Advancements in Time Modeling: Relationalism, Divisional Structures, and Geometry

This article broadens terminology and approaches that continue to advance time modelling within a relationalist framework. Time is modeled as a single dimension, flowing continuously through independent privileged points. Introduced as absolute point-time, abstract continuous time is a backdrop for concrete relational-based time that is finite and discrete, bound to the limits of a real-world system. We discuss how discrete signals at a point are used to temporally anchor zero-temporal points [t = 0] in linear time. Object-oriented temporal line elements, flanked by temporal point elements, have a proportional geometric identity quantifiable by a standard unit system and can be mapped on a natural number line. Durations, line elements, are divisible into ordered unit ratio elements using ancient timekeeping formulas. The divisional structure provides temporal classes for rotational (Rt24t) and orbital (Rt18) sample periods, as well as a more general temporal class (Rt12) applicable to either sample or frame periods. We introduce notation for additive cyclic counts of sample periods, including divisional units, for calendar-like formatting. For system modeling, unit structures with dihedral symmetry, group order, and numerical order are shown to be applicable to Euclidean modelling. We introduce new functions for bijective and non-bijective mapping, modular arithmetic for cyclic-based time counts, and a novel formula relating to a subgroup of Pythagorean triples, preserving dihedral n-polygon symmetries. This article presents a new approach to model time in a relationalistic framework.

Gearbox Fault Diagnosis using Adaptive Zero Phase Time-varying Filter Based on Multi-scale Chirplet Sparse Signal Decomposition

When used for separating multi-component non-stationary signals, the adaptive time-varying filter(ATF) based on multi-scale chirplet sparse signal decomposition(MCSSD) generates phase shift and signal distortion. To overcome this drawback, the zero phase filter is introduced to the mentioned filter, and a fault diagnosis method for speed-changing gearbox is proposed. Firstly, the gear meshing frequency of each gearbox is estimated by chirplet path pursuit. Then, according to the estimated gear meshing frequencies, an adaptive zero phase time-varying filter(AZPTF) is designed to filter the original signal. Finally, the basis for fault diagnosis is acquired by the envelope order analysis to the filtered signal. The signal consisting of two time-varying amplitude modulation and frequency modulation(AM-FM) signals is respectively analyzed by ATF and AZPTF based on MCSSD. The simulation results show the variances between the original signals and the filtered signals yielded by AZPTF based on MCSSD are 13.67 and 41.14, which are far less than variances (323.45 and 482.86) between the original signals and the filtered signals obtained by ATF based on MCSSD. The experiment results on the vibration signals of gearboxes indicate that the vibration signals of the two speed-changing gearboxes installed on one foundation bed can be separated by AZPTF effectively. Based on the demodulation information of the vibration signal of each gearbox, the fault diagnosis can be implemented. Both simulation and experiment examples prove that the proposed filter can extract a mono-component time-varying AM-FM signal from the multi-component time-varying AM-FM signal without distortion.

Decoupling Zeros of Positive Discrete-Time Linear Sys-tems

The notions of decoupling zeros of positive discrete-time linear systems are introduced. The relationships between the decoupling zeros of standard and positive discrete-time linear systems are analyzed. It is shown that: 1) if the positive system has decoupling zeros then the corresponding standard system has also decoupling zeros, 2) the positive system may not have decoupling zeros when the corresponding standard system has decoupling zeros, 3) the positive and standard systems have the same decoupling zeros if the rank of reachability (observability) matrix is equal to the number of linearly independent monomial columns (rows) and some additional assumptions are satisfied.

Polynomial Time Method for Solving Nash Equilibria of Zero-Sum Games

There are a few studies that focus on solution methods for finding a Nash equilibrium of zero-sum games. We discuss the use of Karmarkar’s interior point method to solve the Nash equilibrium problems of a zero-sum game, and prove that it is theoretically a polynomial time algorithm. We implement the Karmarkar method, and a preliminary computational result shows that it performs well for zero-sum games. We also mention an affine scaling method that would help us compute Nash equilibria of general zero-sum games effectively.

Infinite Freedom of Space-Time for Zero-Energy-Entity in Quantum Mechanics

Zero-energy state is investigated by taking infinitesimal energy and observing its uncertainty in space-time, adopting quantum mechanics. In this paper, the uncertainty in conventional quantum mechanics is found to be interpreted as freedom in space-time, which results in possibility of time travel and space transition of the zero-energy state, which could be information or mind. The wave function of a physical system composed of multiple particles or wave-packets is examined and found that it can be arbitrarily changed by grouping by observers. It leads to an idea that even infinitesimal energy or wave-packets in a heavy physical system may separately exist and it has the infinite freedom of space-time.

