Influence of yttrium element on the corrosion behaviors of Mg-Y binary magnesium alloy

The influence of yttrium on the corrosion behavior of Mg–Y alloys has been investigated by electrochemical measurements,scanning electron microscope(SEM)observation,X-ray diffraction(XRD),and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)analysis in NaCl solution.The corrosion resistance decreased with increasing Y content due to increasing Y-rich zone.The solid-dissolved Y improved the chemical activity of the substrate which promoted the corrosion reaction by forming Y2O3.The corrosion resistance was improved by increasing the Y concentration of matrix and proper net Y-rich structure.The sample has the best corrosion resistance when all the Y element was dissolved into the matrix of Mg–5Y in 0.1 M NaCl.

Anomaly and geochemistry of rare earth elements and yttrium in the late Permian coal from the Moxinpo mine,Chongqing,southwestern China

The rare earth elements and yttrium(REY)of the K2 coal from the Moxinpo mine,Chongqing,were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS).The results show that REY are enriched in the K2 coal,with the average content up to 462 lg/g,much higher than average values of most coals in the world.The REY distribution patterns indicate that the light REY is enriched and show a well-pronounced Eu minimum.The fractionation of individual light-REY is higher than that of the heavy-REY.The REY distribution through the K2 coal seam shows that the top and bottom portion of the coal seam have a lower content of REY than the middle portion.Goyazite and rhabdophane were identified with a scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy-dispersed X-ray spectrometer(SEM-EDX).The REY distributions through the coal seam,SEM-EDX data and the correlation analysis between ash yields and the concentrations have revealed that the REY mainly occurs in the organic matter.The K2 coal is a potential rare-metal resource due to its high REY contents,and the coal ash could be regarded as a new and promising raw material for recovery of REY as a by-product.

Rare earth elements and yttrium in ferromanganese deposits from the South China Sea:distribution,composition and resource considerations

Ferromanganese nodules and crusts contain relatively high concentration of rare earth elements（REE） and yttrium（REY）,with a growing interest in exploitation as an alternative to land-based REY resources.On the basis of comprehensive geochemical approach,the abundance and distribution of REY in the ferromanganese nodules from the South China Sea are analyzed.The results indicate that the REY contents in ferromanganese deposits show a clear geographic regularity.Total REY contents range from 69.1×10^-6 to 2 919.4×10^-6,with an average value of 1 459.5×10^-6.Especially,the enrichment rate of Ce content is high,accounting for almost 60% of the total REY.This REE enrichment is controlled mainly by the sorption of ferromanganese oxides and clay minerals in the nodules and crusts.Moreover,the total REY are higher in ferromanganese deposits of hydrogenous origin than of diagenetic origin.Finally,Light REE（LREE） and heavy REE（HREE） oxides of the ferromanganese deposits in the study area can be classified into four grades： non-enriched type,weakly enriched type,enriched type,and extremely enriched type.According to the classification criteria of rare earth resources,the Xisha and Zhongsha platform-central deep basin areas show a great potential for these rare earth metals.

Rare Earth Elements and Yttrium(REY) Geochemistry of Reefal Limestones in the Ordovician, Tarim Basin, NW China and their Paleoenvironment Implications

This study examines the rare earth elements and yttrium(REY)concentrations of twenty-five samples from the reef outcrop exposed along the Lianglitage Mountain in the Ordovician,Tarim Basin in China.The concentration analysis provides constraints on the paleoenvironment during reef deposition.Based on the detailed sedimentology and petrographic work,we divide the reef facies into four sub-facies:the base facies,reef-core facies,reef-flank facies,and sealing facies.The geochemical data(such as major and trace elements,carbon and oxygen isotopes,and REYs)are further used to study the coeval seawater characteristics as well as potential diagenesis overprints.The result indicated that the diagenesis has little effect on the REY patterns of the reefal limestones.The REY concentrations of the reefal limestones are overall low(ranging from 3.69 to 19.60 ppm,arithmetic mean=10.22 ppm,SD=5.4).The PAAS-normalized REY patterns are consistently flat compared to the typical well-oxidized,shallow marine water patterns.However,the light REE(LREE)depletions,positive La anomalies,negative Ce anomalies and positive Y anomalies,suggest that these reefal limestones are likely an indicative of contemporaneous seawater REY signals.The seawater-like Y/Ho ratios(average at 37.51)further support that REY signals in these limestones are likely a reflection of seawater with little diagenetic modifications.The low Y/Ho ratios presented only in the reef-flank facies and sealing facies are likely a suggestion of detrital contamination.Hence,this study confirms that REY patterns of the limestones at the base facies and reef-core facies can record ancient seawater information,and reefs can be used as a potential geochemical proxy for paleoenvironment studies throughout the Earth’s history.

