Noninvasive Assessment of Cardiac Index with Transesophageal Echocardiography in Patients Undergoing Mitral Valve Replacement: A Comparison between Determinations at the Mitral Valve and the Ascending Aorta

Methods: Sixteen patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists status (ASA) II-III, age ≤ 70 yr, male or female, preoperatively NYHA II-III and EF ≥ 45%, scheduled for mitral valve replacement (MVR) were studied. Complete intravenous general anesthesia was used for induction and anesthesia maintenance. After anesthesia induction we put the TEE probe into the esophagus. The cardiac index was determined at three periods following MVR: T1 30 minutes later following cessation of bypass, T2 60 minutes after cessation of bypass, T3 90 minutes after cessation of bypass. Statistical analysis was made with the Bland and Altman method. Results: Ninety-six measurements were compared. The cardiac index values at the level of prosthesis mitral valve (CIMV) ranged from 1.3 to 5.5 L·min-1·m-2 (mean 2.6 ± 0.9). The Values of cardiac index at aortic valve (CIAA) ranged from 2.7 to8.8 L·min-1·m-2 (mean 4.9 ± 1.7). Bias was -2.3 L·min-1·m-2 and limits of agreement -5.6 to 1.0 L·min-1·m-2. Conclusion: During mitral valve replacement, doubtful correlations were observed between values of cardiac index at the mitral valve and the ascending aorta using TEE.

Effect of L-carnitine on Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis and Cardiac Function in Patients Undergoing Heart Valve Replacement Operation

Summary： The effects of L-carnitine, as an ingredient of cardioplegia solution, on cardiac function and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in patients undergoing heart valve replacement operation were investigated. Twenty-three cases undergoing heart valve replacement with cardiopulmonary bypass （CPB） were randomly allocated into two groups： L-carnitine group （n=12, 12 g/L L-carnitine was put in the ST. Thomas cardioplegia） and control group （n=11, identical to the L-carnitine group except that normal saline was administered instead of L-carnitine）. Serum cardial troponin I （cTnI） levels, the left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF）, and cardiac index （CI） were measured perioperatively. A bit of myocardial tissue obtained from right atria was taken before CPB and by the end of intracardiac procedure to undergo electron microscopy examination and estimate apoptosis by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling （TUNEL）. From the end of CPB to 3 days after operation, the serum levels of cTnI in the L-carnitine group was significantly lower than that in the control group （P〈0.05）. Heart color ultrasonogram showed that the CI index and LVEF at 7th day postoperatively in the L-carnitine group were significantly higher than in the control group （P〈0.05）. Compared to the control group, L-carnitine significantly alleviated the morphologic changes of cardiac muscle cells （electron microscopy examination） and decreased the amounts of apoptotic cardiac muscle cells （TUNEL）. Furthermore, the dosage of vasoactive drugs used after operation was significantly less in the L-carnitine group （P〈0.01）. It was concluded that L-carnitine cardioplegia solution could improve cardiac function in patients undergoing heart valve replacement operation and alleviate CPB-mediated apoptosis of cardiac muscle cells.

Echocardiographic Monitoring of Cardiac Parameters after Mitral Valve Replacement with the Preservation of Subvalvular Structures

TO date many monitoring techniques have been used to determine the efficacy of surgical cor-rection of mitral valve disease. The most com-mon non-invasive method in use is

Safety and effectiveness of neuromuscular electrical stimulation in cardiac surgery:A systematic review

