核转录因子Yin-Yang1与中医阴阳学说

Yin- Yang 1 ( YY1 )是一种具有双重转录活性的核转录因子 ,广泛存在于真核细胞中 ,自被发现十余年来 ,国外对其研究报道逐年增多 ,对其在基因转录调控、分子信号转导中所表现出的关键作用的认识日益引起重视。本文综述了近年来 YY1研究的部分相关文献 ,分析了 YY1与中医阴阳的关系 ,以期为中医阴阳学说的现代研究带来新的思路。

基于气味厚薄理论探析黄连减轻神经炎症的中医机制

神经炎症几乎发生在所有中枢神经系统疾病的进展过程中,随着临床实践及科学研究的深入,发现黄连及以黄连为主要组成的中药复方对减轻神经炎症、改善疾病预后均有较好效果。基于对“气味厚薄”理论内容的梳理,阐明黄连具有“大苦大寒,味厚气薄”的作用特点,并论述黄连功效与神经炎症中医病机之间的关联,以及黄连通过清心、厚肠、坚肾阴3个方面起到减轻神经炎症的作用机制。

中医外感热病学卫气营血辨治体系重构探究

中医学理论辨治外感热病具有优越性,但目前常用的辨治外感热病的方法不统一,建立起一套系统、成熟的辨治体系势在必行。以阴阳理论为指导建构中医外感热病学的卫气营血辨治体系具有可行性,把传统的卫气营血辨证按照阴阳进一步划分为卫之阴阳(卫分阴证、卫分阳证)、气之阴阳(气分阴证、气分阳证)、营之阴阳(营分阴证、营分阳证)、血之阴阳(血分阴证、血分阳证),从而使阴阳理论指导构建外感热病的卫气营血辨治体系成为可能。以期推动中医外感热病学科的发展,带动中医经典课程的整合,方便临床诊疗技能的掌握,充分发挥其临床指导价值。

基于阴阳二十五人学说构建望诊模型理论体系探讨

[目的]基于《灵枢·阴阳二十五人》构建望诊模型,为临床望诊等相关诊疗提供借鉴。[方法]对阴阳二十五人学说进行模型及基本理论解析,对阴阳二十五人之“五上”主形人色、形、神、态生理体质诸要素以及病理体质特征等予以分形解析,对其亚型人仪态、形色、气血特征进行分形解析。[结果]系统分析认为,该学说基于阴阳五行理论所建立的阴阳二十五人模型,可以研判人体五行所属,确定五行属性,这种阴阳五行体质分类方法是对人体生理病理体质复杂性的一种深度关照,由此构建了一个周密完备的生理病理体质辨别标准体系。而且,该模型具备对应于整体望诊所要求的神、色、形、态等诸要素,可作为临床望诊之理论先导加以系统地认知和应用。[结论]若将望诊方法与这一严密的架构体系进行对接,可以更为系统准确地开展临床望识诊疗,甚至整个临床诊疗活动,这对于进一步完善和发展中医临床诊疗体系有着十分重要的意义。

Influence of TBX21 T-1993C variant on autoimmune hepatitis development by Yin-Yang 1 binding

AIM To investigated the mechanism of the association between the TBX21 T-1993 C promoter polymorphism and autoimmune hepatitis type 1(AIH-1) development.METHODS In vivo,In vivo,and reporter analyses were performed to determine the function of transcription factors binding to the T-1993 C element of the TBX21 promoter in human CD4+ T and B cell lines. Flow cytometry and quantitative real-time PCR were used to analyze T-box transcription factor(T-bet) and interferon-γ(IFN-γ) expressions in CD4+ T cells,B cells and monocytes from the peripheral blood of AIH-1 patients including 5-1993 TC and 15-1993 TT genotype carriers,and healthy controls including 10-1993 TC and 25-1993 TT genotype carriers. Furthermore,a range of biochemical indices was measured simultaneously in the blood of AIH-1 patients.RESULTS TBX21-1993 C allele created a strong Yin-Yang 1(YY1)-binding site and decreased transcriptional activity of TBX21 promoter in human CD4+ T and B cells.Higher levels of T-bet and IFN-γ were detected in the circulating CD4+ T cells and B cells of AIH-1 patients carrying the TBX21-1993 TT genotype compared with the patients carrying the-1993 TC genotype and controls with the-1993 TC genotype. T-bet expression levels of circulating T cells and B cells were positively correlated with AIH-1 disease activity. Knockdown of YY1 with si RNA caused increased expression of T-bet and IFN-γ in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in AIH-1 patients. CONCLUSION The repression of TBX21 expression by high-affinity binding of YY1 to the-1993 C allele may contribute to a decreased development of AIH-1 via suppression of type 1 immunity.

