A Study on the Influence of Social Media Use on Psychological Anxiety among Young Women

To explore the relationship between social influence,social comparison,clarity of self-concept,and psychological anxiety among young women during their usage of social networking sites,our study selected 338 young women aged 14-34 from the social site platforms of Little Red Book and Weibo for questionnaire surveys.The Passive Social Network Utilization Scale,Social Comparison Scale(SCS),Social Influence Questionnaire,Self-Concept Clarity Scale(SCCS),and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale(GAD-7)were employed to measure the subjects.Our results show that the frequency of passive social media use is positively related to the level of psychological anxiety.Social comparison,social influence,and unclear self-concepts under social media use are negatively predictive of psychological anxiety.The chain mediation effects indicate that social comparison and social influence under social media use negatively predict the clarity of self-concept,thus having a negative impact on the psychological health of young women.Therefore,young women should strengthen their self-concepts,control their frequency of social media usage,avoid addiction,and pay special attention to their frequency of passive use,in order to protect their psychological health.Our study provides some practical implications and insights regarding the relationship between young women’s social media use and psychological health.

Hospitalizations for alcoholic liver disease during the COVID-19 pandemic increased more for women,especially young women,compared to men

BACKGROUND Alcoholic liver disease(ALD)remains one of the major indications for liver transplantation in the United States and continues to place a burden on the national healthcare system.There is evidence of increased alcohol consumption during the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,and the effect of this on the already burdened health systems remains unknown.AIM To assess the trends for ALD admissions during the COVID-19 pandemic,and compare it to a similar pre-pandemic period.METHODS This retrospective study analyzed all admissions at a tertiary health care system,which includes four regional hospitals.ALD admissions were identified by querying a multi-hospital health system’s electronic database using ICD-10 codes.ALD admissions were compared for two one-year periods;pre-COVID-19 from April 2019 to March 2020,and during-COVID-19 from April 2020 to March 2021.Data were analyzed using a Poisson regression model and admission rates were compared using the annual quarterly average for the two time periods,with stratification by age and gender.Percent increase or decrease in admissions from the Poisson regression model were reported as incident rate ratios.RESULTS One thousand three hundred and seventy-eight admissions for ALD were included.80.7%were Caucasian,and 34.3%were female.An increase in the number of admissions for ALD during the COVID-19 pandemic was detected.Among women,a sharp rise(33%)was noted in those below the age of 50 years,and an increase of 22%in those above 50 years.Among men,an increase of 24%was seen for those below 50 years,and a 24%decrease in those above 50 years.CONCLUSION The COVID-19 pandemic has had widespread implications,and an increase in ALD admissions is just one of them.However,given that women are often prone to rapid progression of ALD,this finding has important preventive health implications.

Analysis of Regional Differences in Bone Mineral Density Acquisition Factors in Young Women

Purpose: Obtaining high peak bone mass (PBM) and maintaining bone mass is important for the prevention of osteoporosis. This study aimed to examine the regional differences in bone mineral density and factors associated with its acquisition from exercise. Design: The study population included 75 women of 18 - 22 years of age in East Japan and 104 women of 18 - 27 years of age in West Japan. The speed of sound (SOS) of the calcaneus was measured, and the young adult mean (%YAM) was calculated from the SOS. The subjects’ medical history, family history of osteoporosis, and exercise habits were examined using a self-administered questionnaire. Results: There were a significantly greater number of subjects with low %YAM in West Japan. The exercise history and exercise time were significantly higher in West Japan, and the exercise intensity score tended to be higher in East Japan during junior high and high school. A multiple regression analysis by region revealed that the following factors had a significant positive association with the SOS: exercise intensity at elementary school and outdoor sports at junior high school in East Japan;and exercise time at elementary school, muscle mass, and outdoor sports at junior high school in West Japan. On the other hand, exercise time in junior high school in West Japan showed a negative association with the SOS. Conclusions: Regional differences in bone mineral density existed, suggesting a trend toward lower bone mineral density in West Japan. Exercise history and time tended to be higher in West Japan, and exercise intensity scores tended to be higher in East Japan, suggesting that exercise intensity may be more important than exercise time for obtaining bone mineral density.