BACKGROUND Lack of mobilization and prolonged stay in the intensive care unit(ICU)are major factors resulting in the development of ICU-acquired muscle weakness(ICUAW).ICUAW is a type of skeletal muscle dysfunction and a common complication of patients after cardiac surgery,and may be a risk factor for prolonged duration of mechanical ventilation,associated with a higher risk of readmission and higher mortality.Early mobilization in the ICU after cardiac surgery has been found to be low with a significant trend to increase over ICU stay and is also associated with a reduced duration of mechanical ventilation and ICU length of stay.Neuromuscular electrical stimulation(NMES)is an alternative modality of exercise in patients with muscle weakness.A major advantage of NMES is that it can be applied even in sedated patients in the ICU,a fact that might enhance early mobilization in these patients.AIM To evaluate safety,feasibility and effectiveness of NMES on functional capacity and muscle strength in patients before and after cardiac surgery.METHODS We performed a search on Pubmed,Physiotherapy Evidence Database(PEDro),Embase and CINAHL databases,selecting papers published between December 2012 and April 2023 and identified published randomized controlled trials(RCTs)that included implementation of NMES in patients before after cardiac surgery.RCTs were assessed for methodological rigor and risk of bias via the PEDro.The primary outcomes were safety and functional capacity and the secondary outcomes were muscle strength and function.RESULTS Ten studies were included in our systematic review,resulting in 703 participants.Almost half of them performed NMES and the other half were included in the control group,treated with usual care.Nine studies investigated patients after cardiac surgery and 1 study before cardiac surgery.Functional capacity was assessed in 8 studies via 6MWT or other indices,and improved only in 1 study before and in 1 after cardiac surgery.Nine studies explored the effects of NMES on muscle strength and function and,most of them,found increase of muscle strength and improvement in muscle function after NMES.NMES was safe in all studies without any significant complication.CONCLUSION NMES is safe,feasible and has beneficial effects on muscle strength and function in patients after cardiac surgery,but has no significant effect on functional capacity.

Survey on the Readiness for Hospital Discharge and Its Influencing Factors among Patients with Cardiac Valve Replacement

Background: There are about 200,000 patients in China who need to undergo valve replacement surgery each year. With the promotion and application of the Fast-Track Surgery concept and the increase in hospital bed turnover rate, the average hospital stay of patients undergoing CVR surgery has been significantly shortened, and thus the patients are still in the recovery stage rather than fully recovered when they are discharged from the hospital. Good preparation for discharge can improve patients’ post-discharge self-care ability, reduce the risk of re-admission, and save medical resources. Objective: To describe the status of readiness for hospital discharge among postoperative patients that have undergone CVR, and to explore its influencing factors. Methods: The general information questionnaire, the Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale and the Quality of discharge Teaching Scale were utilized to investigate 130 post-CVR patients admitted to the Cardiothoracic Surgery Department of a tertiary A-Class hospital in Guangzhou from July 2019 to October 2020. Results: The Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale was at a moderate level with a total score of 163.88 ± 39.082, while the Quality of Discharge Teaching Scale was also at a moderate level with a total score of 194.09 ± 40.643. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the quality of discharge guidance, gender, and occupation were the influencing factors of CVR patient’s readiness for hospital discharge. These three variables jointly explained 45.8% of the total variation. Conclusion: The level of CVR patients’ readiness for hospital discharge is at a moderate level, and the quality of discharge guidance positively affects patients’ readiness for discharge. Therefore, in clinical work, attention should be paid to patient discharge guidance. Personalized health education should be implemented to improve the quality of patient guidance.

Clinical results of tricuspid valve replacement—a 21-case report

Objective： To summarize the clinical experiences of 21 patients treated with tricuspid valve replacement （TVR） and investigate the surgical indications and methods. Methods： Data from 21 patients who underwent TVR from December 2002 to March 2009 were retrospectively collected and analyzed. The mean age was 48.86± 15.37 years （range： 20-72 years）. The underlying disease of the patients was classified as rheumatic （n = 10）, congenital （n = 8）, endocarditis （n = 2） or chest trauma （n = 1）. Previous cardiac surgery had been performed in 12 patients （57.14%）. Results： In-hospital death occurred in two patients （9.52%）. Postoperative morbidities included cardiac failure （n = 2）, bleeding related re-operation （n = 1）, and plural effusion （n = 2）. Conclusion： The early outcomes of TVR were acceptable. At the present time TVR can be performed through optimal perioperative management.

