Enrichment of yogurt with lactose addition may increase the growth of the yogurt starter culture (Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus) and enhance yogurt physico-chemical and senso...Enrichment of yogurt with lactose addition may increase the growth of the yogurt starter culture (Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus) and enhance yogurt physico-chemical and sensory attributes. The objectives of this study were to determine the influence of added lactose on the 1) physico-chemical characteristics, including the final lactose content of yogurt, during its shelf life;2) growth of the yogurt starter culture over yogurt shelf life and 3) the sensory attributes of yogurt. Fat free plain set-type yogurt was manufactured using 0%, 1%, 3% and 5% w/w added lactose to accomplish objectives 1 and 2. For objective 3, a blueberry yogurt was manufactured using the same lactose levels. Analyses for plain set-type yogurt were conducted at 7 days intervals during 35 days of storage. Sensory evaluation was conducted on flavored yogurt three days after its manufacture. Data were analyzed using Proc Mixed model of SAS®9.3 program. Significant differences between means were analyzed at α = 0.05 using Tukey adjustment. Lactose addition influenced some of the yogurt characteristics in a positive manner. Lactose contents of yogurts with lactose added at 1%, 3% and 5% stayed higher in that proportion than control throughout the 35 days of storage. Yogurts containing 5% w/w added lactose had the lowest pH. Yogurts containing 5% w/w added lactose had significantly the highest syneresis values compared to 0%, 1% and 3% w/w added lactose during storage period at day 7 and from day 21 onwards. Use of 5% w/w added lactose resulted in significantly higher counts of Streptococcus thermophilus compared to control and this bacterial survival was the highest for 1% w/w added lactose compared to the rest. The overall liking scores indicated that yogurts containing added lactose were preferred over control. For taste, sourness and sweetness samples containing added lactose had higher scores than control. The consumer acceptability of yogurts increased as lactose addition increased. The acceptability of yogurts and purchase intent frequency scores markedly increased with the addition of lactose.展开更多
酸奶发酵剂是由多种乳酸菌复配用于酸奶发酵生产的微生物材料,主要菌种为保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌。双组分信号转导系统(two-component signal transduction system, TCS)是细菌中常见的信号机制,经典TCS由跨膜受体组氨酸蛋白激酶和...酸奶发酵剂是由多种乳酸菌复配用于酸奶发酵生产的微生物材料,主要菌种为保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌。双组分信号转导系统(two-component signal transduction system, TCS)是细菌中常见的信号机制,经典TCS由跨膜受体组氨酸蛋白激酶和同源胞质内应答调控蛋白组成,使得细菌能够感知和响应外界环境刺激并且调控自身生理生化过程。与大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和天蓝色链霉菌等模式细菌相比,乳酸菌TCS研究相对滞后,缺乏系统阐明其响应和调控机制。该文总结酸奶发酵剂中保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌TCS近年来研究进展,以期为乳酸菌TCS解析和酸奶工业化生产控制提供帮助。展开更多
文摘Enrichment of yogurt with lactose addition may increase the growth of the yogurt starter culture (Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus) and enhance yogurt physico-chemical and sensory attributes. The objectives of this study were to determine the influence of added lactose on the 1) physico-chemical characteristics, including the final lactose content of yogurt, during its shelf life;2) growth of the yogurt starter culture over yogurt shelf life and 3) the sensory attributes of yogurt. Fat free plain set-type yogurt was manufactured using 0%, 1%, 3% and 5% w/w added lactose to accomplish objectives 1 and 2. For objective 3, a blueberry yogurt was manufactured using the same lactose levels. Analyses for plain set-type yogurt were conducted at 7 days intervals during 35 days of storage. Sensory evaluation was conducted on flavored yogurt three days after its manufacture. Data were analyzed using Proc Mixed model of SAS®9.3 program. Significant differences between means were analyzed at α = 0.05 using Tukey adjustment. Lactose addition influenced some of the yogurt characteristics in a positive manner. Lactose contents of yogurts with lactose added at 1%, 3% and 5% stayed higher in that proportion than control throughout the 35 days of storage. Yogurts containing 5% w/w added lactose had the lowest pH. Yogurts containing 5% w/w added lactose had significantly the highest syneresis values compared to 0%, 1% and 3% w/w added lactose during storage period at day 7 and from day 21 onwards. Use of 5% w/w added lactose resulted in significantly higher counts of Streptococcus thermophilus compared to control and this bacterial survival was the highest for 1% w/w added lactose compared to the rest. The overall liking scores indicated that yogurts containing added lactose were preferred over control. For taste, sourness and sweetness samples containing added lactose had higher scores than control. The consumer acceptability of yogurts increased as lactose addition increased. The acceptability of yogurts and purchase intent frequency scores markedly increased with the addition of lactose.
文摘酸奶发酵剂是由多种乳酸菌复配用于酸奶发酵生产的微生物材料,主要菌种为保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌。双组分信号转导系统(two-component signal transduction system, TCS)是细菌中常见的信号机制,经典TCS由跨膜受体组氨酸蛋白激酶和同源胞质内应答调控蛋白组成,使得细菌能够感知和响应外界环境刺激并且调控自身生理生化过程。与大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和天蓝色链霉菌等模式细菌相比,乳酸菌TCS研究相对滞后,缺乏系统阐明其响应和调控机制。该文总结酸奶发酵剂中保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌TCS近年来研究进展,以期为乳酸菌TCS解析和酸奶工业化生产控制提供帮助。