Provision of Fertility Preservation for Young Women with Early-Stage Breast Cancer

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide, constituting 25% of all cancer diagnoses. Even though it is only affecting 4% - 6% of women under the age of 40, it remains the most common malignancy among younger patients. Advancement in the treatment and earlier detection gives excellent 5 years of survival. However, the standard treatment that comprises surgical-chemo radiation therapy or hormonal treatment often results in an increased incidence of treatment-induced infertility. Therefore, adding fertility preservation to primary cancer treatment may offer the best opportunity for future fertility. However, despite advancements in Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART), the uptake of fertility services in this group remains low. In this review, we highlighted the effect of all breast cancer treatments on women’s fertility, the effectiveness and safety of ART in breast cancer patients as well as the safety of pregnancy in breast cancer survivors. Our aim is to improve awareness of fertility preservation for breast cancer to ensure all women diagnosed with breast cancer have multidisciplinary approaches with early referral to fertility specialists to discuss regarding potential risks and benefits of fertility preservation to improve the uptake of fertility preservation among this group of patients.

Clinico-pathological characteristics and prognosis of young women with breast

Background:Breast cancer is more common among young women in China than in developed countries.This study analyzes the clinicopathological features and prognosis of young women with breast cancer in southwest China.Materials and Methods:We reviewed the records of 406 breast cancer patients≤35 years old from 2008 to 2017 in southwest China,investigating their biological characteristics and prognosis.Results:In southwest China,8.77%of breast cancer patients were young women.Although the number of breast cancer cases increased over time,the proportion of young women declined.Patients in stages III and IV accounted for 32%of cases.Young women with breast cancer often experienced local and regional recurrence and had a poor prognosis(5-year disease-free survival rate of 54.9%and 5-year overall survival rate of 71.3%).T and N stages were significantly related to disease-free survival and overall survival.Hormone receptor status was associated with overall survival.Conclusions:In southwest China,young women with breast cancer tend to present with late-stage clinical features,and the prognosis remains poor.

The Motivations and Experiences of Young Women in a Microbicide Trial in the USA and Puerto Rico

Young women are an important target group in microbicide research, yet little is known about why they participate and stay in microbicide trials. Our study examined motivations for participating in a Phase I microbicide trial among 61 women ages 18 - 24 years in the continental USA and Puerto Rico. We also examined their perspectives on study participation. Participants underwent a semi-structured in-depth interview in which they were asked about factors that motivated enrollment and their experiences while participating. They also completed a Web-based Computer Assisted Self Interview in which they were asked to rate study burden (1 = low to 4 = high). Factors that motivated enrollment were altruism (29%), compensation (17%), a combination of altruism and compensation (37%) and free medical exams (17%). Factors that encouraged participants to stay in the study were study staff (95%), confirmation of good health (41%), and the opportunity to learn about their bodies (17%). Mean ratings of study burden ranged from 1.83 (having to travel to site) to 2.41 (colposcopy), indicating that participants were not highly bothered by visits or procedures. Although Phase I trials require invasive procedures, participants were not highly bothered by them and recognized them as necessary. Good relationships with staff and clear information about how procedures contribute to study goals may encourage participants to remain in trials. Young women may be motivated to enter microbicide trials by stressing the role they will play in discovering better HIV-prevention methods and highlighting the comprehensive preventive exams they will receive.

Attitude to cervical cancer screening and sexual behaviour among HPV vaccinated young women—A qualitative pilot study

Objectives: To explore attitudes to cervical cancer screening and sexual behaviour among human papillomavirus (HPV)-vaccinated young women in southern Sweden. Methods: Sixteen women aged 17-26 years who had received the HPV vaccine were submitted to an individual semi-structured interview. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. The data were analysed qualitatively by means of latent content analysis. Results: The interviewees had a poor understanding of cervical cancer screening. After it was explained to them, they stated that they were willing to participate in the screening. The young women thought their future sexual behaviour would not be affected by the vaccination. They considered themselves to be more aware of it and less likely to engage in risky behaviour than their peers. They knew little about the relation among HPV, sexual transmission and cervical cancer, and they expressed a desire for more information. Conclusions: These young women who recently had been administered HPV vaccine had a limited understanding of the importance of participating in future cervical cancer screening. It is necessary that more and more appropriate information of cervical cancer screening be given on the occasion of the HPV vaccination.