Determination of Trace Impurities of Rare Earth Elements in High Purity Yttrium Oxide by ICPMS

Determination of trace rare earth elements(REEs)in 99. 999% purity yttrium oxide using the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric technique (ICPMS) has been developed. Instrumental parameters and factors affecitng analytical results have been studied and then optimized.Samples are analyzed directly following an acid digestion without separation or preconcentration and with limit of detection of 0. 003～0. 02 ng/ml, precision of ±5. 4%(cofficient of variation)and recovery of 90～115%. Correction for isobaric interferences from oxide ions and hydroxide ions is made mathematically. Special internal standard procedures are used to compensate drift in metal:metal oxide ratios and sensitivity. The analytical results of several samples are accurate as compared with inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICPAES) and spark source mass spectrometry (SSMS).

海洋磷酸盐对稀土元素的超常富集作用

通过对西太平洋富稀土深海沉积物研究进一步证实,深海沉积物中稀土元素(REY)的富集与P和Ca密切相关,并与生物磷灰石的发育成正比。西太平洋研究区稀土赋存载体之间的定量关系可表达为:∑REY=0.002×[Al_(2)O_(3)]+0.004×[MnO]+0.057×[P_(2)O_(5)]-235.7(单位为μg/g)。

云南普阳煤矿新近系褐煤中稀土元素的赋存状态

目前对于褐煤中稀土元素(REY)赋存状态的研究还存在较多疑问,主要体现在两个方面:一是褐煤中REY究竟主要赋存于有机质中还是矿物质中?二是褐煤含有较多容易受到酸溶干扰的含氧官能团,在逐级化学提取实验过程中,高比例HCl提取相中的REY究竟来自于碳酸盐、磷酸盐、单硫化物等矿物还是来自于有机质?着眼于此,本文在逐级化学提取这一常规元素赋存状态研究方法的基础上,结合密度分离实验、红外光谱(FTIR)等手段,对普阳煤矿新近系褐煤中REY的赋存状态进行了系统研究。研究结果表明,普阳煤矿M2和M3煤层为极低—中灰、中高—高挥发分、中硫分褐煤,其组成矿物主要为石英、方解石、高岭石、黄铁矿。M2和M3煤层中常量元素以Al和Si为主,其REY配分模式主要为L型和N型,其中M2煤层中REY轻度富集。逐级化学提取实验结果显示M2和M3煤层中的REY主要被HCl浸取,其次被HNO3浸取,同时还有部分REY保留在残渣中,HF对煤中REY的提取率很低(一般<10%)。密度分离实验结果表明REY主要赋存于低密度组分中。红外光谱分析结果显示煤样品经HCl处理后,酚羟基、羟基等含氧官能团增多,可能是经HCl浸取后样品中与酚羟基、羟基点位结合的REY被浸出迁移所致。综合来看,普阳煤矿M2和M3煤层中的REY主要赋存于有机质中,少量赋存于硅酸盐矿物中,碳酸盐、磷酸盐、单硫化物和双硫化物也可能是部分REY的赋存载体。逐级化学提取实验过程中HCl所提取的异常高比例的REY可能主要来自于有机质。