Patient selection for transcatheter aortic valve replacement:A combined clinical and multimodality imaging approach

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement(TAVR) has been validated as a new therapy for patients affected by severe symptomatic aortic stenosis who are not eligible for surgical intervention because of major contraindication or high operative risk. Patient selection for TAVR should be based not only on accurate assessment of aortic stenosis morphology, but also on several clinical and functional data. Multi-Imaging modalities should be preferred for assessing the anatomy and the dimensions of the aortic valve and annulus before TAVR. Ultrasounds represent the first line tool in evaluation of this patients giving detailed anatomic description of aortic valve complex and allowing estimating with enough reliability the hemodynamic entity of valvular stenosis. Angiography should be used to assess coronary involvement and plan a revascularization strategy before the implant. Multislice computed tomography play a central role as it can give anatomical details in order to choice the best fitting prosthesis, evaluate the morphology of the access path and detect other relevant comorbidities. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance and positron emission tomography are emergent modality helpful in aortic stenosis evaluation. The aim of this review is to give an overview onTAVR clinical and technical aspects essential for adequate selection.

Mixed Venous Oxygen Saturation during the Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement—A Prospective Cohort Study

Purpose: Patients scheduled to undergo the transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) are usually octogenarians with severe co-morbidities and an increased risk of surgery-associated complications. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of insufficient oxygen delivery as measured by mixed venous oxygen saturation (SvO2) via invasive continuous cardiopulmonary monitoring and the low cardiac output syndrome (LCOS) in patients undergoing the TAVR procedure. The second objective was to examine how these hemodynamic measurements would change during critical events, such as rapid ventricular pacing (RVP) during this procedure. Methods: This prospective, observational study, examined twenty patients undergoing TAVR under general anesthesia. Hemodynamic variables, SvO2 and the continuous cardiac output (CO) were assessed using pulmonary artery catheter (PAC) and a Vigilance? monitor. Insufficient oxygen delivery was defined as a SvO2 value under 58% and LCOS as a cardiac index (CI) under 2 L/min/m2. Total intravenous anesthesia and hemodynamic management protocol were standardized. RVP was induced twice during the procedure at a frequency of 180 - 200/min. Predefined clinical endpoints were assessed during the procedure and hemodynamic values were analyzed before and after twelve critical events. Results: The data of twenty patients with a mean age of 80 ± 4 years and EuroSCORE 18 ± 10 were analyzed. Fourteen (70%) of the TAVR procedures were performed transapically, the other six (30%) transfemorally. The SvO2 value under 58% (mean 54 ± 6) and the CI under 2 L/min/m2 (mean 1.6 ± 0.2) were detected in 60% of patients (n = 12) before the use of RVP. All of these patients received perioperative inotropic medication and required norepinephrine infusion for maintenance of adequate blood pressure. The SvO2, CO and CI were significantly decreased after the use of RVP (P 2 reverted rapidly to the same level as before the application of RVP (1 min), CO, and CI 10 min later. At the end of the operation SvO2 values were at same level as before RVP and CO and CI were higher than before RVP. Conclusion: A high incidence of insufficient oxygen delivery and low cardiac output syndrome were detected in patients undergoing TAVR procedures. Nonetheless, all hemodynamic values returned rather rapidly to the same level as before the use of the RVP and were at the optimal level at the end of the procedure. According to the current study, the most hemodynamically hazardous steps during TAVR are the use of RVP sequences, the induction of anesthesia and the initiation of surgery.

Minimally Invasive Aortic Valve Replacement with Partial Lower Sternotomy

Objectives: Due to recent spread of minimally invasive surgery, the demand for minimally invasive cardiac surgery (MICS) is increasing. We investigate the usefulness of minimally invasive aortic valve replacement (MICS-AVR) which was performed in our hospital. Methods: Of 63 consecutive patients undergone an isolated aortic valve replacement (AVR), 16 patients underwent MICS-AVR with partial lower sternotomy (M group) and 47 patients underwent AVR with median full sternotomy (C group). We compared the two groups in a retrospective study. Results: No significant difference was found in the surgical and perioperative-related factors between the two groups. However, the average of aortic cross-clamping time was longer, and intensive and high care unit stay was shorter in the M group. A tendency to decrease blood transfusion was observed in the M group. There was no hospital death in all patients. The mean follow-up period was 29 ± 15 months. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the survival rate, and the 5-year survival rates were 88.9% in the M group and 85.9% in the C group. Conclusion: It was suggested that the MICS-AVR could be safe and useful procedure in AVR.

