Sensitivity of springback and section deformation to process parameters in rotary draw bending of thin-walled rectangular H96 brass tube

In order to study the effects of the process parameters on springback and section deformation, a sensitivity analysis model was established based on the combination use of the multi-parameter sensitivity analysis method and the springback/section deformation prediction finite element model, and by using this model the sensitivities of the springback and the section deformation to process parameters were analyzed and compared. The results show that the most sensitive process conditions for springback angle are the boost speed and the pressure of pressure die, and the most sensitive process condition for section deformation is the number of cores. When the clamp force, the boost speed and the pressure of pressure die are utilized to control section deformation, the effect of these process parameters on springback should be considered. When the process parameters are mainly used to control springback, the effect of these process parameters on the section deformation should be always considered.

Improved concept models for straight thin-walled columns with box cross section

This paper focuses on developing improved concept models for straight thin-walled box sectional columns which can better predict the peak crushing force that occurs during crashworthiness analyses. We develop a nonlinear translational spring based on previous research and apply such a spring element to build the enhanced concept models. The work presented in this article is developed on the basis of the publication of the author (Liu and Day, 2006b) and has been applied in a crashworthiness design issue, which is presented by the author in another paper (Liu, 2008).

General Stiffness Matrix for a Thin-Walled, Open-Section Beam Structure

This paper is to review the theory of thin-walled beam structures of the open cross-section. There is scant information on the performance of structures made from thin-walled beam elements, particularly those of open sections, where the behavior is considerably complicated by the coupling of tensile, bending and torsional loading modes. In the combined loading theory of thin-walled structures, it is useful to mention that for a thin-walled beam, the value of direct stress at a point on the cross-section depends on its position, the geometrical properties of the cross-section and the applied loading. This applies whether the thin-walled section is closed or open but this study will be directed primarily at the latter. Theoretical analyses of structures are fairly well established, considered in multi-various applications by many scientists. However, due to the present interest in lightweight structures, it is necessary to specify where the present theory lies. It does not, for example, deal with compression and the consequent failure modes under global and local buckling. Indeed, with the inclusion of strut buckling failure and any other unforeseen collapse modes, the need was perceived for further research into the subject. Presently, a survey of the published works has shown in the following: 1) The assumptions used in deriving the underlying theory of thin-walled beams are not clearly stated or easily understood;2) The transformations of a load system from arbitrary axis to those at the relevant centre of rotation are incomplete. Thus, an incorrect stress distribution may result in;3) Several methods are found in the recent literature for analyzing the behaviour of thin-walled open section beams under combined loading. These reveal the need appears for further study upon their torsion/flexural behaviour when referred to any arbitrary axis, a common case found in practice. This review covers the following areas: 1) Refinement to existing theory to clarify those observations made in 1 - 3 above;2) Derivation of a general elastic stiffness matrix for combined loading;3) Calculation of the stress distribution on the cross-section of a thin-walled beam. A general transformation matrix that accounts for a load system applied at an arbitrary point on the cross-section will be published in a future paper.

Effective extraction of photoneutron cross-section distribution using gamma activation and reaction yield ratio method

Photoneutron cross-section(PNCS)data are important in various current and emerging applications.Although a few sophis-ticated methods have been developed,there is still an urgent need to study the PNCS data.In this study,we propose the extraction of PNCS distributions using a combination of gamma activation and reaction yield ratio methods.To verify the validity of the proposed extraction method,experiments for generating^(62,64)Cu and^(85m,87m)Sr isotopes via laser-induced pho-toneutron reactions were performed,and the reaction yields of these isotopes were obtained.Using the proposed extraction method,the PNCS distributions of^(63)Cu and^(86)Sr isotopes(leading to^(85m)Sr isotope production)were successfully extracted.These extracted PNCS distributions were benchmarked against available PNCS data or TALYS calculations,demonstrating the validity of the proposed extraction method.Potential applications for predicting the PNCS distributions of the 30 iso-topes are further introduced.We conclude that the proposed extraction method is an effective complement to the available sophisticated methods for measuring and evaluating PNCS data.

A new finite element of spatial thin-walled beams

Based on the theories of Timoshenko＇s beams and Vlasov＇s thin-walled members, a new spatial thin-walled beam element with an interior node is developed. By independently interpolating bending angles and warp, factors such as transverse shear deformation, torsional shear deformation and their Coupling, coupling of flexure and torsion, and second shear stress are considered. According to the generalized variational theory of Hellinger-Reissner, the element stiffness matrix is derived. Examples show that the developed model is accurate and can be applied in the finite element analysis of thinwalled structures.

