Acupuncture Treating Heart Disease Based on Eight Palaces or Eight Veins <br/>—Mathematical Reasoning of Treatment Principle Based on Yin Yang Wu Xing Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine (IV)

Theory of eight palaces (八宫) or eight veins (八脉) is useful in understanding the basic sick subsystems that may be to fall ills as the root-cause. By using mathematical reasoning based on Yin Yang Wu Xing Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), this paper demonstrates the treatment principle: “Even if all changed, it is hard to change one’s nature” (江山易改, 本性难移). The eight palaces or eight veins can be used to diagnose basic sick subsystems that may be to fall ills as the root-cause. The first or second transfer law of human body energies of the eight palaces or eight veins according to the different blood pH values of a human body whether in the normal range or not, respectively, assuming that the range of blood pH value is divided into four parts from small to large. Both second and third are for a healthy human body. Both the root-cause and symptoms come from the first transfer law of human body energies. And both first and fourth are for an unhealthy human body. Both the root-cause and symptoms come from the second transfer law of human body energies. A disease treatment should protect and maintain the balance of two incompatibility relations: the loving relationship and the killing relationship. As an application, acupuncture is used to treat atrial premature beats as a congenital heart disease.

Yin Yang： A New Perspective in Understanding the Development of Religion in Contemporary China

The Taoism on Yin Yang has influenced the Orientalists＇ perception concerning the types of relation among all existence in the universe for cenalries. It maintains that a society is comprised of countless antagonistic components or conflicting social players, including religious institutions and the Chinese government. All existence is charged with two great forces, simply known as Yin and Yang. These two great forces are opposite-but-complementary to each other. They determine how social players interact to avoid chaos and destructions, so balance and harmony are established and maintained in society. In other words, Yin Yang helps the social players to form a harmonious relationship with one and another by weakening or strengthening their inner inherited Yin-or-Yang elements according to timing and conditions. Drawing on recent research on Yin Yang as a novel approach in understanding business-related issues in contemporary China, such concept is also relevant to understand the development of religion in China.

Acupuncture Treating Heart Diseases Based on Sixty JiaZi and Eight Palaces <br/>—Mathematical Reasoning of Treatment Principle Based on Yin Yang Wu Xing Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine (V)

Theory of Sixty JiaZi (60 甲子) is useful in understanding a human body disease. By using mathematical reasoning based on Yin Yang Wu Xing Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), this paper demonstrates the treatment principle: “seize the momentum of development, hasten lucky avoids disaster” (顺势而为, 趋吉避凶). Sixty JiaZi is hidden behind eight palaces. The first or second transfer law of human body energies of Sixty JiaZi changes according to the different blood pH values of a human body whether in the normal range or not, respectively, assuming that the range of blood pH values of a human body is divided into four parts from small to large. Both second and third are for a healthy human body. Both the root-cause and symptoms come from the first transfer law of human body energies. And both first and fourth are for an unhealthy human body. Both the root-cause and symptoms come from the second transfer law of human body energies. The treating disease of a human body should protect and maintain the balance of two incompatibility relations: the loving relationship and the killing relationship. As an application, acupuncture is used to treat atrial premature beats as congenital heart disease.

Image Mathematics—Mathematical Intervening Principle Based on “Yin Yang Wu Xing” Theory in Traditional Chinese Mathematics (I)

By using mathematical reasoning, this paper demonstrates the mathematical intervening principle: “Virtual disease is to fill his mother but real disease is to rush down his son” (虚则补其母, 实则泄其子) and “Strong inhibition of the same time, support the weak” (抑强扶弱) based on “Yin Yang Wu Xing” Theory in image mathematics of Traditional Chinese Mathematics (TCMath). We defined generalized relations and generalized reasoning, introduced the concept of steady multilateral systems with two non-compatibility relations, and discussed its energy properties. Later based on the intervention principle in image mathematics of TCMath and treated the research object of the image mathematics as a steady multilateral system, it has been proved that the mathematical intervening principle is true. The kernel of this paper is the existence and reasoning of the non-compatibility relations in steady multilateral systems, and it accords with the oriental thinking model.

核转录因子Yin Yang-1在肿瘤中的研究进展

Yin Yang-1(YY1)属于GLI-Krüppel转录因子家族,其基因进化保守,在人类多种组织中广泛表达。YY1参与多种基本生物学过程如胚胎形成、染色质重塑、细胞组织分化等,具有非常复杂的功能机制。YY1基因敲除后的小鼠胚胎期死亡。近年来有关YY1在肿瘤发生及治疗中作用的研究报道很多,我们对YY1在肿瘤中的表达,及其在肿瘤发生、侵袭转移、治疗中的作用和机制进行简要综述。

Transcriptional dysregulation in neurodegenerative diseases:who tipped the balance of Yin Yang 1 in the brain?