Change in quality of life after transcatheter aortic valve implantation and aortic valve replacement surgery in Australian patients aged ≥ 75 years： the effects of EuroSCORE and patient operability

ObjectiveTo 决定到差别，在在 transcatheter 之间的生活(QOL ) 的通用质量，大动脉的阀门培植(TAVI ) 和病人们由 EuroSCORE 和心队操作性 assessment.MethodsA 解释了的外科的大动脉的阀门代替(AVR ) 与 EuroSCORE &#x0003e 146 个高风险的病人总计的程度；6 并且年老的 &#x02265；75 年经历了 TAVI (n = 80 ) 或大动脉的阀门代替(n = 66 ) 在 2010 年 2 月和 2013 年 7 月之间。75 个病人的一个总数也完成了外科手术前并且六项月 SF-12 QOL 措施。分析检验了事件主要病态，比较了在调整的组之间的六月 QOL 因为 EuroSCORE 和操作性，和临床上重要的 QOL 改进和 deterioration.ResultsThe AVR 的确定的率组织要求的更长的通风(&#x0003e；24 h )(TAVI 5.0% 对 AVR 20.6% ， P = 0.004 ) 并且红血房间的更多的单位[TAVI 0 (0-1 ) 对 AVR 2 (0-3 ) ， P = 0.01 ] 。新肾的失败在 TAVI 是更高的(TAVI 5.0% 对 AVR 0% ， P = 0.06 ) 。报导的 TAVI 病人显著地降低活力(P = 0.01 ) 由到 AVR 病人的比较，然而，这些调查结果在为操作性的调整以后不再是重要的。在里面两过程，临床上重要的 QOL 改进是普通的[范围25.0%(一般健康)-62.9%(物理角色)]而在 QOL 的恶化不太经常发生了[范围9.3%(物理角色)-33.3%(心理健康)]在 QOL 的 .ConclusionsClinically 重要的改进和恶化在在高风险的六个月是明显的老大动脉的阀门代替病人。一旦操作性被考虑，全面 QOL 没在 TAVI 和 AVR 之间不同。

The Structural Impact of Aortic Valve Replacement on Mitral Regurgitation

Background: Structural changes to the mitral annulus occur following aortic valve replacement (AVR) for severe aortic stenosis which may influence functional mitral regurgitation (MR). Methods: A retrospective review of 44 patients who underwent open AVR for aortic stenosis at a single center from 2010-2013 was performed. Patients undergoing concomitant aortic root surgery or with severe MR were excluded. MR was evaluated with preoperative and postoperative transthoracic echocardiograms. Univariate and multivariable analyses were performed to assess for factors associated with postoperative MR improvement and worsening. Results: Prior to AVR, none had severe MR, 5% (2 patients) had moderate, 9% (4 patients) mild-to-moderate, 46% (20 patients) mild, and 23% (9 patients) trace MR. Of patients with pre-operative MR, 44% (16 patients) experienced improvement of MR. Six patients had worsening of MR and the remaining 22 patients had no change. Cases of more severe MR were more likely to improve compared with mild or trace MR (P = 0.04). MR worsening was significantly more likely in patients with bicuspid aortic valves (83% vs. 24%;P = 0.004), and with larger aortic annulus diameters (P = 0.03). MR worsening was less frequent in cases of mitral annular calcification (0% vs 42%;P = 0.04) and left atrial enlargement (17% vs 65%;P = 0.03). Logistic regression analysis revealed negative predictors for MR improvement were mitral annular calcification (P = 0.04) and larger aortic annulus diastolic diameter (P = 0.05). Conclusion: Structural factors such as aortic annular size, mitral annular calcification and valve morphology may impact MR following AVR and should be investigated further as potential targets of surgical therapy.

