Au@SiO_2纳米Yolk/shell结构的可控合成及表征

在合成贵金属Au纳米颗粒的基础上,利用种子生长法制备Au@ZnO纳米核壳结构,以正硅酸四乙酯(TEOS)为前驱体,并利用酸刻蚀ZnO包裹层得到Au@SiO2纳米Yolk/shell结构,采用透射电子显微镜、紫外–可见分光光度仪等对样品的形貌、结构及稳定性进行了系统的表征。

“Yolk-shell”结构中高效双酶级联催化体系的构筑

合成了一种生物-无机杂化材料ZIF-8@GOx-CPO@ZIF-8,该材料以具有“蛋黄-壳(Yolk-shell)”结构的金属有机框架(MOF)为载体,将葡萄糖氧化酶(GOx)和氯过氧化物酶(CPO)封装在不同隔离空间中构建了双酶纳米反应器.“Yolk-shell”结构可为封装的酶提供纳米邻近效应,GOx催化底物原位生成的H_(2)O_(2)可启动相邻的CPO催化反应,有效减少了反应物的扩散阻力和H_(2)O_(2)的分解和逃逸,同时避免了两种酶催化反应的相互影响.与均相缓冲液中的游离酶相比,ZIF-8@GOx-CPO@ZIF-8的级联催化效率更高.由于MOF的屏蔽效应,酶的热稳定性和有机溶剂耐受性显著提高.“Yolk-shell”结构还可有效抑制材料重复使用过程中酶分子的泄漏,经过20次重复使用后,ZIF-8@GOx-CPO@ZIF-8仍可保持初始级联催化效率的72%.将ZIF-8@GOx-CPO@ZIF-8双酶级联反应生成的HClO应用于偶氮染料的高效脱色和水果保鲜.在1 mg/mL ZIF-8@GOx-CPO@ZIF-8水溶液中,橙黄G(0.3 mmol/L)在15 min内可完成脱色(脱色率>98%).在新鲜草莓的杀菌保鲜实验中,ZIF-8@GOx-CPO@ZIF-8也显示出良好效果.ZIF-8@GOx-CPO@ZIF-8双酶级联催化体系具有高效、稳定、温和及绿色的特点,极具应用潜力.

Effect of Progressive Substitution of Cement and Lime by Powdered Shells Used as a Curing Agent for Dredged Soil in a Port Area

This study aimed to address the challenges of solid waste utilization,cost reduction,and carbon reduction in the treatment of deep-dredged soil at Xuwei Port in Lianyungang city of China.Past research in this area was limited.Therefore,a curing agent made from powdered shells was used to solidify the dredged soil in situ.We employed laboratory orthogonal tests to investigate the physical and mechanical properties of the powdered shell-based curing agent.Data was collected by conducting experiments to assess the role of powdered shells in the curing process and to determine the optimal ratios of powdered shells to solidified soil for different purposes.The development of strength in solidified soil was studied in both seawater and pure water conditions.The study revealed that the strength of the solidified soil was influenced by the substitution rate of powdered shells and their interaction with cement.Higher cement content had a positive effect on strength.For high-strength solidified soil,the recommended ratio of wet soil:cement:lime:powdered shells were 100:16:4:4,while for low-strength solidified soil,the recommended ratio was 100:5.4:2.4:0.6.Seawater,under appropriate conditions,improved short-term strength by promoting the formation of expansive ettringite minerals that contributed to cementation and precipitation.These findings suggest that the combination of cement and powdered shells is synergistic,positively affecting the strength of solidified soil.The recommended ratios provide practical guidance for achieving desired strength levels while considering factors such as cost and carbon emissions.The role of seawater in enhancing short-term strength through crystal formation is noteworthy and can be advantageous for certain applications.In conclusion,this research demonstrates the potential of using a powdered shell-based curing agent for solidifying dredged soil in an environmentally friendly and cost-effective manner.The recommended ratios for different strength requirements offer valuable insights for practical applications in the field of soil treatment,contributing to sustainable and efficient solutions for soil management.