Correlation between Mineral Intake and Urinary Excretion in Free-Living Japanese Young Women

To clarify whether the urinary excretion of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, zinc, copper, manganese, selenium and molybdenum can be used as an index of their intake, the association between urinary excretion and intake in free-living individuals was examined. A total of 102 healthy free-living female university dietetics students aged 18 - 33 years voluntarily participated in this study, of which 76 students were eligible for this assessment. All food consumed for four consecutive days was recorded accurately by a weighed food record method. A 24-h urine sample was collected on the fourth day, and the urinary levels of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, zinc, copper, manganese, selenium and molybdenum were measured. Significant correlation between urinary excretion and intake was observed in sodium (r = 0.596, p < 0.001), potassium (r = 0.583, p < 0.001), calcium (r = 0.402, p < 0.001), magnesium (r = 0.365, p < 0.01), phosphorus (r = 0.509, p < 0.001), selenium (r = 0.349, p < 0.01) and molybdenum (r = 0.265, p < 0.01). On the other hand, urinary excretion was very low and completely independent of the intake in iron, zinc, copper and manganese. These results indicate that urinary calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, selenium and mo-lybdenum can be used as an index of their intake, similarly to sodium and potassium.

Knowledge about HIV and AIDS among Young Women

HIV and AIDS are a major health concern among women worldwide. It is important that women especially youths are educated about HIV and AIDS because they represent a window of opportunity for reversing HIV rates if effective prevention programs can reach them before they engage in risky sexual behaviour. Women are more vulnerable to HIV infection than men and play a central role in the concept of the family, in nurturing, protecting, and caring for the family. The aim of the study was to explore HIV and AIDS knowledge among young women. A qualitative exploratory approach using focus group discussions was used and content analysis was used to interpret the data. A total of 8 focus group discussions were conducted two study sites intervention and control site. The analysis revealed 6 themes namely definition of HIV and AIDS, seriousness of HIV and AIDS in the community, signs and symptoms, transmission of HIV, cure for HIV and AIDS and prevention. The findings showed that some participants had knowledge deficit on HIV and AIDS, therefore continued community sensitisation is essential.

Beliefs and practices of young women on utilization of prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV services in Malawi

This study explored beliefs and actual practices of young women on utilization of Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) of HIV services in Balaka district of Southern Malawi. The study design wascross sectional which utilized qualitative data collection and analysis methods. In-depth interviews were conducted on 12 young mothers of 15 to 24 years old. The respondents were drawn from 6 health centres in the district during their visits to either the under-five clinic, HIV and AIDS support groups or HIV follow up clinics. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis approach. Overall the respondents had positive beliefs on utilization of PMTCT services. They believed that adherence to PMTCT guidelines such as condom use, taking of Nevirapine (NVP) and exclusive breastfeeding protected the baby from contracting the virus. Nevertheless, all respondents believed that HIV testing was mandatory and that early weaning caused malnutrition and death of babies. Actual practice was very low. Very few young mothers breastfed exclusively, weaned their babies abruptly and took NVP as recommended. Not all positive beliefs translated into positive behavior. Lack of male support, inability of the midwives to provide comprehensive care to HIV infected mothers and their infants, and fear of stigma and discrimination were other factors that hindered utilization of PMTCT services. Culture was also a major barrier because traditionally babies are expected to be breastfed and supplements are fed to babies too. Therefore, there is a need to mobilize communities on PMTCT of HIV. Education programmes in HIV should emphasize behavior change interventions and should focus on both men and women and significant others. There is also need to intensify monitoring and evaluation of health workers’ activities to ensure that beliefs translate into positive behavior.