Transformation Matrix for Combined Loads Applied to Thin-Walled Structures

This paper transforms combined loads, applied at an arbitrary point of a thin-walled open section beam, to the shear centre of the cross-section of the beam. Therein, a generalized transformation matrix for loads with respect to the shear centre is derived, this accounting for the bimoments that develop due to the way the combined loads are applied. This and the authors’ earlier paper (World Journal of Mechanics 2021, 11, 205-236) provide a full solution to the theory of thin-walled, open-section structures bearing combined loading. The earlier work identified arbitrary loading with the section’s area properties that are necessary to axial and shear stress calculations within the structure’s thin walls. In the previous paper attention is paid to the relevant axes of loading and to the transformations of loading required between axes for stress calculations arising from tension/compression, bending, torsion and shear. The derivation of the general transformation matrix applies to all types of loadings including, axial tensile and compression forces, transverse shear, longitudinal bending. One application, representing all these load cases, is given of a simple channel cantilever with an eccentrically located end load.

Promoting hybrid twins structure to reduce yield asymmetry of rolled AZ31 plates by combining side-rolling and torsion

In this work,an as-rolled AZ31 square bar with c-axis//ND(normal direction)texture was used.Side-rolling and reciprocating torsion were performed to treat the bar.Microstructure evolution and tensile-compressive properties were investigated in detail.Initial rolled AZ31 bar exhibits a large yield asymmetry along the rolling direction(RD).Reciprocating torsion can generate extension twins to introduce twin boundaries and twin-texture.The twin structure can reduce yield asymmetry.However,only limited regions in the rolled AZ31 bar can be twinned during torsion.Pre-side-rolling along the transverse direction(TD)can generate two texture components(c-axis//TD texture and c-axis//ND texture)by introducing profuse{10–12}twins.Such dual texture components help increase the regions which are favorable for twinning during torsion.Finally,combining side-rolling and reciprocating torsion generates hybrid{10–12}twins structure on the entire cross-section,resulting in a remarkably low yield asymmetry.The relevant mechanisms were discussed in detail.

K Shell and L Subshell Photoeffect Cross-Sections of Some Elements in the Atomic Range 50≤Z≤65 at 59.5 keV

In this study,K and L shell photoeffect cross-sections were measured for the elements in the range of 50≤Z≤65at 59.5keV.These photoeffect cross-sections were measured by using the experimentalσKαproduction cross-section values measured in this paper and two different K shell fluorescence yield values in the literature.The results were compared with the calculated theoretical values.The values were plotted versus atomic number.

基于卷积神经网络的烧结成品率预测

成品率是综合反映烧结矿产量、质量和能耗的关键性指标。针对成品率检测存在滞后性问题,以烧结机尾断面图像作为输入,通过卷积神经网络拟合断面图像与成品率的关系,实现烧结成品率的在线预测。根据烧结机尾断面红外图像的特点,采用DenseNet网络结构的卷积神经网络作为建模方法,并以多尺度稠密连接块对网络结构进行改进,在同一层网络中提取多尺度、图像信息,通过拟合高维图像特征与烧结成品率之间的关系,实现成品率的准确预测。采用国内某大型钢铁生产企业的机尾断面图像和成品率数据对模型进行验证。研究结果表明:所提出的改进DenseNet网络在烧结成品率预测问题上具有较强的拟合和泛化能力,定义成品率预测值与实际值绝对误差在±2.8%的区间范围内为命中目标,模型命中率达92.66%,且均方根误差仅为1.76%,可为生产工艺参数的优化调控提供依据。

箱形截面钢-混凝土组合连梁的抗震性能

对一种箱形截面钢-混凝土组合连梁展开研究,通过有限元模拟和理论分析对其屈服模式、抗震性能进行了深入探索。对不同参数取值下组合连梁的屈服模式进行对比分析,基于组合连梁长度与屈服承载力的关系,给出屈服模式的判定准则,研究了不同参数对组合连梁屈服模式的影响规律。结果表明:减小截面高度、钢腹板高厚比、钢材屈服强度、混凝土强度,增大剪跨比、钢翼缘宽厚比、截面高宽比等措施均使耗能梁段更容易弯曲屈服。轴向受压时,弯曲屈服型构件的延性普遍优于剪切屈服型构件;轴向受拉时,剪切屈服型构件的延性优于弯曲屈服型构件。剪切屈服型构件的弹性段刚度、屈服荷载、极限荷载以及能量耗散系数普遍大于弯曲屈服型构件。