丙泊酚镇静体外循环下心脏瓣膜置换术后谵妄发生的影响因素分析

目的探讨丙泊酚镇静体外循环(CPB)下心脏瓣膜置换术后谵妄发生的影响因素。方法选择2020年1月至2022年12月于南阳市中心医院行CPB下心脏瓣膜置换术患者152例为研究对象,依据丙泊酚镇静深度将患者分为观察A组[50≤脑电双频指数(BIS)<60]和观察B组(35≤BIS<45),每组76例。收集患者的年龄、性别、体质量指数(BMI)、糖尿病、高血压、冠状动脉性心脏病、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、睡眠障碍、营养障碍、焦虑、抑郁、吸烟史、饮酒史、术前心功能不全、术中低氧血症、术中低蛋白血症、术后急性肾损伤、二次插管、大量输血、过度疼痛、术后左心室射血分数(LVEF)、手术方式、CPB时间等临床资料,采用重症监护病房(ICU)患者意识模糊评估法(CAM-ICU)评估患者术后谵妄发生情况。比较观察A组和观察B组患者术后谵妄发生情况;应用单因素和多因素logistic回归分析术后谵妄发生的影响因素。结果152例心脏瓣膜置换术患者有36例发生术后谵妄,发生率为23.68%。观察A组和观察B组患者术后谵妄发生率分别为38.16%(29/76)、9.21%(7/76),观察A组患者术后谵妄发生率显著高于观察B组(χ^(2)=17.617,P<0.05)。性别、BMI、合并糖尿病、合并高血压、合并冠状动脉性心脏病、合并认知障碍、合并睡眠障碍、合并营养障碍、合并焦虑、合并抑郁、吸烟史、饮酒史、术中低氧血症、术中低蛋白血症、术后急性肾损伤、二次插管、大量输血、手术方式与患者术后谵妄发生无关(P>0.05);年龄、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、术前心功能不全、过度疼痛、术后LVEF、CPB时间与患者术后谵妄发生相关(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,年龄≥60岁、术前心功能不全、过度疼痛、CPB时间≥100 min是患者术后谵妄发生的危险因素(P<0.05),术后LVEF≥50%、丙泊酚镇静深度35≤BIS<45是患者术后谵妄发生的保护因素(P<0.05)。结论丙泊酚镇静深度为35≤BIS<45、术后LVEF≥50%可有效降低患者CPB下心脏瓣膜置换术后谵妄的发生风险,年龄≥60岁、术前心功能不全、过度疼痛、CPB时间≥100 min会增加患者术后谵妄的发生风险。

胸肋间筋膜阻滞对心脏瓣膜置换术后早期恢复质量的影响

目的探讨胸肋间筋膜阻滞(PIFB)对心脏瓣膜置换术后早期恢复质量的影响。方法选择择期行正中切口心脏瓣膜置换术患者80例,男45例,女35例,年龄44~75岁,BMI 18~30 kg/m 2,ASAⅡ或Ⅲ级,随机分为两组:全麻联合PIFB组(P组)和全麻组(C组),每组40例。P组麻醉诱导后行双侧胸肋间筋膜平面阻滞,C组不行神经阻滞,术后均使用舒芬太尼静脉自控镇痛。采用15项恢复质量评分量表(QoR-15)评价术前24 h、术后24、72 h恢复情况,记录诱导前、切皮时、锯胸骨时、关胸时、出手术室时的HR和MAP,拔管后4、8、12 h静息和活动(咳嗽)时VAS疼痛评分。记录术中和术后48 h内舒芬太尼用量、拔管时间、重症监护病房(ICU)停留时间、术后首次肛门排气时间、术后住院时间,术后恶心呕吐、低血压、呼吸抑制等不良反应的发生情况和住院期间死亡情况。结果与C组比较,P组术后24、72 h QoR-15评分明显升高(P<0.05),拔管后4、8、12 h静息和活动时VAS疼痛评分明显降低(P<0.05),术中和术后48 h内舒芬太尼用量明显减少(P<0.05),拔管时间、术后首次肛门排气时间、ICU停留时间明显缩短(P<0.05),术后恶心呕吐发生率明显降低(P<0.05)。两组不同时点HR和MAP、术后住院时间、住院期间死亡率差异无统计学意义。P组未发生神经阻滞相关并发症。结论PIFB可以降低正中切口心脏瓣膜置换手术患者术后疼痛,提高术后恢复质量,促进术后康复。