UHPLC-MS/MS analysis of cAMP and cGMP in rat plasma as potential biomarkers of Yin-Yang disharmony in traditional Chinese medicine

Cyclic 3’,5’-adenosine monophosphate(cAMP)and cyclic 3’,5’-guanosine monophosphate(cGMP)are considered as potential biomarkers for Yin-Yang disharmony in traditional Chinese medicine.However,phosphodiesterase-mediated ex vivo degradation of these molecules in biological samples may result in their underestimation.In the present study,a ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(UHPLC-MS/MS)method was developed for determination of cAMP and cGMP in rat plasma,with special consideration of their stability ex vivo.Following precipitation of proteins from plasma samples with 0.4 M perchloric acid,the analytes were chromatographed on a Shimadzu Shimpack-XR-ODS II column with 2.5 mM ammonium acetate and methanol in gradient mode.The MS/MS detection was performed using multiple reaction monitoring in the positive electrospray ionization mode.The lower limit of quantification was 0.27 ng/mL for cAMP and 0.37 ng/mL for cGMP.The method was used to determine the plasma cAMP and cGMP levels in normal and Yin deficiency diabetic rats treated with or without Rehmannia glutinosa.The developed method may be useful for evaluating the regulatory effects of Chinese herbal medicine on the levels of cAMP and cGMP in the body.

An Accurate Multimoment Constrained Finite Volume Transport Model on Yin-Yang Grids

A global transport model is proposed in which a multimoment constrained finite volume （MCV） scheme is applied to a Yin-Yang overset grid. The MCV scheme defines 16 degrees of freedom （DOFs） within each element to build a 2D cubic reconstruction polynomial. The time evolution equations for DOFs are derived from constraint conditions on moments of line-integrated averages （LIA）, point values （PV）, and values of first-order derivatives （DV）. The Yin-Yang grid eliminates polar singularities and results in a quasi-uniform mesh. A limiting projection is designed to remove nonphysical oscillations around discontinuities. Our model was tested against widely used benchmarks; the competitive results reveal that the model is accurate and promising for developing general circulation models.

An Improved Dynamic Core for a Non-hydrostatic Model System on the Yin-Yang Grid

A 3D dynamic core of the non-hydrostatic model GRAPES（Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System） is developed on the Yin-Yang grid to address the polar problem and to enhance the computational efficiency. Three-dimensional Coriolis forcing is introduced to the new core, and full representation of the Coriolis forcing makes it straightforward to share code between the Yin and Yang subdomains. Similar to that in the original GRAPES model, a semi-implicit semi-Lagrangian scheme is adopted for temporal integration and advection with additional arrangement for cross-boundary transport. Under a non-centered second-order temporal and spatial discretization, the dry nonhydrostatic frame is summarized as the solution of an elliptical problem. The resulting Helmholtz equation is solved with the Generalized Conjugate Residual solver in cooperation with the classic Schwarz method. Even though the coefficients of the equation are quite different from those in the original model, the computational procedure of the new core is just the same. The bi-cubic Lagrangian interpolation serves to provide Dirichlet-type boundary conditions with data transfer between the subdomains. The dry core is evaluated with several benchmark test cases, and all the tests display reasonable numerical stability and computing performance. Persistency of the balanced flow and development of both the mountain-induced Rossby wave and Rossby–Haurwitz wave confirms the appropriate installation of the 3D Coriolis terms in the semi-implicit semi-Lagrangian dynamic core on the Yin-Yang grid.