Event-Triggered Zero-Gradient-Sum Distributed Algorithm for Convex Optimization with Time-Varying Communication Delays and Switching Directed Topologies

Nowadays, distributed optimization algorithms are widely used in various complex networks. In order to expand the theory of distributed optimization algorithms in the direction of directed graph, the distributed convex optimization problem with time-varying delays and switching topologies in the case of directed graph topology is studied. The event-triggered communication mechanism is adopted, that is, the communication between agents is determined by the trigger conditions, and the information exchange is carried out only when the conditions are met. Compared with continuous communication, this greatly saves network resources and reduces communication cost. Using Lyapunov-Krasovskii function method and inequality analysis, a new sufficient condition is proposed to ensure that the agent state finally reaches the optimal state. The upper bound of the maximum allowable delay is given. In addition, Zeno behavior will be proved not to exist during the operation of the algorithm. Finally, a simulation example is given to illustrate the correctness of the results in this paper.

急诊零停顿与急危重症患者一体化救治体系建设探讨

急危重症患者的救治体系是保障人民生命健康的关键环节,本文立足科技赋能,基于胸痛、卒中、创伤、危重孕产妇、危重儿童和新生儿急诊急救五大中心建设,提出急诊零停顿管理目标,从信息管理技术一体化、移动CT和移动卒中单元应用、院前急救即时超声应用、复合手术室应用以及新型急救技术及创新手术团队应用等方面探讨实现急诊零停顿的技术与措施,以提升急危重症患者的救治能力。

宽增益高效率CLLLC变换器的变频双移相调制策略

在输入电压宽范围变化时,变频调制CLLLC变换器存在开关频率变化范围宽的问题,而移相调制CLLLC变换器难以实现宽范围零电压导通(ZVS)。为了实现宽输入电压CLLLC变换器的高效率,该文提出一种变频双移相调制方法。通过同时调节开关频率、一次侧全桥和二次侧全桥之间的移相角,拓宽CLLLC变换器的增益并提高其效率。采用时域分析法求解变频双移相调制CLLLC变换器的电压增益与谐振电感电流有效值,并分析频率以及移相角对电压增益和谐振电感电流有效值的影响。最后,通过搭建一台100~300 V输入、48 V/400 W输出的实验样机,验证了理论分析的正确性。

采用万向开关的马歇特锤击零时刻确定方法

针对电子时间引信马歇特锤击测试过程中信号检测时采用加速度传感器频繁故障问题,提出采用万向开关确定马歇特锤击零时刻。根据马歇特锤击试验条件选定了万向开关关键参数,并设计低通RC滤波电路,采用将万向开关固定于马歇特锤击头部位,锤击时通过模拟信号滤波电路模块对万向开关闭合信号进行滤波,并采用示波器或中断采集电路进行监测,实现锤击过载零时刻确定,为测试信号提供零时基准。实验测试结果表明,该方法能够有效测量电子时间引信起爆输出计时精度,其采用的硬件简单,工程可行性强,可靠性高,可完全替代加速度计产生零时刻的方案。

分布式守时架构下的高精度时间比对技术研究

为了实现分布式联合守时系统建立需求,设计了远程时间比对系统,包含卫星共视、卫星双向和光纤双向三种时间比对手段,系统内使用的国产化设备比对精度与进口设备相当,实现了实验室间多手段、高精度钟差测量。使用移动校准站完成了时间比对设备相对零值校准,在相距50 km的实验室间开展长达20天的时间比对,试验结果表明,三种比对手段测量得到两地钟差均值相差小于1 ns,变化趋势相同,变化幅度相近,均可以准确测量得到两地钟差。

一种双天线GNSS接收机混合干扰抑制方法

相对于单天线GNSS接收机,阵列GNSS接收机具有空间分辨能力,当干扰信号与卫星信号在时域频域上产生混叠时,其能够从空域上对干扰信号进行抑制,具有更强的干扰抑制能力。但阵列GNSS接收机相对于单天线GNSS接收机需要更多的阵元,随着阵元数目的增加,系统成本也相应的增加,限制了阵列GNSS接收机的应用范围。双天线GNSS接收机既具有空域抗干扰能力,同时又具有价格低廉的特点,是一种较好的折中选择。对于单一的连续波干扰,其能够产生很好的抑制效果,但是当连续波干扰中混有脉冲干扰时,由于受到自由度的限制,双天线GNSS接收机无法对混合干扰进行有效抑制,进而影响接收机的正常工作。针对于上述问题,本文提出一种新的混合干扰抑制算法。首先利用脉冲的时域特征,对待处理信号进行分块处理,确保至少有一个数据块中不含有脉冲干扰,随后对不含脉冲干扰的数据块,使用空时最小功率(Space-Time Adaptive Processing Power Inversion,STAP-PI)算法得到最优权值,然后利用该权值抑制原信号中的连续波干扰。最后,对处理之后信号中残余的脉冲干扰进行时域置零处理,从而达到抑制混合干扰的目的。仿真实验和实采实验结果均证明了所提算法的有效性。