基于快速康复外科理念的四级早期活动对心脏瓣膜置换术后谵妄发生的预防

目的探讨基于快速康复外科理念的四级早期活动对预防心脏瓣膜置换术后谵妄发生的效果。方法选取新疆医科大学第一附属医院2020年11月至2022年7月拟行心脏瓣膜置换术治疗的患者100例进行研究。通过随机数字表法将其分为对照组和观察组,各50例。对照组接受常规护理措施,观察组在对照组基础上给予基于快速康复外科理念的四级早期活动。采用重症监护谵妄筛查量表评估两组术后7 d内谵妄发生情况;记录谵妄首次发生时间及持续时间;比较两组住院时间及机械通气时间。结果术后7 d内,对照组共发生谵妄26例,占比52%;观察组共发生谵妄16例,占比32%。观察组谵妄发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组谵妄首次发生时间、谵妄持续时间均短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组住院时间短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论基于快速康复外科理念的四级早期活动可减少心脏瓣膜置换术患者术后谵妄发生,缩短谵妄持续时间,减少谵妄相关不良事件的发生,缩短住院时间。

多元化康复护理在经导管主动脉瓣置换术风湿性心脏病患者中的应用效果

目的:观察多元化康复护理在经导管主动脉瓣置换术(TAVR)风湿性心脏病(RHD)患者中的应用效果。方法:回顾性分析2020年3月至2021年12月该院收治的106例RHD患者的临床资料,按照护理方法不同将其分为观察组与对照组各53例。对照组采用常规护理,观察组在对照组基础上采用多元化康复护理。比较两组护理前后心功能分级、生命质量[生活质量综合评定问卷-74(GQOLI-74)]评分、负性情绪[焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)]评分和护理满意度。结果:护理后,两组心功能分级均优于护理前,且观察组优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组心理功能、躯体功能、社会功能、物质生活等GQOLI-74评分均高于护理前,且观察组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组SAS、SDS评分均低于护理前,且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组护理满意度为96.23%(51/53),高于对照组的84.91%(45/53),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:在常规护理基础上采用多元化康复护理可提高经TAVR术RHD患者心功能分级、生命质量评分和护理满意度,降低负性情绪评分,其效果优于单纯常规护理。

经导管主动脉瓣置换术治疗重度主动脉瓣狭窄的临床效果观察

目的:探讨经导管主动脉瓣置换术治疗重度主动脉瓣狭窄的临床效果。方法:选取2019年2月—2022年9月南昌市第一医院收治的75例重度主动脉瓣狭窄患者,均接受经导管主动脉瓣置换术治疗。比较患者手术前后心功能指标、C1q/TNF相关蛋白3(C1q/TNF-related protein-3,CTRP-3)、Nod样受体热蛋白结构域相关蛋白3(NLRP3)和白细胞介素-18(IL-18)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、主要/次要终点事件发生率。结果:术后1个月,患者主动脉瓣平均跨瓣压差、主动脉峰值流速均低于术前,主动脉瓣瓣口面积、左室射血分数均高于术前,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);患者术前和术后1个月的左室质量指数、左室舒张末期内径比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后1个月,患者CRTP-3、NLRP3、IL-1β、IL-18均低于术前,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);75例患者中,8例发生主要/次要重点事件,发生率为10.67%。结论:经导管主动脉瓣置换术治疗重度主动脉瓣狭窄,有利于心功能恢复,减轻炎症反应,主要/次要重点事件发生率尚可接受,患者预后良好。