Implementation of CMA-GFS 3D-Var System on the Yin-Yang Grid

The global three-dimensional variational(3D-Var)data assimilation is implemented on a new quasi-uniform overset(Yin-Yang)grid on sphere.As a quasi-uniform spherical grid,it covers the sphere by overlapping two perpendicularly oriented grid components which is nothing but low latitude region of the usual latitude-longitude grid.Based on this characteristic of the Yin-Yang grid,it enables us to implement the regional 3D-Var system efficiently and accurately on the Yin or Yang component grid,respectively.The global analysis could update directly from the regional analysis since they have the same configurations like the precondition of eigenvalue decomposition for vertical direction,recursive filtering for horizontal direction,minimization method and observation operator and so on.However,the balance equation and vector wind are needed to be paid more attention on the Yin grid analysis due to its coordinate transformation.How to spread the observation information near the boundary of Yin and Yang grid is a key to the 3D-Var analysis.Extending double the horizontal correlation length distance in the overset boundary of Yin and Yang grid has successfully solved the problem.The results show that the analysis on the Yin-Yang grid is reasonable and similar to the result on the latitude-longitude(LAT-LON)grid.This paper provides a promising strategy for the development of a 3D-Var global system for overset grids.

Clinical effect of Yin-Yang blending acupuncture combined with Banxia Baizhu Tianma Decoction in treatment of cervical vertigo

Objective:To explore the clinical effect of Yin-yang blending acupuncture with traditional Chinese medicine combined with Banxia Baizhu Tianma Decoction in treating patients with cervical vertigo.Methods:120 patients with cervical vertigo treated in our hospital were selected,and the acupuncture group and the acupuncture group were divided into 60 cases each according to the order of the patients.The two groups of patients were given basic treatment measures.Xia Baizhu Tianma Decoction was treated,and the control group was given Yin and Yang blending acupuncture.The left and right vertebral arteries(LVA),right vertebral arteries(RVA),and basal arteries(BA)were compared before and after treatment in the two groups.,Clinical symptom score,clinical efficacy.Results:after treatment,the Vm values of LVA,RVA,and BA in the acupuncture group were lower than those in the acupuncture group(P<0.05);after treatment,acupuncture The dizziness,neck and shoulder pain,headache,daily life work,psychological and social adaptability scores of the drug group were higher than those of the acupuncture group(P<0.05);after treatment,the cure rate of the acupuncture group was 42.37%,and the effective rate was 37.29%.The efficiency was 16.95%,the inefficiency was 3.39%,the cure rate in the acupuncture group was 26.32%,the marked efficiency was 35.09%,the effective rate was 29.82%,and the ineffective rate was 8.77%.The clinical efficacy of the acupuncture group was better than that of the acupuncture group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Traditional Chinese medicine Yin-yang reconciliation acupuncture combined with Pinellia Baizhu Tianma Decoction is definitely effective in treating patients with cervical vertigo,and it can effectively improve the clinical symptoms and clinical effects of patients.

Clinical observation on efficacy of compound of warming yang, descending turbidity and dredging collaterals in the treatment of diabetic kidney disease with Yin-Yang deficiency and blood stasis syndrome

Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of compound of owarming yang,descending turbidity and dredging collaterals in the treatment of diabetic kidney disease with yin-yang deficiency and blood stasis syndrome.Methods:Seventy-six patients of diabetic kidney disease with yin-yang deficiency and blood stasis syndrome were randomly divided into observation group and control group,thirty-eight cases in each group.The control group was given conventional western medicine treatment,while the observation group took compound of owarming yang,descending turbidity and dredging collaterals orally on the basis of conventional western medicine treatment.The course of treatment covered for one month.Before and after treatment,we observed the scores of traditional Chinese medicine symptoms,indicators of renal function[serum creatinine(Scr),blood urea nitrogen(BUN),microalbuminuria(MALB)],indicators of glucose metabolism[fasting plasma glucose(FPG),2-hour postprandial blood glucose(2hPG),glycosylated hemoglobin(HbAlc)],indicators of hemorheology[plasma viscosity(PV),platelet aggregation rate(PAR),fibrinogen(FIB)],Cystatin-C(Cys-C),C-reactive protein(CRP)in the two groups.Results:After treatment,the clinical effect of the observation group was significantly better than the control group(P<0.05).The scores of traditional Chinese medicine symptoms,indicators of renal function(Scr、BUN、UAER),indicators of glucose metabolism(FPG、2hPG、HbAlc),indicators of hemorheology(PV、PAR、FIB),Cys-C and CRP in the two groups were decreased significantly compared with those before treatment(P<0.05),and the decrease in the observation group was superior to that in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Compound of warming yang,descending turbidity and dredging collaterals has remarkable efficacy in treating of diabetic kidney disease patients with yin-yang deficiency and blood stasis syndrome by alleviating clinical symptoms,glucose metabolism,renal function and microcirculatory disturbance,and the mechanism related to alleviation of microinflammation.