A geometrical and physical nonlinear finite element model for spatial thin-walled beams with arbitrary section

Based on the theories of Bernoulli-Euler beams and Vlasov's thin-walled members,a new geometrical and physical nonlinear beam element model is developed by applying an interior node in the element and independent interpolations on bending angles and warp,in which factors such as traverse shear deformation,torsional shear deformation and their coupling,coupling of flexure and torsion,and second shear stress are all considered.Thereafter,geometrical nonlinear strain in total Lagarange(TL) and the corresponding stiffness matrix are formulated.Ideal plastic model is applied to physical nonlinearity to comply with the yield rule of Von Mises and incremental relationship of Prandtle-Reuss.Elastoplastic stiffness matrix is derived by numerical integration on the basis of the finite segment method.Examples show that the developed model is feasible in analysis of thin-walled structures with high accuracy.

线弹性迭代的等肢角钢输电塔极限承载力研究

为了规避现有的构件截面广义屈服函数表达形式繁琐的缺点,同时弥补函数不等比例加载的不足,以逐步回归分析为基础,建立了等肢角钢简化的齐次广义屈服函数,提出了一种高效线弹性迭代方法,用以分析输电塔在构件强度方面的极限承载力。首先,利用最小二乘法建立等肢角钢齐次广义屈服函数;然后通过逐步回归分析,逐个剔除函数中影响不显著的各项,简化上述齐次广义屈服函数,同时保证其较高的拟合精度;最后,基于弹性模量调整策略,提出了一种高效线弹性迭代方法,用以等肢角钢输电塔的极限承载力分析。结果表明:所建立的简化形式的齐次广义屈服函数,不仅精度高,而且项数少,克服了现有传统的广义屈服函数表达形式繁琐、不等比例加载,以及由此带来的计算结果不稳定等问题。通过对比传统方法,验证了所述方法在分析输电塔构件强度方面的极限承载力具有高精度和高计算效率的特点。

钢筋正截面抗弯承载力极限测试

用HRB400钢筋为纵向受拉钢筋、HPB235钢筋为纵向受压钢筋,浇筑混凝土,制备配筋率分别为0.57%、1.01%、1.58%的3种建筑钢筋试件。对试件加载,测试每组试件的抗弯承载力。结果表明:当配筋率为0.57%时,试件的跨中挠度较大,易出现疲劳和损伤,且钢筋应变较小,刚度退化较严重,正截面裂缝宽度较高;当配筋率为1.58%时,试件的抗弯承载力极限可达238.64 kN,为较高水平,且试件的正截面屈服弯矩与开裂弯矩较高,当受到较大载荷时,钢筋试件的应变水平良好。由此可见,当配筋率为1.58%时,建筑钢筋正截面抗弯承载力较好。

预先脱泥-精选工艺的应用效果分析

为解决当前针对高灰分、高泥化煤泥在实际分选操作中很难保证精煤的产率和质量的问题,在对选煤厂当前浮选工艺现状及其所存在的问题进行详细分析的基础上,对预先脱泥-精选工艺中的粗选浮选机类型进行确定,并对单独精选的分选效果进行分析。通过工业性试验验证了预先脱泥—粗选—精选—脱水等环节组成的浮选工艺对高灰分、高泥化煤泥的浮选效果和产品质量,达到了预期的目标。

低温对结构钢材主要力学性能影响的试验研究

钢材在低温条件下,其主要力学性能指标与常温条件下相比将发生变化。介绍了对常用结构钢材(Q235,16Mn,15MnV,16Mnq和14MnNbq)主要力学指标的低温试验研究成果,并分析了这些指标随温度变化的规律。试验结果表明,钢材的强度(屈服强度和极限强度)均随温度的降低而提高,塑性指标(伸长率和截面收缩率)随温度的降低而减小。该试验结果为进一步研究结构钢材在低温下的韧脆转变、断裂等行为提供了依据,有利于促进钢结构的推广应用。

桥梁结构抗震设计中截面刚度的取值分析

目前我国桥梁抗震设计规范对钢筋混凝土桥墩的截面弹性刚度取值没有统一的规定 ,一般取毛截面刚度来作为截面的弹性刚度 ,这与合理的取值之间有较大的差异 .在结合国外最新研究成果的基础上 ,对桥梁结构基于强度抗震设计中采用毛截面刚度所引起的误差进行了分析 ,并建议了一种基于截面弹性刚度合理取值的强度抗震设计方法 .