Yin Yang 1(YY1) is a multi-functional transcription factor that regulates gene expression in a range of cell types,including neurons.It controls neuronal differentiation,as well as neuronal specification and migration during the development of the mammalian nervous system.Besides,YY1 also mediates the transcription of genes that are required for neuronal survival.An impairment of the transcriptional function of YY1 causes neuronal death.This review summarizes recent research findings that unveil the dysfunction of YY1 in multiple neurodegenerative disorders.The expression of disease proteins perturbs the function of YY1 via distinct molecular mechanisms,including recruitment to protein aggregates,protein degradation and aberrant nuclear/cytoplasmic shuttling.Understanding the pathogenic roles of YY1 will further broaden our knowledge of the disease mechanisms in distinct neurodegenerative disorders.

Mathematical Reasoning of Treatment Principle Based on “Yin Yang Wu Xing” Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine

By using mathematical reasoning, this paper demonstrates the treatment principle: “Virtual disease is to fill his mother but real disease is to rush down his son” and “Strong inhibition of the same time, support the weak” based on “Yin Yang Wu Xing” Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). We defined two kinds of opposite relations and one kind of equivalence relation, introduced the concept of steady multilateral systems with two non-compatibility relations, and discussed its energy properties. Later based on the treatment of TCM and treated the healthy body as a steady multilateral system, it has been proved that the treatment principle is true. The kernel of this paper is the existence and reasoning of the non-compatibility relations in steady multilateral systems, and it accords with the oriental thinking model.

Mathematical Reasoning of Treatment Principle Based on “Yin Yang Wu Xing” Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine (II)

By using mathematical reasoning, this paper demonstrates the treatment principle: “Do not treat a disease after it has occurred. But treat the disease before it will occur” (不治已病治未病) based on “Yin Yang Wu Xing” Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). We defined generalized relations and reasoning, introduced the concept of generalized steady multilateral systems, and discussed its energy properties. Later based on the treatment of TCM and treated the healthy body as a steady multilateral system, it has been proved that the treatment principle above is true. The kernel of this paper is the existence and reasoning of the non-compatibility relations in steady multilateral systems, and it accords with the oriental thinking model.

Acupuncture Treating Dystrophy Based on pH <br/>—Mathematical Reasoning of Treatment Principle Based on Yin Yang Wu Xing Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine (III)

Theory of both Zangxiang (藏象) and Jingluo (经络) is useful in understanding disease. By using mathematical reasoning based on Yin Yang Wu Xing Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), this paper demonstrates the treatment principle: “Searching for a root cause of disease in cure, treatment of both the root-cause and symptoms at the same time” (治病求本, 标本兼治). It means that for a human body, there is the mathematical structure of both Zangxiang and Jingluo as her/his second physiological system. It can be used to determine both the root-cause and symptoms of the sick organ by using both Zangxiang and Jingluo. In general, for the human blood pH value, the normal range of theory is [7.34539, 7.45461] nearly to [7.35, 7.45], and the center is 7.4. The first or second transfer law of a human body’s energies changes according to the different blood pH values whether in the normal range or not. Human disease treatment should protect and maintain the balance of two incompatibility relations: the loving relationship and the killing relationship. As an application, acupuncture is used to treat limb-girdle muscular dystrophy.

A study on the treatment of chloasma with moxibustion based on the theory of“Yang transforming Qi,and Yin shaping”

Background:“Yang Transforming Qi and Yin shaping”comes from“Plain Question Yin and Yang should be like the theory”.Chinese medicine believes that the imbalance of yin and yang is the cause of human diseases.One of the strengths of TCM in treating diseases is holistic regulation.The theory of“Yang transforming Qi,and Yin shaping”implies a strong holistic view.Chloasma,one of the common skin diseases,seriously affects the physical and mental health of patients due to its unclear etiology,difficult treatment and easy recurrence.The occurrence and development of chloasma are closely related to internal organs.This paper is based on the theory of internal meridian,“Yang transforming Qi,and Yin shaping”which attaches importance to the concept of“Yang Qi”,from a new understanding of the pathogenesis etiology of chloasma.Methods:The author believes that the incidence of the disease is the deficiency of Yang Qi,which can’t promote the movement of Qi and blood to nourish the face,resulting in tangible material condensation,so proposes that this disease needs to be promoted by Yang transforming Qi and warm to dissipate.Moxibustion belongs to the fire,and its warming effect can dissipate the tangible evil.Results:Combined with clinical practice and the theory of internal meridian,the author elaborated that moxibustion is one of the effective methods for treating chloasma,which provides a new way of thinking for the treatment of chloasma.Conclusion:“Yang Transforming Qi and Yin shaping”can be used to guide the treatment of chloasma.