经导管主动脉瓣置换术患者居家心脏康复的最佳证据总结

目的提取、评价和整合经导管主动脉瓣置换术(transcatheter aortic valve replacement,TAVR)患者居家心脏康复管理相关证据,以期为TAVR患者居家心脏康复提供依据。方法全面检索国内外数据库、指南网站、心血管相关协会网站中与TAVR患者居家心脏康复相关的指南、专家共识、证据总结、临床决策、推荐实践、系统评价,检索时限均为建库至2023年11月1日。2名研究员独立评价文献质量,并提取证据、总结主题。结果共纳入16篇文献,其中专家共识5篇、指南7篇、临床决策4篇,从康复风险评估、居家健康教育、居家运动康复、风险因素管理、居家抗凝管理、居家并发症管理、居家随访管理7个方面汇总了26条最佳证据。结论康复团队可根据患者的病情和意愿,结合最佳证据,严格筛选参与居家康复的患者。重点开展抗凝管理、并发症管理及随访管理,以实现对瓣膜功能的动态监测,降低术后并发症的发生率,同时提高患者的康复依从性。

ABCDE集束化护理对心脏瓣膜置换术后患者谵妄和心功能的干预效果

目的观察分析ABCDE集束化护理措施对心脏瓣膜置换术患者术后谵妄和心功能的干预效果。方法选择医院2022年1—6月收治的心脏瓣膜置换术患者120例,按照组间基本特征具有可比性的原则将患者分成对照组与观察组,各60例。对照组接受常规护理,观察组接受ABCDE集束化护理。比较两组患者谵妄发生率、谵妄持续时间、机械通气时间、住院时间、心功能[左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVDD)、左心室收缩末期内径(LVSD)和舒张期室间隔厚度(IVST)]与生活质量[生活质量评估表(QOL)评分]。结果护理干预后观察组患者术后谵妄发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者谵妄持续时间、机械通气时间及住院时间短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。护理干预后,观察组患者LVEF值,QOL量表中躯体功能、自理能力、社会关系、心理状态评分高于对照组,而IVST、LVDD及LVSD值低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论心脏瓣膜置换术患者行ABCDE集束化护理能降低术后谵妄发生率,缩短康复时间,并可改善心功能,提升生活质量。

两种心脏停搏液在体外循环下单纯心脏瓣膜置换术中的心肌保护效果

目的:比较两种心脏停搏液在体外循环下单纯心脏瓣膜置换术中的心肌保护效果。方法:将2019年5月至2022年7月四川省人民医院收治的108例单纯心脏瓣膜置换术患者分为两组,A组53例,使用组氨酸-色氨酸-酮戊二酸(HTK)液;B组55例,使用含血St.Thomas液。比较两组体外循环术中情况如体外循环时间、主动脉阻断时间、灌注次数、心脏复跳时间、心脏自动复跳率,主动脉阻断前以及术后2、12、24、48、72 h时血清肌钙蛋白Ⅰ(cTnⅠ)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、脑钠肽(BNP)、心型脂肪酸结合蛋白(HFABP)、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平,转流过程中血K^(+)、Na^(+)浓度,手术前后心排量与心指数,术后24 h多巴胺的用量及并发症等。结果:A、B组体外循环时间、主动脉阻断时间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),A组灌注次数少于B组,心脏复跳时间短于B组,心脏自动复跳率高于B组(P<0.05);A组术后2、12、24、48 h时血清cTnⅠ、CK-MB、BNP、HFABP、MDA水平低于B组,SOD水平高于B组(P<0.05);A组转流中、转流后即刻血K^(+)、Na^(+)水平低于B组(P<0.05);A组术后12、24 h心排量与心指数高于B组(P<0.05);A组术后24 h多巴胺用量少于B组(P<0.05)。两组术后并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(13.2%vs 21.8%,P=0.240)。结论:相较于含血St.Thomas液,HTK液应用于体外循环下单纯心脏瓣膜置换术,心肌保护效果更佳。