Combining ability of Egyptian cotton(Gossypium barbadense L.)reveals genetic potential for improved yield and fiber quality

Background As the most widely cultivated fiber crop,cotton production depends on hybridization to unlock the yield potential of current varieties.A deep understanding of genetic dissection is crucial for the cultivation of enhanced hybrid plants with desired traits,such as high yield and fine fiber quality.In this study,the general combining ability(GCA)and specific combining ability(SCA)of yield and fiber quality of nine cotton parents(six lines and three testers)and eighteen F1 crosses produced using a line×tester mating design were analyzed.Results The results revealed significant effects of genotypes,parents,crosses,and interactions between parents and crosses for most of the studied traits.Moreover,the effects of both additive and non-additive gene actions played a notably significant role in the inheritance of most of the yield and fiber quality attributes.The F1 hybrids of(Giza 90×Aust)×Giza 86,Uzbekistan 1×Giza 97,and Giza 96×Giza 97 demonstrated superior performance due to their favorable integration of high yield attributes and premium fiber quality characteristics.Path analysis revealed that lint yield has the highest positive direct effect on seed cotton yield,while lint percentage showed the highest negative direct effect on seed cotton yield.Principal component analysis identified specific parents and hybrids associated with higher cotton yield,fiber quality,and other agronomic traits.Conclusion This study provides insights into identifying potential single-and three-way cross hybrids with superior cotton yield and fiber quality characteristics,laying a foundation for future research on improving fiber quality in cotton.

Genetic Dissection of Net Effects Between Yield and Its Components in Sea Island Cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.)

The number of bolls, individual boll weight, and lint percentage are three important yield components of lint yield of cotton. In the present study, nine parents, twenty F1, and twenty F2 crosses of intraspecific hybrids of sea island cotton （Gossypium barbadense L.） were grown at Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang, China, in 2000 and 2001. Lint yield and its three component traits were measured and analyzed by an extended conditional mixed linear model approach. Lint percentage made the largest contribution to additive, additive x environment, and dominance x environment variations for lint yield. The contribution ratios of number of bolls, individual boll weight, and combined contribution of these two traits to additive x environment and dominance x environment variations for lint yield were not statistically significant. Lint yield of different parents could be affected differently by lint percentage. Lint yield of some parents was closely correlated with lint percentage, whereas for other parents, the behavior of individual boll weight and number of bolls played much more important roles on lint yield than that of lint percentage. It was shown by the conditional and conventional predicted additive x environment interaction effects of parents that the environment condition could influence different parents with varied effects.

棉花新品种产量与主要数量性状的相关及通径分析

为了揭示主要数量性状对湖北省棉花(Gossypium hirsutum L.)产量的影响规律,采用相关、通径、主成分和回归分析方法,对2011-2013年湖北省棉花区域试验67个棉花品种的产量及主要数量性状进行了统计分析。结果表明,主要数量性状中的变异系数最大的是苗期病指(97.09%);偏相关分析结果表明产量与单株铃数(r=0.31)、衣分(r=0.32)、霜前花率(r=0.37)呈极显著正相关;主成分分析表明影响棉花产量的主要因子是果枝、病指和铃重因子;前5个主成分累积贡献率达到82.14%。建立了棉花产量与生育期、第一果枝节位、单株铃数、铃重、衣分的多元回归方程,达极显著水平,可用此回归方程来预测产量,回归系数代表该因子对产量的影响程度,表明铃重是影响产量的最主要因素。通径分析表明进入回归方程的5个数量性状的直接通径系数的绝对值大小排序为单株铃数(Py8=0.452 2)>铃重(Py9=0.368 6)>衣分(Py12=0.325 9)>第一果枝节位(Py4=0.173 3)>生育期(Py1=0.169 9),表明棉花育种和栽培必须保持结铃性和铃重同步提高,同时兼顾衣分和生育期。

海岛棉F_1产量性状的条件遗传分析(英文)

调查了海岛棉5 × 4不完全双列杂交实验的3年产量性状资料,运用包括加性、显性、加性×环境互作、显性×环境互作的遗传模型进行条件和非条件的遗传分析。双列杂交的亲本具有不同果枝类型。非条件遗传方差结果表明,总皮棉产量没有检测到显著的非条件加性效应方差。但是铃重、霜前铃数、霜后铃数以及霜前皮棉产量的条件分析结果发现这些性状的加性效应均对总皮棉产量的加性效应有贡献。因此,可通过这些性状改良总皮棉产量的加性效应表现。当某材料产量构成因素的加性贡献率比较高时,选择该材料作为杂交亲本可望获得具有较好总皮棉产量表现的后代。各产量构成因素的显性效应对霜前皮棉产量和总皮棉产量的杂种优势具有较大的贡献率。产量构成因素之间又相互影响。那些能够检测到显著的正向贡献率的性状将为进一步改良目标性状提供可能。本研究结果显示运用条件分析方法不仅能分析原因性状对目标性状的贡献率,还可以分析特定亲本(或组合)的某一性状对该亲本或组合目标性状的作用大小和正负,据此就可以指导某一亲本后代或组合的目标性状的间接选择。这对实际育种中具体组合的选择具有重要的意义。

海岛棉染色体片段代换系BC_4F_4产量及纤维品质主成分分析

利用生产上大面积推广种植的陆地棉中221和品质优良的海岛棉栽培品系海1杂交,并与陆地棉中221回交再连续自交,结合SSR分子标记技术建立一套具有陆地棉背景并渐渗有海岛棉基因的染色体片段代换系。试验对BC4F4株行的产量及纤维品质相关性状进行表型主成分分析,结果表明:其产量性状间、纤维品质性状间存在难以调和的矛盾,产量性状与品质相关性状之间的遗传相关通过铃重与棉纤维长度的关系体现出来。

华北薏苡新品种‘太空Ⅰ号’产量构成及最佳施肥配方的研究

为解析适宜华北种植的薏苡优良品种的产量构成,以薏苡早熟高产新品种‘太空Ⅰ号’为研究对象,通过分蘖数、穗着粒数等主要农艺性状与产量的相关性分析、通径分析和主成分分析及‘太空Ⅰ号’最佳施肥配方,解析薏苡高产构成。结果表明:1)相关分析显示,株高、总节数、单株穗数和分蘖数与薏苡高产最相关;2)通径分析显示,单株穗数、分蘖数和穗着粒数对薏苡高产的贡献最高;3)主成分分析显示,‘太空Ⅰ号’的高产构成主要由单株穗数多、分蘖数多、穗着粒数和百粒重适中组成;4)最适于‘太空Ⅰ号’的施肥配方为氮肥15kg/667 m^2、磷肥50kg/667m^2和钾肥20kg/667m^2,在北京地区的单产可达280kg/667m^2以上。综上所述,‘太空Ⅰ号’单株穗数多、分蘖数多、穗着粒数和百粒重适中、早熟高产,是适合中国华北种植的优良薏苡品种。