Differential Effects of Yin- and Yang-Chinese Tonifying Herbs on Innate and Adaptive Immunity

The present study investigated the effect of treatment with methanolic extracts of Yin- and Yang-Chinese tonifying herbs on concanavalin A (Con A)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated splenocyte proliferation (adaptive immunity) and natural killer (NK) cell activity (innate immunity) in an ex vivo mouse model. The results indicated that while treatment with most Yin herbal extracts potentiated the Con A/LPS-stimulated splenocyte proliferation, only Yang (but not Yin) herbal extracts stimulated NK cell activity. The differential effects of Yin- and Yang-Chinese tonifying herbs on innate and adaptive immunity are consistent with the Chinese medicine theory which depicts the Yin and Yang functional components of Zheng Qi (vital energy), with the Yang component being responsible for the first line of defense against invading microorganisms (i.e., innate immunity) and the Yin oner serving as a follow-up defensive response (adaptive immunity).

转录因子Yin Yang 1在肿瘤中的研究进展

转录因子Yin Yang 1是具有锌指结构的DNA结合蛋白,在细胞转录调控中发挥重要作用,且与肿瘤的发生、转移、耐药及不良预后有关。研究表明Yin Yang 1对大多数肿瘤发生发展起促进作用,仅对少数肿瘤具有抑制作用。Yin Yang 1对肿瘤的促进或抑制作用主要依赖于与Yin Yang 1相互作用的靶基因或蛋白因子。从Yin Yang 1的结构及调控机制入手,综述Yin Yang 1在肿瘤中的研究进展。

Yin Yang1在分化甲状腺癌中的表达

目的 观察Yin Yang 1（YY1）在分化甲状腺癌中的表达,探讨YY1表达与临床特征的关系.方法 使用实时定量聚合酶链反应（Real-time PCR）检测YY1基因在人甲状腺癌细胞株、甲状腺正常/肿瘤组织中的表达;采用Western blot和免疫组织化学染色技术分析YY1蛋白在人甲状腺癌细胞株、甲状腺正常/肿瘤组织中的表达量.结果 在转录水平和蛋白水平,甲状腺癌细胞株中均存在YY1过表达;在甲状腺癌组织中,YY1 mRNA的水平也是明显增加的.此外,免疫组织化学分析表明乳头状甲状腺癌（PTC）和滤泡性甲状腺癌（FTC）中YY1的表达水平明显增加48％和19％.通过YY1蛋白的分层分析,88％ PTC患者中出现了YY1的阳性表达.YY1的表达与PTC和FTC患者的临床病理特征的相关性表明,YY1的表达与诊断时的年龄密切相关.结论 YY1过表达于分化甲状腺癌中,且更频繁地过表达于PTC亚型中.

An Improved Dynamic Core for a Non-hydrostatic Model System on the Yin-Yang Grid

A 3D dynamic core of the non-hydrostatic model GRAPES（Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System） is developed on the Yin-Yang grid to address the polar problem and to enhance the computational efficiency. Three-dimensional Coriolis forcing is introduced to the new core, and full representation of the Coriolis forcing makes it straightforward to share code between the Yin and Yang subdomains. Similar to that in the original GRAPES model, a semi-implicit semi-Lagrangian scheme is adopted for temporal integration and advection with additional arrangement for cross-boundary transport. Under a non-centered second-order temporal and spatial discretization, the dry nonhydrostatic frame is summarized as the solution of an elliptical problem. The resulting Helmholtz equation is solved with the Generalized Conjugate Residual solver in cooperation with the classic Schwarz method. Even though the coefficients of the equation are quite different from those in the original model, the computational procedure of the new core is just the same. The bi-cubic Lagrangian interpolation serves to provide Dirichlet-type boundary conditions with data transfer between the subdomains. The dry core is evaluated with several benchmark test cases, and all the tests display reasonable numerical stability and computing performance. Persistency of the balanced flow and development of both the mountain-induced Rossby wave and Rossby–Haurwitz wave confirms the appropriate installation of the 3D Coriolis terms in the semi-implicit semi-Lagrangian dynamic core on the Yin-Yang grid.

Bone marrow niche-mediated survival of leukemia stem cells in acute myeloid leukemia: Yin and Yang

Acute myeloid leukemia （AML） is characterized by the accumulation of circulating immature blasts that exhibit uncontrolled growth, lack the ability to undergo normal differentiation, and have decreased sensitivity to apoptosis. Accumulating evidence shows the bone marrow （BM） niche is critical to the maintenance and retention of hematopoietic stem cells （HSC）, including leukemia stem cells （LSC）, and an increasing number of studies have demonstrated that crosstalk between LSC and the stromal cells associated with this niche greatly influences leukemia initiation, progression, and response to therapy. Undeniably, stromal cells in the BM niche provide a sanctuary in which LSC can acquire a drug-resistant phenotype and thereby evade chemotherapy- induced death. Yin and Yang, the ancient Chinese philosophical concept, vividly portrays the intricate and dynamic interactions between LSC and the BM niche. In fact, LSC-induced microenvironmental reprogramming contributes significantly to leukemogenesis. Thus, identifying the critical signaling pathways involved in these interactions will contribute to target optimization and combinatorial drug treatment strategies to overcome acquired drug resistance and prevent relapse following therapy. In this review, we describe some of the critical signaling pathways mediating BM niche-LSC interaction, including SDFI/CXCL12, Wnt/β-catenin, VCAM/VLA-4/NF-κB, CD44, and hypoxia as a newly-recognized physical determinant of resistance, and outline therapeutic strategies for overcoming these resistance factors.