不同段木和栽培菌种用量对茯苓菌核产量的影响

目的研究茯苓栽培过程中适宜的段木和栽培菌种用量。方法根据段木和栽培菌种用量的不同，设置相应的处理并进行重复，统计茵核产量后进行方差分析及多重比较。结果接种量相同时，茵核产量随段木用量增加而显著增加，段木用量达6kg时茵核产量即维持较高水平，段木用量继续增加产量无显著增加；段木用量相同时，接种量变化对菌核产量影响不明显，仅在由200g增至300g时有显著差异，继续增加对产量无显著影响。结论在当前湖北茯苓产区的栽培模式条件下，最佳段木用量为6kg，接种量为200-300g。

不同渗灌方法和氮肥用量对保护地黄瓜产量及氮肥利用率的影响

用保护地田间小区试验的方法,研究节点渗灌与普通渗灌及不同氮肥用量对黄瓜产量及氮肥利用率的影响,以期为保护地生产选择灌溉方法和确定适宜氮肥用量提供依据。试验采用裂区设计,灌溉方法为主区,氮肥用量为副区;普通渗灌、节点渗灌的计划湿润层深度、灌水控制上限和下限等灌水参数相同,氮肥用量（N素）设0,75,225,375,525 kg.hm-2共5个水平。用方差分析、回归分析方法比较各处理间黄瓜产量、氮肥利用率差异显著性,用土壤含水量剖面观测结果分析了产生这一差异的原因。结果表明：无论是普通渗灌、还是节点渗灌,黄瓜产量随氮肥用量增加均呈先增加、再下降的变化趋势,且均以375kg.hm-2施氮处理最高,分别为82878.06kg.hm-2和104664.77kg.hm-2;但在相同氮肥用量条件下,节点渗灌处理的黄瓜产量、氮肥利用率均显著高于普通渗灌。节点渗灌处理的黄瓜氮肥利用率和氮肥农学效率分别较普通渗灌处理提高4.82%和60.98%。这是由于以不同灌溉方法灌水其土壤含水量剖面不同,黄瓜生长的水肥耦合效应不同,灌水后节点渗灌水分主要分布于15~25cm土层,而普通渗灌主要分布于25~35cm土层。保护地蔬菜栽培选用节点渗灌方法灌溉并进行灌溉施肥,能较好地发挥水肥耦合效应;节点渗灌与普通渗灌相比高产、节肥效果更好,且栽培黄瓜适宜施氮量以375g.hm-2为宜。

圆管截面齐次广义屈服函数与结构极限承载力

为克服圆管截面广义屈服准则不满足比例加载条件,导致采用弹性模量调整法求解该类结构极限承载力时存在计算结果受荷载初值影响、计算精度受损等问题,利用回归分析和最小二乘法研究建立了圆管截面广义屈服函数的齐次多项式,通过误差分析确定了齐次化多项式的阶次;据此定义了圆管截面薄壁构件的单元承载比、承载比均匀度和基准承载比,为高承载比薄壁单元的判别及其弹性模量调整提供了动态判据,进而依据能量守恒准则建立了以单元承载比为基本参数的模量调整公式,结合下限原理提出了圆管截面薄壁结构极限承载力分析的弹性模量缩减法。研究表明,选取齐次化多项式的广义屈服函数能更加准确地考虑各项内力对结构极限承载力的综合影响,具有良好的计算精度和效率,可应用于复杂圆管截面薄壁结构的极限承载力分析中。

基于柔度法与截面轴力弯矩屈服面本构的梁柱单元

基于截面层次的梁柱单元能兼顾计算精度与效率,但现有截面上的本构模型不能准确反映轴力存在与变化对弯矩的影响,且柔度法在构建梁柱单元中未发挥优势,为此提出了基于截面轴力与弯矩屈服面本构和柔度法的梁柱单元模型。首先,根据截面组合思想构建截面上轴力与弯矩的屈服面;然后,依托柔度法和塑性理论进行单元状态和截面状态确定;最后,利用提出的单元进行平面钢框架的动力弹塑性分析。结果表明,所选用的基于截面轴力弯矩屈服面的本构能很好考虑轴力存在及变化对弯矩的影响;相对于刚度法,使用一个由柔度法构建的单元就足够描述一个梁-柱构件,其计算精度接近基于柔度法的纤维单元模型。