaba/93 and Bassabier and 4% for Ed-Damar and 7% for Shabah, whereas the increase in performance of Syn-1 compared to pure stand of the lines was 32%, 25% and 21%, respectively. The results confirm the previous knowledge on yield increase with successive syn-generations in faba bean due to the effects of heterogeneity and heterozygosity. Such results could be used as a base for an effective breeding program for improvement of yield of faba bean grown under the semi-arid zones.

PLASTIC ZONE OF SEMI-INFINITE CRACK IN PLANAR KAGOME AND TRIANGULAR LATTICES

The fracture investigations of the planar lattices made of ductile cell walls are currently limited to bending-dominated hexagonal honeycomb. In this paper, the plastic zones of stretching-dominated lattices, including Kagome and triangular lattices, are estimated by analyzing their effective yield loci. The normalized in-plane yield loci of these two lattices are almost identical convex curves enclosed by 4 straight lines, which is almost independent of the relative density but is highly sensitive to the principal stress directions. Therefore, the plastic zones around the crack tip of Kagome and triangular are estimated to be quite different to those of the continuum solid and also hexagonal lattice. The plastic zones predictions by convex yield surfaces of both lattices are validated by FE calculations, although the shear lag region caused by non-local bending effect in the Kagome lattice enlarges the plastic zone in cases of small ratio of rp/l.

贵州三个生态区不同菜用油菜品种菜薹和菜籽产量比较分析

为研究不同生态区、不同菜用油菜品种摘薹次数及收籽方式对菜薹和菜籽产量的影响,在贵州省思南县、长顺县和湄潭县采用完全随机区组设计,测定了不同菜用油菜品种在不同摘薹次数和收籽方式下菜薹及菜籽的产量,并估算其产值。结果表明,随着种植区海拔升高,菜薹和菜籽产量基本呈降低趋势,不同菜用油菜品种、种植生态区与摘薹次数的互作效应对菜薹和菜籽产量均有极显著影响,菜薹产量与菜籽产量具有显著相关性。在相同种植生态区,油薹6号和硒滋圆1号的菜薹总产量和产值均高于其他3个品种。不同生态区3次摘薹总产量变幅为574.45~1391.12 kg/667 m^(2),摘薹3次后菜籽产量变幅为55.59~94.44 kg/667 m^(2);不摘薹菜籽产量变幅为110.00~197.14 kg/667 m^(2),不摘薹的菜籽产量是摘薹3次后菜籽产量的1.53~3.52倍。不同生态区不同菜用油菜品种3次摘薹+收籽总产值为2750.46~6141.85元/667 m^(2),未摘薹菜籽产值为836.00~1498.26元/667 m^(2),3次摘薹+收籽产值是只收菜籽不摘薹的2.96~6.02倍。不同生态区不同菜用油菜品种菜薹和菜籽的产量及产值差异较大,在实际生产中要根据不同生态区域选择适宜的菜用油菜品种。

热力耦合作用下煤炭地下气化地表沉陷预测方法

煤炭地下气化是煤炭低碳绿色开采技术体系的重要组成,煤炭行业“双碳”目标的实施使得煤炭地下气化迎来良好的发展机遇。然而煤炭地下气化也会引起岩层移动及地表变形,导致利用地下气化回收井工难以开采的“三下”压煤时,严重威胁地面建(构)筑物安全。如何兼顾煤炭地下气化特点准确的预测其地表沉陷,已成为制约煤炭地下气化产业化应用的重要瓶颈之一。基于此,结合“条采-面采”后退式地下气化工艺特点,探究了热力耦合作用下煤炭地下气化引起地表沉陷的诱因,得出地下气化产生地表沉陷的根源是岩层挠曲与焦化隔离煤柱压缩变形。在此基础上,建立了热力耦合作用下煤炭地下气化顶板挠曲变形计算方法以及基于D-P准则的气化煤柱屈服模型与压缩计算方法,进而根据等效下沉空间原理构建了热力耦合作用下煤炭地下气化地表沉陷精准预测模型,并通过乌兰察布煤炭地下气化地表沉陷的实测数据验证了新方法的有效性和准确性。