Determining factors for carotid mean/max intima-media thickness and brachial flow-mediated dilation in healthy young women

Background: Many factors can contribute to atherosclerotic-type vascular changes in older individuals or men. Thus, confining the investigation to young women with no clinical evidence of the condition could enhance understanding of the early stages of cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to determine whether carotid mean/max intima-media thickness (IMT) and brachial flow-mediated dilation (FMD) values, which are well-known event-related indices, are associated with laboratory data and the other vascular indices of atherosclerosis in healthy young women. Methods: Carotid mean/max IMT and brachial FMD were measured in young women with no clinical evidence of atherosclerosis (n = 110;mean age, 39 years) who were instructed not to eat, drink or smoke after 9 PM the evening before testing. All participants also underwent laboratory assessment, including simultaneous measurements of arterial stiffness such as augmentation index (AI), cardioankle vascular index (CAVI) and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV). Results: Mean IMT was signifi-cantly and positively associated with age (p = 0.002), CAVI (p = 0.044), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C, p = 0.047) and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP, p = 0.002) values but was not related to FMD, AI, baPWV or triglycerides (TG) in the multivariate regression analysis. Similarly, max IMT was positively associated with age (p p = 0.003) and hs-CRP (p = 0.005) values but was not related to FMD, AI, CAVI, baPWV, TG or blood pressure level in the multivariate regression analysis. The association between LDL-C and max IMT was much stronger than that between LDL-C and mean IMT. Brachial FMD was positively associated only with heart rate in the multivariate regression analysis. Conclusions: These results suggest that mean IMT more closely represents the sclerotic aspect of vascular change, whereas max IMT represents the atherotic aspect in healthy young women. Although the relationship between the autonomic nervous system and heart rate is well-known, there may be a complex interaction between the autonomic nervous system and endothelial function.

Histo-Phenotypic Aspects of Breast Cancer in Women under 40 Years Old, in Yaoundé

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide, with an increasing incidence. Although it is rare and no much studied in young women, it represents 7% of cases worldwide and often appears more aggressive with a poor prognosis compared to its counterpart in older women. The main objective of our study was to describe the histological and phenotypic aspects of breast cancer in women of age under 40. Methodology: We conducted a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study, with retrospective collection of data over a period of 05 years. All women diagnosed with breast cancer were included and divided into 2 study groups: under 40 years old and over 40 years old. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23.0 software, compared using the Chi square or Fisher exact test. A p value Results: We retained 196 files, either 89 for those under 40 and 107 for those over 40. Young patients with breast cancer had a higher stage, grade and tumor size. Lymph node involvement was more observed in women under 40 years (69.6% vs 53.2%). Older women were more likely to be hormone receptor positive (54.2% vs 38.2%);p = 0.018. HER-2 overexpression was higher in women younger than 40 years (39.32% vs 25.23%);p = 0.080 with a high Ki67 proliferation index (30.3% versus 2.8%);p 0.001. Triple-negative and Her-2 tumors were much more frequent in young women (48.3% vs. 36.4%;p = 0.063) and (17.97% vs. 10.3%;p = 0.125). Conclusion: Breast cancer in young women remains more aggressive and is dominated by triple negative and Her-2 phenotypes.

Study of Coping-competence among Unmarried Pregnant Young Women in Three Big Cites in China

Objective To identify the coping-competence among unmarried pregnant young women. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in the setting of clinics-based. A total of 1 391 unmarried young women were recruited as the sample in Youth Clinics of 3 maternal care hospitals in Beijing, Jinan, and Guangzhou respectively in China. ＂Behavioral Attributes of Psychosocial Competence Scale-Condensed Form＂ was administered to identify the coping-competence of these women. All these women were aged 10-24 years old and were divided into three groups based on whether or not they had sex and pregnancy. The three groups were named as follows： pregnancy group with young women having had both sex and pregnancy, sex group with young women having had only sex but not pregnancy, and non-sex group with young women having no sex experience. Results Among the adolescents aged 10-19 years old, the coping-competence was different among the three groups （P=O.050）. Compared with the pregnancy group, the non-sex group were more inclined to active coping （P=0.026）. Among all the pregnant women aged 10-24 years old, the coping-competence was various by region （P〈0.001）： the women in Jinan were more inclined to active coping than the women in another two cites （P=0.009, P〈0.001）, and there was no difference between the women from Beijing and Guangzhou （P=0.324）. Conclusion This is the first study of coping among unmarried pregnant young women in China. The results supported the point of view that the pregnant adolescents were more inclined to passive coping, and the coping had regional differences.