Plates, Beams and Shells Reinforced by CNTs or GPLs: A Review on Their Structural Behavior and Computational Methods

Since the initial observation of carbon nanotubes(CNTs)and graphene platelets(GPLs)in the 1990 and 2000s,the demand for high-performance structural applications and multifunctional materials has driven significant interest in composite structures reinforced with GPLs and CNTs.Incorporating these nanofillers into matrix materials markedly enhances the mechanical properties of the structures.To further improve efficiency and functionality,func-tionally graded(FG)distributions of CNTs and GPLs have been proposed.This study presents an extensive review of computational approaches developed to predict the global behavior of composite structural components enhanced with CNT and GPL nanofillers.The analysis focuses on key structural elements,such as plate-type configurations,cylindrical and curved shells,and beams,emphasizing the computational techniques utilized to simulate their mechanical behavior.The utilization of three-dimensional elasticity theories and equivalent single-layer(ESL)frameworks,which are widely employed in the modeling and analysis of these composites,is comprehensively discussed.Additionally,the paper examines various mechanical performance aspects,including static,buckling,post-buckling,vibrational,and dynamic responses for the mentioned structures.The unique features of hybrid nanocomposites,combining CNTs and GPLs,are also analyzed.Furthermore,the study delves into the fabrication and processing techniques of these materials,with a particular focus on strategies to mitigate nanofiller agglomeration.The review extends to cover thermal and electrical properties,durability under environmental exposure,fatigue resistance,and vibration-damping characteristics.In conclusion,the paper underscores the necessity for ongoing advancements in computational modeling to facilitate improved design,analysis,and optimization of nanocomposite structures.Future research opportunities in this rapidly advancing domain are also outlined.

考虑二阶邻居信息的K-shell重要节点识别算法研究

在真实网络中,找出一些关键的节点进行保护能够有效维持系统的稳定,同时对于复杂网络中的病毒控制与传播、交通网络的故障控制、社交网络中影响力识别等都有重要作用。在现有关键节点识别算法K-shell的基础上,提出了一种考虑二阶邻居信息的K-shell的关键节点识别算法,该算法综合考虑节点的全局与局部信息,同时引入节点的一阶邻居节点和二阶邻居节点的相关信息,计算节点在网络中的重要性。为了验证该算法的性能,以随机攻击和蓄意攻击两种攻击方式在网络中的节点进行仿真实验,实验结果表明,考虑二阶邻居信息的K-shell方法能够有效地检测节点的重要性,识别网络中的关键节点。

介孔yolk-shell型Co_3O_4@mSiO_2纳米反应器降解水中的苯酚

本文分别采用双溶液注射法和选择性刻蚀法合成了单核和多核两种介孔yolk-shell型Co_3O_4@mSiO_2(介孔Si O2)纳米反应器.并对比了两种纳米反应器和纳米Co_3O_4颗粒催化过一硫酸氢钾(KHSO_5)去除水中苯酚的效果.结果显示,两种纳米反应器催化KHSO_5降解苯酚的效率在相同反应条件下分别比纳米Co_3O_4颗粒提高18.8%和26.7%,说明多核型纳米反应器催化性能更好.进一步研究pH值、KHSO_5与苯酚物质的量之比n_(KHSO_5)∶n_(C_6H_6O)和材料投加量m_(cata)对苯酚降解的影响,发现多核型纳米反应器的最佳反应条件为pH=7,n_(KHSO_5)∶n_(C_6H_6O)=10∶1,m_(cata)=0.8 g·L^(-1).最后,结合催化活性和吸附实验,以及XRD、XPS、STEM、BET等手段,分析了纳米反应器的形貌、结构、元素形态和比表面积,并推断反应机理.结果显示,纳米反应器的主体结构为均匀分散的SiO_2中空微球,粒径约为300 nm,表面布满介孔,并拥有极大的比表面积,能有效吸附水中的苯酚并将其富集于纳米反应器中,同时mSiO_2微球中形成的Co_3O_4内核催化KHSO_5产生硫酸根自由基(SO_4^(·-))降解水中的苯酚,纳米反应器的吸附、富集和限域作用强化了苯酚的降解.

多核yolk-shell型Co_3O_4@mSiO_2纳米反应器降解双酚A

采用阳离子表面活性剂协助的自模板法合成了中空介孔Si O_2微球(HMSS),然后向含HMSS的悬浮液中加入醋酸钴溶液和氨水,让两种溶液经HMSS表面介孔进入空腔中反应生成Co_3O_4内核,合成了多核yolk-shell型Co_3O_4@m Si O_2(介孔Si O_2)纳米反应器.结合XRD、XPS、SEM、STEM、BET等手段,分析了纳米反应器的形貌、结构、元素形态和比表面积.结果显示纳米反应器均匀分散,粒径约为300nm,表面布满介孔,内部分布大量Co_3O_4纳米粒子,拥有极大的比表面积161m^2/g,远大于Co_3O_4纳米粒子的比表面积35m^2/g,能有效吸附双酚A(BPA),1h吸附容量达12.7mg/g.多核yolk-shell型Co_3O_4@m Si O_2纳米反应器能高效催化过一硫酸氢盐(PMS)降解BPA,2h降解率达81.8%,远高于Co_3O_4纳米粒子的降解率51.3%,同时能节省PMS的投加量,避免水中盐度过高.此外,合成的纳米反应器具有很好的再利用性,在p H值3~9范围内表现出稳定而高效的催化性能.