稀土Y对激光熔覆Inconel 625合金抗高温氧化和热腐蚀性能影响

目的分析稀土Y添加对激光熔覆Inconel 625组织和性能的影响规律,为严苛服役环境条件下的改性Inconel 625合金设计和制备提供借鉴。方法采用真空气雾化工艺,制备含有0.1%(质量分数)Y的IN625-Y粉末,并使用激光熔覆工艺分别制备了IN625和IN625-Y的熔覆试样。对比研究二者在组织和力学性能上的差异,分析稀土Y添加对激光熔覆IN625试样表面氧化膜组成、抗高温氧化、模拟烟气及熔盐热腐蚀性能变化趋势的影响。结果IN625合金和IN625-Y试样的显微组织主要由灰色富含Ni和Cr的γ-Ni基体相和枝晶组成,而IN625-Y试样晶粒组织更为细小,且有少量Laves相析出。IN625-Y和IN625试样的显微硬度分别为(268.8±3.1)HV0.3和(265.2±3.2)HV0.3,屈服强度、抗拉强度和延伸率分别从(430.1±20.8)、(753.2±19.1)MPa和(37.6±3.4)%,提升到(433.8±21.8)、(774.8±10.4)MPa和(39.2±1.1)%。激光熔覆IN625-Y试样的高温氧化增重和气氛熔盐条件下的热腐蚀增重速率均小于未添加稀土Y的IN625试样。结论基于稀土Y添加对IN625熔覆组织的晶粒细化和洁净化作用,添加稀土Y能整体提升IN625试样的力学性能。激光熔覆IN625-Y试样表面能形成致密且稳定的Cr_(2)O_(3)氧化膜,具有更强的抗高温氧化性能,能更好地抵御SO_(2)气体及NaCl/Na_(2)SO_(4)熔盐的热腐蚀。

Effect of Lanthanum and Yttrium on Microstructures of Cu-Cr alloys

Microstructures of Cu-based alloys (including CuO.8CrO.05La, CuO.8CrO.lLa, CuO.8CrO.4La, CuO.8CrO.05Y, CuO.8CrO.lY and CuO.8CrO.4Y) were studied by optical microscope, X-ray diffractometer, Scanning electron microscope and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The results show that La and Y refine the grains and change the distribution of microstructures of Cu-Cr alloys. The sizes of Cr particles are smaller in CuCrRE alloys than in CuCr alloy. In CuCrLa and CuCrY alloys, La and Y usually respectively exist as compounds of CugLa and Cu5Y. These compounds distribute in the grains with sphere shape and on the grain-boundaries with slice shape.

Neurobehavioral Assessment of Rats Exposed to Yttrium Nitrate during Development

Objective The aim of this study was to assess the effects of yttrium nitrate on neurobehaviora development in Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods Dams were orally exposed to 0, 5, 15, or 45 mg/kg daily of yttrium nitrate from gestation day （GD） 6 to postnatal day （PND） 21. Body weight and food consumption were monitored weekly. Neurobehavior was assessed by developmental landmarks and reflexes, motor activity, hot plate, Rota-rod and cognitive tests. Additionally, brain weights were measured on PND 21 and 70. Results No significant difference was noted among all groups for maternal body weight and food consumption. All yttrium-exposed offspring showed an increase in body weight on PND 21; however, no significant difference in body weight for exposed pups versus controls was observed 2 weeks or more after the yttrium solution was discontinued. The groups given 5 mg/kg daily decreased significantly in the duration of female forelime grip strength and ambulation on PND 13. There was no significant difference between yttrium-exposed offspring and controls with respect to other behavioral ontogeny parameters and postnatal behavioral test results. Conclusion Exposure of rats to yttrium nitrate in concentrations up to 45 mg/kg daily had no adverse effects on their neurobehavioral development.

Effect of Low Concentration of Yttrium on Physiological Characteristics of Cucumber (Cucumis Sativus L.)

There is no doubt that rare earth elements stand an important position among the essential elements of plant growth and it is long time since they are first used as plant growth promoters. Given their effects on microstructure, most reports are focused on the toxicology rather than promotion. Using cucumis sativus L. (Jin Chun No.5) as experiment material, we try to find out the nutritional effects of low Y3+ concentrations on cucumber seedlings′ leaves. The present paper suggests that the rare earth elements act as micronutrients at low concentrations while they give rise to toxicity at high concentration. Benefits defeat toxicity with concentration ranging from 5 to 25 μmol·L-1. Through careful study, at the Y(NO3)3 concentration of 10 μmol·L-1 the content of chlorophyll as well as the activities of SOD, Cu-Zn SOD and the POD are the highest. It indicates 10 μmol·L-1 is the optimum concentration of yttrium for promoting the cucumber growth.