Women in Chinese Philosophy:Yin-Yang Theory in Feminism Constructing

The traditional way of thinking about women in ancient Chinese philosophy was grounded on the concepts of Yin and Yang.Yin and Yang are the basic principles of the being,the interrelation and interaction between which provide the original force for the emergence of all beings in the world.In the traditional family construction,men as Yang master the affairs outside the family,and women as Yin master the affairs inside the family(男主外,女主内),which means that women normally had no voice in the social affairs.Her field was limited inside the family.Furthermore,according to Confucian doctrine“husband guides wife”(夫为妻纲),husband is the decision maker of a family,as a king in a state.The prejudice against woman has persisted to the present.This paper will show that within the Confucian tradition,the ontological principles of Yin and Yang have been abused to a certain degree,and women became the sacrifice of the interpretation with this prejudice.The author will argue in this paper,that the Yin-yang principle itself is very flexible.It contains much richer possibilities of interpretation than that had been interpreted in the Confucian tradition.The author’s argument is that if we recognized that each person is a complete Yin-Yang system,we would understand that every human being is a complete and independent person with both virtues of Yin and Yang.Yin is not a substance which restricts women,neither Yang to men.From this perspective,every woman has the potentiality to reach her universality and individuality.The author’s claim is that in building feminism with the resource of ancient Chinese thought,the concepts of Yin and Yang can be revived and given a new life if we think about them in a functional way.In this framework,Yin and Yang are correlative functions in social and family operation.The properties of Yin and Yang are determined only in each particular affair.People practicing functions are Yin or Yang in temporality.

The Chinese Yin-Yang Thinking in Antoni Tàpies’Artistic Creation

The writings and artistic works of Antoni Tàpies(2009;2011)mirror the influences of the cosmic vision of the Chinese yin-yang.Signs,numbers,and creative procedures related to this correlative thought prevail in his art.Tàpies integrated different iconological codes from the ancient Chinese thinking into his art to question the existential meaning of the universe and to express his thoughts on the cultural and socio-political controversies of his time.In other words,the images,media,and techniques that he utilized for his works were extensions of his life experiences intertwined with various socio-historical facts and his personal feelings.

The Dao of Mathematical Creativity,Symmetry Theories,and Yin-Yang Philosophy With Their Classroom Applications

This paper introduces creativity,one of the significant features in maths.The creative mathematical beauty of symmetry and asymmetry are worth investigating in the practicing of Taichi.Symmetrical variances make the real world.Symmetry can be regarded as a kind of mirroring,like the line symmetry,the mirror image of the other parts,or rotational symmetry.Such characteristics can be vividly demonstrated in the traditional Chinese philosophical yin-yang theory(YY).The accompanying of male and female reveals the friendly cooperative relationship.YY reflects the counterparts of vacancy and firm,inhale and exhale,noun and verb,theory and practice,light and heavy,slow and fast,the pace,the sound effect in the classroom.Such an analysis is undergone about yin and yang in Yi School and Dao De Ching(DDC).Furthermore,there are detailed arguments of the symmetric nature of every verse of DDC,revealing the cultural value of the language.Their applications in the class admit the recognition under the new liberal arts project by China’s Ministry of Education.Yet,the integration of research and teaching is required to go further.

Gender Relations in Kjell Askildsen’s A Lovely Place From the Perspective of Chinese Yin-Yang Theory

A Lovely Place(2019)is a collection of the Norwegian writer Kjell Askildsen’s short stories that is translated from German into Chinese by Yang Zhizi.It contains 18 short stories,whose male characters are mainly analyzed by researchers.The paper argues that female characters are playing an indispensable role in compensating the males’life stories and enlightening their worldviews according to Chinese Yin-Yang theory.The females can be classified into the following three groups in terms of their important relations to the males.Firstly,the female is the male’s companion in a certain part of the latter’s life.Secondly,the female facilitates the male’s intellectual growth either spontaneously or purposefully.Thirdly,the female struggles for independence to set an example for the male.The female characters in A Lovely Place present such femininity as beauty,energy,nostalgia,sentimentality,motherhood,etc.,stimulate the males to reflect on their own identities and fulfill their muscularity,and function as the genuine protagonists in the collection as far as the gender relations are concerned.