集成LCC-S拓扑的二维全向无线电能传输系统无盲区能量捕获方法研究

针对二维全向无线电能传输技术存在空间磁场完整度与电流控制策略复杂度的竞争问题,该文提出一种集成LCC-S拓扑的二维全向无线电能传输系统无盲区能量捕获方法。该系统以二维正交线圈为电磁耦合机构,并将其集成于LCC-S型补偿拓扑。同时提出一种自调整参数设计方法,实现系统在二维空间内产生时均旋转磁场以及系统的零相角输入。通过场-路耦合有限元模型分析系统在二维空间内磁场分布情况,随时间峰值磁场强度矢量轨迹为圆形。搭建集成型二维全向无线电能传输的实验样机,实验结果表明,该系统实现单一电源驱动下无盲区的二维全向电磁能量捕获。

超、特高压交流线路反时限零序过流后备保护的整定建议

针对国家电网“六统一”线路保护装置,提出了超、特高压交流线路反时限零序过流保护的整定原则。反时限零序过流保护在保证灵敏性方面并无困难,整定原则的核心问题是解决选择性和速动性的矛盾。根据该保护的原理和逻辑提出了转折电流的概念以及接地距离保护与反时限零序过流保护的配合原则;充分考虑配合时间定值和最小时间定值对保护动作特性的影响,综合超、特高压电网实际短路电流水平和接地距离保护的过渡电阻耐受能力,将反时限零序过流保护低电流区的选择性与接地距离保护高电流区的选择性进行结合,提升了对接地故障全域电流范围的选择性切除能力;提出了方向元件投退原则。通过对某省级电网进行算例分析,验证了整定原则的有效性,该整定原则已经在实际电网中进行了应用。

引入电流有效值与相位突变量判据的零序反时限电流保护

针对大接地电流系统发生接地故障时,非故障线路零序反时限电流保护先于故障线路中零序电流较小一侧保护动作的问题,提出了引入零序电流有效值和相位突变量判据的零序反时限电流保护方案。首先,分析了单回线和双回线两种结构发生接地故障时,零序电流的分布特征与零序反时限电流保护的动作特性,指出相邻非故障线路零序电流可能大于故障线路零序电流,进而使零序反时限电流保护误动;随后,通过理论分析,得到故障线路中零序电流较大的一侧保护动作前后其余线路中零序电流有效值和方向的变化情况;最后,提出引入零序电流有效值和相位突变量判据的零序反时限电流保护方案,将非故障线路零序反时限电流保护重新计时。仿真结果表明:所提方案能够有效防止非故障线路零序反时限电流保护误动,从而提高了保护的选择性,且在经过渡接地时仍然适用。

Hossfeld模型在矿区地表动态沉降预测应用的可行性分析

采用时间模型进行沉降预测是目前煤矿区地表动态沉降预测方法之一,在分析典型时间模型存在时间零点问题的基础上,采用林木增长模型(即Hossfeld模型),结合水准观测数据和D-InSAR沉降数据,对Hossfeld模型在煤矿开采沉降盆地范围内单点和任意点沉降预测精度,以及模型参数的相关性进行了评价。研究结果表明:在联合水准数据单点沉降预测结果中,修正时间零点的Knothe模型和Usher模型精度高于未修正时间零点的Knothe模型和Usher模型;在RMSE<100 mm比例中,Hossfeld模型精度略低于修正时间零点的Usher模型,高于未修正时间零点的Usher模型,远高于修正时间零点和未修正时间零点的Knothe模型;在MAE<100 mm比例中,Hossfeld模型精度最高;在联合D-InSAR沉降数据矿区全盆地任意点动态沉降结果中,通过统计构建动态预计模型参数相关性,发现Hossfeld模型参数的相干性最强;进一步,通过计算Bland-Altman图表明Hossfeld模型结果与D-InSAR结果差别较小,并且在RMSE和MAE<20 mm误差范围内,Hossfeld模型精度比例最高。相对于Knothe模型和Usher模型而言,Hossfeld模型无需时间零点修正,并且获取较高精度的煤矿地表动态沉降预测结果。