A wrinkle to sub-100 nm yolk/shell Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles

Yolk/shell nanoparticles （NPs）, which integrate functional cores （likes Fe3O4） and an inert SiO2 shell, are very important for applications in fields such as biomedicine and catalysis. An acidic medium is an excellent etchant to achieve hollow SiO2 but harmful to most functional cores. Reported here is a method for preparing sub-100 nm yolk/shell Fe3O4@SiO2 NPs by a mild acidic etching strategy. Our results demonstrate that establishment of a dissolution-diffusion equilibrium of silica is essential for achieving yolk/shell Fe3O4@SiO2 NPs. A uniform increase in the silica compactness from the inside to the outside and an appropriate pH value of the etchant are the main factors controlling the thickness and cavity of the SiO2 shell. Under our ＂standard etching code＂, the acid-sensitive Fe3O4 core can be perfectly preserved and the SiO2 shell can be selectively etched away. The mechanism of etching was investigated. regulation of SiO2 etching and acidic

General synthesis of silica-based yolk/shell hybrid nanomaterials and in vivo tumor vasculature targeting

Multifunctional yolk/shell-structured hybrid nanomaterials have attracted increasing interest as theranostic nanoplatforms for cancer imaging and therapy. However, because of the lack of suitable surface engineering and tumor targeting strategies, previous research has focused mainly on nanostructure design and synthesis with few successful examples showing active tumor targeting after systemic administration. In this study, we report the general synthetic strategy of chelator-free zirconium-89 （89Zr）-radiolabeled, TRC105 antibody-conjugated, silica-based yolk/sheU hybrid nanopartides for in vivo tumor vasculature targeting. Three types of inorganic nanoparticles with varying morphologies and sizes were selected as the internal cores, which were encapsulated into single hollow mesoporous silica nanosheUs to form the yolk/sheU-structured hybrid nanopartides. As a proof-of-concept, we demonstrated successful surface functionalization of the nanoparticles with polyethylene glycol, TRC105 antibody （specific for CD105/endoglin）, and ~Zr （a positron-emitting radioisotope）, and enhanced in vivo tumor vasculature-targeted positron emission tomography imaging in 4T1 murine breast tumor-bearing mice. This strategy could be applied to the synthesis of other types of yolk/shell theranostic nanoparticles for tumor- targeted imaging and drug delivery.

基于SHELL模型的航空货物运输安全问题研究

文章阐述了SHELL 模型的基本理论,分析了航空货物运输的基本流程及常见安全问题,应用SHELL模型重点探究航空货物运输中人与硬件(L-H)、人与软件(L-S)、人与环境(L-E)及人与人(L-L)的要素特征与关系界面,梳理引发安全问题导致不安全事件的原因,提出缩小关系界面空隙、提高关系匹配度的措施,保障航空货物运输安全,促进航空货运持续稳定发展。

基于邻域K-shell分布的关键节点识别方法

复杂网络中关键节点的精准识别对于网络结构稳定和信息传播起着至关重要的作用。传统K-shell方法仅通过节点在网络中所处位置对节点的重要性进行评估,导致区分度不高。基于此,综合考虑了节点的全局信息和局部信息对节点重要性的影响,提出一种基于邻域K-shell分布的关键节点识别方法。该方法通过节点邻域Ks值定义节点的熵,从而反映邻居节点的K-shell分布特征。通过11个网络数据集上的仿真实验,验证了所提方法能够更准确地识别并区分复杂网络中的关键节点。

Yolk-shell Si/C composites with multiple Si nanoparticles encapsulated into double carbon shells as lithium-ion battery anodes