Influence of TBX21 T-1993C variant on autoimmune hepatitis development by Yin-Yang 1 binding

AIM To investigated the mechanism of the association between the TBX21 T-1993 C promoter polymorphism and autoimmune hepatitis type 1(AIH-1) development.METHODS In vivo,In vivo,and reporter analyses were performed to determine the function of transcription factors binding to the T-1993 C element of the TBX21 promoter in human CD4+ T and B cell lines. Flow cytometry and quantitative real-time PCR were used to analyze T-box transcription factor(T-bet) and interferon-γ(IFN-γ) expressions in CD4+ T cells,B cells and monocytes from the peripheral blood of AIH-1 patients including 5-1993 TC and 15-1993 TT genotype carriers,and healthy controls including 10-1993 TC and 25-1993 TT genotype carriers. Furthermore,a range of biochemical indices was measured simultaneously in the blood of AIH-1 patients.RESULTS TBX21-1993 C allele created a strong Yin-Yang 1(YY1)-binding site and decreased transcriptional activity of TBX21 promoter in human CD4+ T and B cells.Higher levels of T-bet and IFN-γ were detected in the circulating CD4+ T cells and B cells of AIH-1 patients carrying the TBX21-1993 TT genotype compared with the patients carrying the-1993 TC genotype and controls with the-1993 TC genotype. T-bet expression levels of circulating T cells and B cells were positively correlated with AIH-1 disease activity. Knockdown of YY1 with si RNA caused increased expression of T-bet and IFN-γ in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in AIH-1 patients. CONCLUSION The repression of TBX21 expression by high-affinity binding of YY1 to the-1993 C allele may contribute to a decreased development of AIH-1 via suppression of type 1 immunity.

An Accurate Multimoment Constrained Finite Volume Transport Model on Yin-Yang Grids

A global transport model is proposed in which a multimoment constrained finite volume （MCV） scheme is applied to a Yin-Yang overset grid. The MCV scheme defines 16 degrees of freedom （DOFs） within each element to build a 2D cubic reconstruction polynomial. The time evolution equations for DOFs are derived from constraint conditions on moments of line-integrated averages （LIA）, point values （PV）, and values of first-order derivatives （DV）. The Yin-Yang grid eliminates polar singularities and results in a quasi-uniform mesh. A limiting projection is designed to remove nonphysical oscillations around discontinuities. Our model was tested against widely used benchmarks; the competitive results reveal that the model is accurate and promising for developing general circulation models.

Molecular Yin and Yang of erectile function and dysfunction

In regard to erectile function, Yin is flaccidity and Yang erection. In the past decade, research has mostly focused on the Yang aspect of erectile function. However, in recent years, the Yin side is attracting increasingly greater attention. This is due to the realization that penile flaccidity is no less important than penile erection and is actively maintained by mechanisms that play critical roles in certain types of erectile dysfunction （ED）; for example, in diabetic patients. In addition, there is evidence that the Yin and Yang signaling pathways interact with each other during the transition from flaccidity to erection, and vice versa. As such, it is important that we view erectile function from not only the Yang but also the Yin side. The purpose of this article is to review recent advances in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate the Yin and Yang of the penis. Emphasis is given to the Rho kinase signaling pathway that regulates the Yin, and to the cyclic nucleotide signaling pathway that regulates the Yang. Discussion is organized in such a way so as to follow the signaling cascade, that is, beginning with the extracellular signaling molecules （e.g., norepinephrin and nitric oxide） and their receptors, converging onto the intracellular effectors （e.g., Rho kinase and protein kinase G）, branching into secondary effectors, and finishing with contractile molecules and phosphodiesterases. Interactions between the Yin and Yang signaling pathways are discussed as well.

Uncovering the Messages Behind Four Imperial Dragon Robes from Exhibitions With Yin and Yang Message

The design themes of three Qing dynasty imperial dragon robes from the University of Hawaii at Manoa Costume Collection act as carriers of the Chinese yin-yang philosophy. The information shared by these imperial dragon robes are discussed through a cultural and technological analysis of the symbolic motifs and fabric structures of these garments to reveal the cultural and social impact ofyin-yang on Qing imperial costume design.