高被引还是零被引:基于论文被引的最佳科研合作规模研究--来自Financial Times TOP 45商学院期刊的证据

近年来,科研论文的合著现象及其与论文影响力之间的关系受到广泛关注。本文以1997—2013年Financial Times TOP 45商学院国际期刊论文为研究对象,对作者数量与论文被引(高被引还是零被引)之间的关系进行实证研究,从论文影响力方面揭示商学领域是否存在最佳科研合作规模。研究发现:①与单独作者相比,多作者合作对论文总被引频次具有显著的正向影响,而且多作者合作论文成为高被引的概率更高,而成为零被引的概率更低;②作者数量与论文总被引频次之间存在显著的倒U形关系;进一步研究发现,作者数量与高被引论文概率呈倒U形关系,而与零被引论文概率呈正U形关系,且转折点均约为3人,表明商学领域存在使论文成为高被引而避免成为零被引的最佳合作规模;③分时间阶段实证结果表明,基于高被引和零被引的论文最佳合作规模逐步由2~3人增加至3~4人。

Transient Experiments on a Prototype Pump with an Atypical Open Impeller for Different Discharge Valve Openings

In order to obtain the transient characteristics of a low-speed centrifugal pump during the start-up and shutdown stages,dedicated experimental tests were conducted with eight different valve opening conditions.The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to reveal the linear correlation between variables.According to the results,the stable rotational speed decreases with increasing valve opening(rotational speed decreases from approximately 1472 to 1453 r/min),while the stable shaft power exhibits an increasing trend(shaft power increases from approximately 0.242 to 0.390 kW).The stable time and zeroing time of each parameter during start-up and shutdown processes vary,with the flow zeroing time significantly increasing with the relative flow,reaching up to 10.468 s,while the shaft power zeroing time is roughly between 1.219 and 1.375 s.The results demonstrate that with increasing valve opening,the stable and zeroing time of flow significantly increase(|r|greater than 0.95),while the stable and zeroing time of rotational speed,power,and head display a smaller sensitivity on the valve opening(|r|less than 0.6).

馈通效应下微机械陀螺仪标度因数特性分析

微机械陀螺仪可动质量块、衬底和电极间存在复杂的寄生电容,使得陀螺仪的反馈力电极与检测读出电极间存在馈通效应。为研究馈通效应对微机械陀螺仪标度因数特性的影响,首先基于理论模型分析了不同模态频差下,馈通效应对检测回路开环零点分布的影响,进而分析了存在馈通时模态频差对标度因数的影响。其次,建立了存在馈通时的力反馈仿真模型。最后设计了基于分时控制的馈通抑制方案,实验结果显示,无馈通抑制和有缓冲周期分时控制的标度因数最大变化量分别为70.2%和1.3%。仿真与实验结果均表明馈通效应越显著,标度因数随模态频差的变化幅度越大。

基于协同估计的三维多导弹博弈制导律

针对三维空间中多导弹协同拦截机动目标的挑战,基于广义零控脱靶量概念,提出一种新的多导弹协同博弈性能目标函数和分布式抗饱和扩张状态观测器。首先,建立一个三维多导弹拦截机动目标的非线性模型,并提出了一种精确的零控脱靶量计算方法。基于此方法,构建了多导弹协同拦截的博弈性能目标函数,并设计了基于信息融合理论的分布式抗饱和扩张状态观测器对机动目标的机动加速度进行协同估计。最后采用了哈里斯鹰粒子群优化算法来计算制导指令,旨在以最优的燃料消耗实现最优的拦截效果。通过对4种不同交战场景的仿真实验,验证了该协同博弈制导律的优越性和有效性。

面向时变复数的模糊归零神经网络算法

【目的】为了求解时变复数西尔维斯特方程(Sylvester equation),提出两种全新的复值模糊归零神经网络(fuzzy logic system for zeroing neural network, FLSVZNN)模型。【方法】首先,在两种复数归零神经网络(complex-valued zeroing neural network, CVZNN)模型的基础上,引入模糊逻辑系统(fuzzy logic system, FLS)来控制信号的处理,从而提出两种FLSVZNN模型;然后,利用李亚普诺夫定理(Lyapunov's theorem)来分析模型的稳定性和收敛速度;最后,通过仿真试验来进一步验证FLSVZNN的优越性能。【结果】在求解时变复数西尔维斯特方程时,相比传统的神经网络模型,使用改进的符号双幂(sign-bi-power, SBP)函数来激活的FLSVZNN模型具有更好的收敛性和稳定性,可使误差函数在0.3 s左右收敛至0。【结论】本研究提出的两种FLSVZNN模型能快速求解时变复数西尔维斯特方程,这可为神经网络模型的建立及工程应用提供参考。