Chinese expert consensus on fertility-preserving treatment for young women with early stage well differentiated endometrial cancer

For young women with early stage well differentiated endometrial cancer who have fertility desire,it is import to give comprehensive assessment before initiation of conservative treatment.Progestin based therapy with regular assessment of treatment efficacy can achieve a promising outcome.After complete remission patients are suggested with assisted reproductive technology or maintenance therapy depending on their immediate pregnancy plan.Hysterectomy is recommended for patients who have finished reproduction while re-treatment for recurrent cases should be carefully informed.

Factors associated with changes in uptake of HIV testing among young women (aged 15–24) in Tanzania from 2003 to 2012

Background:This study explored the factors associated with changes in HIV testing uptake among young women in Tanzania,based on an analysis of data from the 2003–2004 Tanzania HIV/AIDS Indicator Survey,and the 2007–2008 and 2011–2012 Tanzania HIV/AIDS and Malaria Indicator Surveys.Methods:The study population consisted of young women aged 15–24 years at the time of the survey.Multivariate decomposition analysis was used to assess factors associated with changes in HIV testing uptake between the 2003–2004 and 2007–2008 surveys,and between the 2007–2008 and 2011–2012 surveys.Results:HIV testing uptake among the study population was 7%in 2003–2004,31%in 2007–2008 and 40%in 2011–2012.The time period of the survey had a substantial effect on the uptake of HIV testing independent of other covariates.The characteristics that were significantly associated with a higher chance of HIV testing uptake across the surveys were age(20–24),education level(primary and secondary),ever being married,having at least one lifetime sexual partner,having a sexually transmitted infection or associated symptoms,and receiving antenatal care.Conclusions:Changes in the study participants’characteristics in the 2003–2004 survey compared with the 2007–2008 survey were associated with a decrease in HIV testing uptake.Comparing the 2007–2008 survey with the 2011–2012 survey shows that the changes in the participants’characteristics contributed to 22%of the changes in HIV testing uptake,while 78%of the changes were attributed to coefficients.

Young Women Perform Dawazi

IN November of last year, the 5th National Games of Nationalities’ Traditional Sports was held at the Yunnan Institute for Nationalities. The performance by the dawazi delegation from the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region was a high point in the festivities. Dawazi means tightrope walking in Uygur, and has a history of 2,000 years. The audience cheered the

Two Young Women Across China

On March 8, 1995, Wu Qi and Pu Yuyan headed out from Guangzhou with a plan to travel all across China. During the 1,277 days from March 8, 1995 to August 8, 1998, they left their footprints in the 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities of the mainland as well as Hong Kong and Macao, with Taiwan the only exclusion From Mohe, Heilongjiang in the far north to Sanya, Hainan in the far south. From Fuyuan, Heilongjiang in the east to Xinjiang's Tuergate Port in the extreme west. The whole route w...

Today's Young Women's Christian Association of China

THE Young Women’s Christian Association of China, founded in 1890, has experienced many changes through the years. While the China of today has opened her gates and astonished the world with a speedy development and reform, how does the YWCA fit into this quickly changing climate?

The Young Women of TEDA

IN his report to the United States State Department after he returned from a survey of the city of Tianjin, Dr. George Lee, the American Trade Councillor to China, said, "The Tianjin Economic Development Area (TEDA) has probably the most suitable investment environment in China. My deepest impression of TEDA is that the administrative officers are young and enlightened. Their slogan is: ’The investors are the sovereign and the project is the lifeline.’ For Americans interested in investing in China, we suggest that they pay a visit to TEDA."