The conceptual design of yolk-shell structured Si/C composites is considered to be an effective way to improve the recyclability and conductivity of Si-based anode materials. Herein, a new type of yolk-shell structured Si/C composite (denoted as TSC-PDA-B) has been intelligently designed by rational engineering and precise control. In the novel structure, the multiple Si nanoparticles with small size are successfully encapsulated into the porous carbon shells with double layers benefiting from the strong etching effect of HF. The TSC-PDA-B product prepared is evaluated as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The TSC-PDA-B product exhibits an excellent lithium storage performance with a high initial capacity of 2108 mAh g^-1 at a current density of 100 mA g^-1 and superior cycling performance of 1113 mAh g^-1 over 200 cycles. The enhancement of lithium storage performance may be attributed to the construction of hybrid structure including small Si nanoparticles, high surface area, and double carbon shells, which can not only increase electrical conductiv让y and intimate electrical contact with Si nanoparticles, but also provide built-in buffer voids for Si nanoparticles to expand freely without damaging the carbon layer. The present findings can provide some scientific insights into the design and the application of advanced Si-based anode materials in energy storage fields.

High performance columnar-like Fe2O3@carbon composite anode via yolk@shell structural design

Conversion-type reaction anode materials with high specific capacity are attractive candidates to improve lithium ion batteries(LIBs), yet the rapid capacity fading and poor rate capability caused by drastic volume change and low electronic conductivity greatly hinder their practical applications. To circumvent these issues, the successful design of yolk@shell Fe2 O3@C hybrid composed of a columnar-like Fe2O3 core within a hollow cavity completely surrounded by a thin, self-supported carbon(C) shell is presented as an anode for high-performance LIBs. This yolk@shell structure allows each Fe2O3 core to swell upon lithiation without deforming the carbon shell. This preserves the structural and electrical integrity against pulverization, as revealed by in situ transmission electron microscopy(TEM) measurement. Benefiting from these structural advantages, the resulting electrode exhibits a high reversible capacity(1013 m Ah g-1 after80 cycles at 0.2 A g-1), outstanding rate capability(710 m Ah g-1 at 8 A g-1) and superior cycling stability(800 m Ah g-1 after 300 cycles at 4 A g-1). A Li-ion full cell using prelithiated yolk@shell Fe2 O3@C hybrid as the anode and commercial Li CoO2(LCO) as the cathode demonstrates impressive cycling stability with a capacity retention of 84.5% after 100 cycles at 1 C rate, holding great promise for future practical applications.

2D hierarchical yolk-shell heterostructures as advanced host-interlayer integrated electrode for enhanced Li-S batteries

Lithium sulfur(Li-S)batteries hold great promising for high-energy-density batteries,but appear rapid capacity fading due to the lack of overall and elaborated design of both sulfur host and interlayer.Herein,we developed a novel two-dimensional(2D)hierarchical yolk-shell heterostructure,constructed by a graphene yolk,2D void and outer shell of vertically aligned carbon-mediated MoS2 nanosheets(G@void@MoS2/C),as advanced host-interlayer integrated electrode for Li-S batteries.Notably,the 2D void,with a typical thickness of^80 nm,provided suitable space for loading and confining nano sulfur,and vertically aligned ultrathin MoS2 nanosheets guaranteed enriched catalytically active sites to effectively promote the transition of soluble polysulfides.The conductive graphene yolk and carbon mediated shell sufficiently accelerated electron transport.Therefore,the integrated electrode of G@void@MoS2/C not only exceptionally confined the sulfur/polysulfides in 2D yolk-shell heterostructures,but also achieved catalytic transition of the residual polysulfides dissolved in electrolyte to solid Li2S2/Li2S,both of which synergistically achieved an extremely low capacity fading rate of 0.05%per cycle over 1000 times at 2C,outperforming most reported Mo based cathodes and interlayers for Li-S batteries.2D hierarchical yolkshell heterostructures developed here may shed new insight on elaborated design of integrated electrodes for Li-S batteries.

Design and Synthesis of Cu@CuS Yolk–Shell Structures with Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity

Non-spherical Cu@Cu S yolk–shell structures are successfully obtained using Cu_2 O cube templates in a process combining rapid surface sulfidation followed by disproportionation of the Cu_2 O core upon treatment with a hydrochloric acid solution. By employing the above method,Cu@Cu S yolk–shell structures with different morphologies,including octahedral, truncated octahedral, and cuboctahedral shapes, can be synthesized. The void space within the hollow structures provides a unique confined space, where the metallic copper present in the core of a shell can be protected from agglomeration and oxidation. Furthermore,the presence of metal copper in these hollow structurescontributes to improvement in the photocatalytic properties of these materials. The application of these Cu@Cu S structures indeed shows clearly improved photocatalytic performance.