我国中、低烈度区罕遇地震设防水准的选取

采用概率地震危险性(PSHA)方法计算了我国中、低烈度区位于主要经济带内的28个大中城市50年超越概率3%和2%的地震动峰值加速度,为比较中、低烈度区罕遇地震不同设防水准的影响提供了定量数据;计算了中、低烈度区50年超越概率3%和2%地震作用下对应的建筑结构的屈服加速度,评价其抗震能力。结果表明:50年超越概率2%对应的屈服加速度明显大于50年超越概率3%的对应值。根据分析结果,建议抗震设计规范将中、低烈度区罕遇地震的设防水准统一至50年超越概率2%。

不同生态区高粱籽粒产量和品质对氮肥施用的响应

研究不同生态区高粱产量和品质对氮肥施用的响应,分析生态区影响高粱产量形成机制,对高粱产区优化和促进高粱产业发展具有重要意义。本研究以11个高粱品种为研究材料,于2020和2021年在山西朔州和晋中开展田间试验,研究2个生态区高粱抽穗期和收获期的干物质量和氮素积累量、籽粒产量和产量构成以及籽粒品质对氮的响应,分析高粱籽粒产量形成与物质积累的关系。结果表明:除2021年不施氮(即连续2年不施氮)处理外,其他处理朔州试验点高粱产量高于晋中,施氮和不施氮处理平均增产幅度分别为8.6%~26.7%和13.8%。氮肥施用降低千粒重,但提高了高粱穗粒数,穗粒数对产量的相对贡献率达97%;同一施氮条件下朔州试验点穗粒数显著高于晋中。整体来看2个试验点抽穗期干物质和氮素积累量分别高达收获期的51.93%和68.86%,且抽穗期干物质量和氮素积累量与籽粒产量均呈显著的一元二次回归关系,表明提高抽穗期干物质积累对高粱产量形成至关重要;而不施氮时,抽穗后干物质量形成也显著影响籽粒产量。与晋中试验点相比,朔州试验点抽穗期干物质和氮素积累量分别增加40.17%~61.47%和15.72%~47.03%,而抽穗后干物质和氮素积累量小于晋中试验点,这说明朔州试验点较高产量的形成与抽穗期干物质和氮素积累量密切相关。此外,除连续2年不施氮处理外,朔州试验点高粱籽粒淀粉和单宁含量高于晋中试验点,但蛋白质含量相对较低。昼夜温差不同可能是导致2个生态区产量品质差异的重要原因。综上可知,朔州冷凉区高粱产量显著高于晋中温暖半湿润区,提高高粱抽穗前干物质和氮素积累量对籽粒产量形成十分关键,冷凉区较大的昼夜温差有利于抽穗前干物质和氮素积累,促进籽粒产量提高。

青藏高原高寒地区无芒雀麦种质资源生产性能评价筛选

为选育适应青藏高原高产优质的无芒雀麦(Bromus inermis)品种,本试验以俄罗斯引进51份无芒雀麦种质资源为对象,对供试材料的生产性能和农艺性状进行多样性分析、相关性分析、稳定性评价和隶属函数综合评价,为进一步选育优质无芒雀麦材料提供依据。结果表明:千粒重、叶占比的增加均显著提高种子产量;株高、茎粗、总分蘖数、穗占比、叶面积和根干重的增加均显著提高饲草产量;各材料在2018年和2019年种子产量均存在显著差异(P<0.05),其中以B21和B49种子产量表现最优;B12的饲草产量表现最优,在2018—2020年均存在显著差异(P<0.05);随种植年份的增加,无芒雀麦饲草产量、种子产量均呈下降变化;从稳产性来看,饲草和种子高产期均在第1年,最佳利用年限为2~3年;B21和B49种子产量和种子产量性状均表现最优,有极大潜力发展为长期产籽型品种;B30,B12和B49饲草产量和饲草产量性状表现最优,有极大潜力发展为长期产草型品种;B49的综合表现最优,可作为种用型和产草型育种目标亲本。