Mantle pieces of Hyriopisis cumingii was treated by three kinds of solution,These mantle pieces were inserted together with paraffin nucleuses into the connective tissue of three groups of Hyriopisis cumingii.These op...Mantle pieces of Hyriopisis cumingii was treated by three kinds of solution,These mantle pieces were inserted together with paraffin nucleuses into the connective tissue of three groups of Hyriopisis cumingii.These operated animals were cultured in a pool for a month.Several pearl sacs were put out and immersed by Bouin's solution after every five days.Sections of each animals were made by histological method.Those without treatment were in a control group.Observations of these sections showed that cytochrome c and yolk lecithin have an accelerated roles on pearl sac development and pearl layer secretion.No effects on pearl sac development by polyvinyplyrrolidone(PVP).展开更多
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different drying methods,including ultrasonic vacuum drying,vacuum drying,vacuum freeze-drying,hot-air drying and spray drying,on the structure and emulsifyi...The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different drying methods,including ultrasonic vacuum drying,vacuum drying,vacuum freeze-drying,hot-air drying and spray drying,on the structure and emulsifying capacity of egg yolk lecithin based on Raman spectra.The results showed that ultrasonic vacuum drying and spray drying can induce the vibration of C-N bonds in the polar O-C-C-N^(+)head skeleton of egg yolk lecithin.The shift of the peak attributed to the C-N bond from 717 cm^(−1)to 774 and 772 cm^(−1)indicated that the vibration of some C-N bonds in the O-C-C-N^(+)skeleton had transformed from gauche to trans.Ultrasonic vacuum drying exerted the most intense effect on the C-C skeleton of egg yolk lecithin,with the greatest vibration peaks at 1062 cm^(−1),1128 cm^(−1),and 1097 cm^(−1)in the Raman spectra of egg yolks.Specifically,it relieved gauche vibration and strengthened trans vibration in the C-C skeleton.Hence,the I_(gauche)/I_(trans)ratio of the egg yolk lecithin processed through ultrasonic vacuum drying decreased.Ultrasonic vacuum drying and spray drying decreased the I_(2850)/I_(2878)ratio of the vibration peak of C-H bonds in the lipid chains of egg yolk lecithin.The weakening of the symmetric stretching vibration of the C-H bond and the strengthening of antisymmetric stretching vibration indicated that orderliness among the molecular chains of lipid bilayer membranes had increased,whereas liquidity had decreased.The emulsifying capacities were highly significantly different among various egg yolk lecithin samples,in which the highest emulsifying capacity(49.58 m^(2)/g)was shown for the egg yolk lecithin prepared through vacuum freeze-drying,and ultrasonic vacuum drying produced the lowest emulsifying capacity(14.77 m^(2)/g).This study demonstrated that ultrasonic vacuum drying and spray drying drastically affected the structure of egg yolk lecithin.The appropriate drying method can be selected based on sample volume and production situation.展开更多
文摘Mantle pieces of Hyriopisis cumingii was treated by three kinds of solution,These mantle pieces were inserted together with paraffin nucleuses into the connective tissue of three groups of Hyriopisis cumingii.These operated animals were cultured in a pool for a month.Several pearl sacs were put out and immersed by Bouin's solution after every five days.Sections of each animals were made by histological method.Those without treatment were in a control group.Observations of these sections showed that cytochrome c and yolk lecithin have an accelerated roles on pearl sac development and pearl layer secretion.No effects on pearl sac development by polyvinyplyrrolidone(PVP).
基金The authors acknowledge that this work was financially supported by the Support Plan of the College Scientific and Technological Innovation Team of Henan Province(Project 17IRTSTHN016)the College Scientific and Technological Innovation Talents Program of Henan Province(Project 19HASTIT013)Henan University of Science and Technology Experimental Technology Development Fund(Project SY1819011).
文摘The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different drying methods,including ultrasonic vacuum drying,vacuum drying,vacuum freeze-drying,hot-air drying and spray drying,on the structure and emulsifying capacity of egg yolk lecithin based on Raman spectra.The results showed that ultrasonic vacuum drying and spray drying can induce the vibration of C-N bonds in the polar O-C-C-N^(+)head skeleton of egg yolk lecithin.The shift of the peak attributed to the C-N bond from 717 cm^(−1)to 774 and 772 cm^(−1)indicated that the vibration of some C-N bonds in the O-C-C-N^(+)skeleton had transformed from gauche to trans.Ultrasonic vacuum drying exerted the most intense effect on the C-C skeleton of egg yolk lecithin,with the greatest vibration peaks at 1062 cm^(−1),1128 cm^(−1),and 1097 cm^(−1)in the Raman spectra of egg yolks.Specifically,it relieved gauche vibration and strengthened trans vibration in the C-C skeleton.Hence,the I_(gauche)/I_(trans)ratio of the egg yolk lecithin processed through ultrasonic vacuum drying decreased.Ultrasonic vacuum drying and spray drying decreased the I_(2850)/I_(2878)ratio of the vibration peak of C-H bonds in the lipid chains of egg yolk lecithin.The weakening of the symmetric stretching vibration of the C-H bond and the strengthening of antisymmetric stretching vibration indicated that orderliness among the molecular chains of lipid bilayer membranes had increased,whereas liquidity had decreased.The emulsifying capacities were highly significantly different among various egg yolk lecithin samples,in which the highest emulsifying capacity(49.58 m^(2)/g)was shown for the egg yolk lecithin prepared through vacuum freeze-drying,and ultrasonic vacuum drying produced the lowest emulsifying capacity(14.77 m^(2)/g).This study demonstrated that ultrasonic vacuum drying and spray drying drastically affected the structure of egg yolk lecithin.The appropriate drying method can be selected based on sample volume and production situation.