Effect of RE element Y on properties of Ti(C, N)-based cermet

The effect of RE element Y on the microstructure and properties of Ti(C,N)-based cermet has been investigated. Yttrium can refine the particles of carbide phase because itcan purify the interface between binder phase and carbide phase, and increase the thickness of rimphase slightly. The effect is in the most evidence when the mass fraction of Y is 0.8 percent andwhen the transverse rapture strength and the hardness of Ti(C, N)-based cermet are maximal.

稀土钇的开发及应用

稀土钇由于具有优异的物理化学性能,成为世界各国工业生产的重要添加剂,在各个应用领域尤其是晶体发光材料方面得到了大规模应用。我国是世界稀土钇资源出口大国,然而在工业生产上对稀土钇的加工使用率却仍处于较低水平,如何开发与利用稀土钇资源逐渐成为我国工业化道路上的一个巨大难题。本文针对稀土钇在相关产业中的研究现状,重点阐述了Y/Y2O3材料在发光晶体、冶金、超导、生物医疗等领域的主要应用,期望能对我国钇资源的设计开发提供帮助。

Geochemistry of rare earth elements and yttrium in Late Permian coals from the Zhongliangshan coalfield, southwestern China

Rare earth elements and yttrium(REY)in coal deposits are considered promising alternative sources for these resources owing to their increasing global demand.This paper reports the geochemical characteristics of REY in the Late Permian coals from an underground K1a seam section of the Zhongliangshan coalfield in Chongqing,southwestern China.The mineralogy,degree of enrichment,distribution patterns,modes of occurrence,and sediment origin of REY were investigated.Compared with the average of world coals,the concentration of REY in the K1a coals were normal,dominated by light REY(LREY),with less medium and heavy REY(MREY,HREY).The fractionation degree of the MREY and HREY are higher than that of LREY in most K1a coal samples,deduced from the mixed enrichment type of REY,mainly including M-H-type,and a few L-M type and H-type.In addition,the combination of anomalies of Ce,Eu,Gd,and Al_(2)O_(3)/TiO_(2) parameters,the terrigenous materials in the K1a coal were derived from the felsic-intermediate rocks at the top of the Emeishan basalt sequence,and the samples were affected by seawater intrusion during early peat accumulation.Although the minerals primarily consist of kaolinite,illite,pyrite,and small amounts of quartz,calcite and anatase,REY are correlated with ash yield,SiO2,and Al_(2)O_(3),revealing that the REY mainly occur in aluminosilicate minerals,especially kaolinite and illite.Meanwhile,REY positively relate to P_(2)O_(5) and Zr,which may exist in phosphate-containing minerals or zircon.Furthermore,most samples in the K1a coal or ash do not reach the cut-off grade for the beneficial recovery of REY.With the exception of central Guizhou,southwestern Chongqing,and the junction of western Guizhou and northeastern Yunnan,the REY content in coals from southwestern China are high,and its by-products are suitable as potential REY sources.

热力耦合对电弧离子镀NiCoCrAlYHf涂层/镍基单晶高温合金界面组织结构的影响

高温合金在高温服役时会受到温度和应力的共同作用,其界面组织结构的变化必然与单一热场下不同。采用电弧离子镀技术在镍基单晶高温合金表面制备NiCoCrAlYHf涂层,利用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、电子探针(EPMA)等方法研究了涂层与基体在不同温度、时间及应力的条件下由元素互扩散所引起的微观结构演变与各成分的分布。结果表明:在无加载的情况下,NiCoCrAlYHf涂层与单晶高温合金的界面在1050、1100及1150℃下均发生明显的元素互扩散现象,且随着热暴露温度的升高和时间的延长,互扩散区(IDZ)宽度增大;界面处的扩散元素以Al、Ni、Cr和Co为主,Al、Ni由基体向涂层扩散,Cr、Co由涂层向基体扩散,导致基体γ/γ′相失稳而析出拓扑密堆积相(TCP)。NiCoCrAlYHf涂层与单晶高温合金基体在热力耦合作用下具有与上述相似的元素互扩散现象,但应力抑制了界面元素的互扩散行为,互扩散区宽度明显减小,且不受实验范围内载荷大小(50、71和100 MPa)的影响。另外,应力场不会改变TCP相的形貌和成分富集,单一热暴露试样和热力耦合作用试样在互扩散区、二次反应区(SRZ)析出的块状及针状TCP相均为碳化钽和P相析出物。