Facile Approach to Synthesize Gold Nanorod@Polyacrylic Acid/Calcium Phosphate Yolk–Shell Nanoparticles for Dual-Mode Imaging and pH/NIR-Responsive Drug Delivery

A facile strategy to fabricate gold nanorod@polyacrylic acid/calcium phosphate(Au NR@-PAA/Ca P) yolk–shell nanoparticles(NPs) composed with a PAA/Ca P shell and an Au NR yolk is reported. The asobtained Au NR@PAA/Ca P yolk–shell NPs possess ultrahigh doxorubicin(DOX) loading capability(1 mg DOX/mg NPs), superior photothermal conversion property(26%)and p H/near-infrared(NIR) dual-responsive drug delivery performance. The released DOX continuously increased due to the damage of the Ca P shell at low p H values. When the DOX-loaded Au NR@PAA/Ca P yolk–shell NPs wereexposed to NIR irradiation, a burst-like drug release occurs owing to the heat produced by the Au NRs. Furthermore,Au NR@PAA/Ca P yolk–shell NPs are successfully employed for synergic dual-mode X-ray computed tomography/photoacoustic imaging and chemo-photothermal cancer therapy. Therefore, this work brings new insights for the synthesis of multifunctional nanomaterials and extends theranostic applications.

A Review: Enhanced Anodes of Li/Na-Ion Batteries Based on Yolk–Shell Structured Nanomaterials

Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs) and sodium-ion batteries(SIBs) have received much attention in energy storage system. In particular, among the great efforts on enhancing the performance of LIBs and SIBs, yolk–shell(YS) structured materials have emerged as a promising strategy toward improving lithium and sodium storage. YS structures possess unique interior void space, large surface area and short diffusion distance, which can solve the problems of volume expansion and aggregation of anode materials, thus enhancing the performance of LIBs and SIBs. In this review, we present a brief overview of recent advances in the novel YS structures of spheres, polyhedrons and rods with controllable morphology and compositions. Enhanced electrochemical performance of LIBs and SIBs based on these novel YS structured anode materials was discussed in detail.

Facile Fabrication of Fe3O4@TiO2@C Yolk–Shell Spheres as Anode Material for Lithium Ion Batteries

Transition metal oxides have been actively exploited for application in lithium ion batteries due to their facile synthesis,high specific capacity,and environmental-friendly.In this paper,Fe3O4@TiO2@C yolk-shell(Y-S)spheres,used as anode material for lithium ion batteries,were successfully fabricated by Stober method.XRD patterns reveal that Fe3O4@TiO2@C Y-S spheres possess a good crystallinity.But the diffraction peaks’intensity of Fe3O4 crystals in the composites is much weaker than that of bare Fe3O4 spheres,indicating that the outer anatase TiO2@C layer can cover up the diffraction peaks of inner Fe3O4 spheres.The yolk-shell structure of Fe3O4@TiO2@C spheres is further characterized by TEM,HAADFSTEM,and EDS mapping.The yolk-shell structure is good for improving the cycling stability of the inner Fe3O4 spheres during lithium ions insertion-extraction processes.When tested at 200 mA/g,the Fe3O4@TiO2@C Y-S spheres can provide a stable discharge capacity of 450 mAh/g over 100 cycles,which is much better than that of bare Fe3O4 spheres and TiO2@C spheres.Furthermore,cyclic voltammetry curves show that the composites have a good cycling stability compared to bare Fe3O4 spheres.

MOF衍生的Yolk-Shell结构NiCo/C复合材料的电磁波吸收性能

金属有机框架(MOF)衍生的多孔金属/碳复合材料由于具有大的表面积和孔体积,引起了电磁波吸收领域研究者的广泛关注。本文采用溶剂热法合成双金属NiCo-MOF,再通过煅烧制备了具有Yolk-shell结构的NiCo/C复合材料,采用SEM、XRD、拉曼光谱以及磁强计(VSM)等分析方法对比研究了不同Ni、Co质量比对NiCo/C复合材料吸波性能的影响。结果表明,随着Ni、Co质量比的变化,吸波性能发生了显著的改变。在9.4 GHz的频率下,Ni_(1)Co_(1)/C复合材料的性能达到最佳,最小反射损耗为-56.8 dB,有效吸收带宽为5.5 GHz。分析该复合材料的吸波机理发现,电磁波的多重反射、界面极化损耗、自然共振和交换共振是导致其吸波性能提高的重要原因。本文的研究结果为纳米多孔双金属MOF复合材料的制备与性能研究提供了研究思路。