从“质能转换”论中医之阴阳

阴阳是古人对自然界“质能转换”的高度概括和运用,是中医学理论最基本的概念,中医各家学说,立论各异。本文以人生命运动规律为研究对象,从物质论的质量表现态、能量表现态和“质能转换”相对平衡态阐述阴阳的起源,阴阳在人体生命“质能转换”过程中存在的状态和代谢运动规律,以及人体生理学、病理学、解剖学、诊断学、药物学之阴阳的具体内涵。明确《伤寒论》辨津液输布离合是“质能转换”论在临床实践中的具体应用,津液一元,根源一致而互根互用,津液的质量表现态是“质能转换”的基础,津液的能量表现态是“质能转换”的功用。《伤寒论》“六病辨证体系”以津液的质量表现态、能量表现态及“质能转换”论探究人的生命体生老病死的生理病理规律,明晰六病病机、病传规律、治则治法和理法方药。因此,“质能转换”论是中医理论阴阳分类的基础。

The First Documented Experience of Qi and an Account of Healing Failure:4th-Century BCE

This essay will review the earliest case that documents a patient’s experience of qi,one found on a bamboo text buried with the patient who died in the 318 BCE.Details of the healing encounter and of concepts of illness show how non-transmitted documents hidden from later editors in tombs preserve an older layer of medical understanding than that in transmitted canons,such as the Huang Di Nei Jing(Inner Canon of the Yellow Emperor).The 4th-century BCE case record described below is the longest early medical record concerning the treatment of a specific individual.It is also an account of failure formally recorded for the sake of the survivors and buried with the dead to be transmitted to the world of the spirits.The essay begins with a reevaluation of ancient concept of qi and then moves on to the individual case record.

基于幂律模型解析有氧运动抵抗阿尔茨海默病的动物实验

背景:阴阳和中庸是中华文化的核心概念,但目前缺少与现代科学对接的桥梁。幂律模型在复杂系统科学中具有良好的鲁棒性或抗干扰能力,提示与阴阳和中庸密切相关。目的:通过幂律模型分析长期有氧运动抵抗阿尔茨海默病模型的阴阳辨证特征,探讨幂律模型阴阳学说在人体复杂系统中的潜在作用。方法:借鉴阴阳学说成双成对的思路、关系理性和中庸之道,文中用幂律表征每一对参数,将引起幂律系数和指数变化的因素称为阴阳因,提出了人体阴阳的参数对模型,并应用于阿尔茨海默病动物实验研究。人体的参数构成参数空间,将参数空间的几何均值定义为参数空间的时中。结果与结论:①阴阳是客观参数幂律关系的主观感觉;②2个子空间时中的阴阳属性相对于2个子空间的联合空间的时中而存在;③2个子空间时中的阴平阳秘或阴阳失调分别对应于2个子空间时中的同级幂律或升级幂律;④动物实验数据结果分析,阿尔茨海默病造模可以造成阴阳失调,造模前的长期游泳运动可以抵抗阿尔茨海默病造模对阴阳两类参数的改变;⑤上述结果显示,人体复杂系统参数对幂律模型阴阳学说的合理解释可以用于数据空间的阴阳辨证,客观参数时中的幂律关系可以表征其主观感觉的阴阳特征。

以气血阴阳四分法从相火角度论治内生火热病

基于相火理论以及古今医家有关内生火热病的相关论述,认为生理相火异常是导致内生火热病的核心病机,该病临床虽有不同程度的火热外象,但其有别于外感传经火热之病,本质是人体内部能量分布失衡所导致,临床多表现为虚实错杂、寒热夹杂,且病机往往涉及多个脏腑,辨治时较为复杂,故结合临床提出以气血阴阳四分法论治内生火热病,具体可分为气虚阴火、气郁化火、血虚生热、血瘀生热、阴虚火旺、阳虚火浮六种内生火热类型。临床若遇内生火热之病不可见火泻火,当首查人体相火病理状态,辨析气、血、阴、阳病变程度,并结合脏腑辨证进行施治,俾人体气畅血和,阴平阳秘,相火运转恢复常态,则火热自消,并于文末附袁红霞教授辨治内伤高热案一则以佐证。