稀土钇强化Al-Zn-Mg-Cu铝合金的组织特征

在熔炼过程中以铝钇中间合金形式加入Y元素,研究0～0.30%范围内不同Y加入量对铝合金铸态和均匀化处理后凝固组织的影响.金相显微和扫描电镜检测结果显示:当Y的加入量在0.25%时,铸态组织中晶粒细化效果明显,晶粒度由基体的60～70μm下降到40～50μm,二次枝晶间距减小,晶界处的主要平衡相是T(AlZnMgCu)相和含Y相.经过450℃,12h的均匀化处理后,晶界不再粗大、连续,析出物呈点链状或长条状.对于0.25%Y-7055合金,晶界中析出相不再明显,晶界、晶内可见2～3μm的含Y相Al3Y和Al2Y,加Y后的合金组织材料性能得到改善.

稀土元素钇对子代小鼠体内痕量元素的影响

探讨了稀土元素Y的长期摄入对子代小鼠脑、内脏组织中某些痕量元素及脑中Y含量的影响 ,以期为稀土生物效应的研究提供新的思路和数据。通过在饮水中加入稀土Y(0、2 3 2 5和 2 32 5 0 0mg L)使小白鼠长期摄入稀土 ,7个月后用ICP MS法和原子荧光法测定F1子代小鼠脑组织中微量元素Cu、Cd、Pb和Y以及脑、肝、脾、肾中Se的含量。结果显示 ,F1子代小鼠高浓度稀土负载组脑组织中稀土Y含量、脾脏中Se含量显著增加 (P <0 0 5 ) ;肝、肾中Se也有增加趋势 ,但无显著差异 ;脑组织中Cu、Cd、Pb并无明显变化 ;低浓度稀土负载组脾脏中Se含量显著增加 (P <0 0 5 )。提示稀土钇可进入幼鼠脑组织中 ;稀土的长期摄入不会增加Cd、Pb等有害元素的摄入和吸收 ;

稀土钇及其应用现状

介绍了稀土钇在相关产业领域中的应用情况,并提出进一步拓宽其在基础行业、环境保护与高新技术等领域中的应用等参考建议。

高分辨电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定地球化学样品中钪钇和稀土元素

建立了高分辨电感耦合等离子体质谱法(HR-ICP-MS)测定地球化学样品中钪、钇、镧、铈、镨、钕、钐、铕、钆、铽、镝、钬、铒、铥、镱和镥的分析方法。样品经氢氟酸-硝酸-硫酸-王水消解,试液直接用HR-ICP-MS测定钪、钇和14种稀土元素。用高分辨模式有效地避免了多原子离子及难熔氧化物离子对待测元素测定的干扰,为钪、钇和14种稀土元素选择了最佳的测定同位素和合适的分辨率;用地球化学标准物质制备的溶液优化仪器工作参数,确定了最佳的仪器测定条件。方法检出限(6σ)为0.003～0.013μg/g(稀释因子为1000),相对标准偏差(RSD,n=12)小于6%。方法经国家一级地球化学标准物质验证,测定值与标准值吻合。

稀土Y对A356铝合金微观组织和性能的影响

研究了稀土Y对A356铝合金微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,稀土Y是A356合金的一种优良变质剂,可以明显细化合金的微观组织。不仅使初生的α-Al由树枝晶转变为细小胞状晶和等轴晶,而且使块状的共晶硅转变为细小纤维状或颗粒状。加入0.3%的稀土Y,合金的力学性能最优,抗拉强度和伸长率分别提高了17.7%和60%。