INTERFACE BEHAVIOR AND DECAY RATES OF COMPRESSIBLE NAVIER-STOKES SYSTEM WITH DENSITY-DEPENDENT VISCOSITY AND A VACUUM

In this paper,we study the one-dimensional motion of viscous gas near a vacuum,with the gas connecting to a vacuum state with a jump in density.The interface behavior,the pointwise decay rates of the density function and the expanding rates of the interface are obtained with the viscosity coefficientμ(ρ)=ρ^(α)for any 0<α<1;this includes the timeweighted boundedness from below and above.The smoothness of the solution is discussed.Moreover,we construct a class of self-similar classical solutions which exhibit some interesting properties,such as optimal estimates.The present paper extends the results in[Luo T,Xin Z P,Yang T.SIAM J Math Anal,2000,31(6):1175-1191]to the jump boundary conditions case with density-dependent viscosity.

MINIMIZERS OF L^(2)-SUBCRITICAL VARIATIONAL PROBLEMS WITH SPATIALLY DECAYING NONLINEARITIES IN BOUNDED DOMAINS

This paper is concerned with the minimizers of L^(2)-subcritical constraint variar tional problems with spatially decaying nonlinearities in a bounded domain Ω of R~N(N≥1).We prove that the problem admits minimizers for any M> 0.Moreover,the limiting behavior of minimizers as M→∞ is also analyzed rigorously.

Decoding the fruit microbiome:A climate smart strategy to manage postharvest decays

There is an urgent necessity to shift our diets toward those rich in fruits and vegetables and at reduce postharvest losses of perishables.Approximately 20%-50%of fruits and vegetables are lost due to poor postharvest handling and pathogen infections in developing countries while it was estimated as 5%-35%in developed countries. Fresh fruits have evolved with a plethora of microorganisms having important roles in maintaining fruit health. However, little information is available on the dynamics, structure, and functional capacities of underpinning fruit microbiomes. The present review discussed environmental conditions favoring fruit-harbored antagonists and their different modes of action for suppressing postharvest pathogens in fruits. It also provides information on omics technologies such as next-generation sequencing (NGS),metaproteomics, metatranscriptomic, and metabolomics studies to characterize fruit microbiomes. With the advent of NGS and meta-omics technologies, microbiome research could bring remarkable development and understanding in succeeding biological treatments. In addition, they may provide us with a fundamental understanding of microclimate requirements for fruit microbiome establishment and microbiome shifts during post-harvest storage, which would be advantageous in developing composite biocontrol treatments for post-harvest decay management.

αDecay in extreme laser fields within a deformed Gamow-like model

In this study, the effect of extreme laser fields on the α decay process of ground-state even–even nuclei was investigated.Using the deformed Gamow-like model, we found that state-of-the-art lasers can cause a slight change in the α decay penetration probability of most nuclei. In addition, we studied the correlation between the rate of change of the α decay penetration probability and angle between the directions of the laser electric field and α particle emission for different nuclei. Based on this correlation, the average effect of extreme laser fields on the half-life of many nuclei with arbitrary α particle emission angles was calculated. The calculations show that the laser suppression and promotion effects on the α decay penetration probability of the nuclei population with completely random α particle-emission directions are not completely canceled.The remainder led to a change in the average penetration probability of the nuclei. Furthermore, the possibility of achieving a higher average rate of change by altering the spatial shape of the laser is explored. We conclude that circularly polarized lasers may be helpful in future experiments to achieve a more significant average rate of change of the α decay half-life of the nuclei population.

Structure and 2p decay mechanism of^(18)Mg

The recently discovered,extremely proton-rich nuclide 18 Mg exhibits ground-state decay via two sequential two-proton(2p)emissions through the intermediate nucleus,16Ne.This study investigates the structure and the initial 2p decay mechanism of^(18)Mgby examining the density and correlations of the valence protons using a three-body Gamow coupled-channel method.The results show that the ground state of^(18)Mgis significantly influenced by the continuum,resulting in a significant s-wave component.However,based on the current framework,this does not lead to a significant deviation in mirror symmetry in either the structure or spectroscopy of the 18Mg-18C pair.Additionally,the time evolution analysis of the^(18)Mgground state suggests a simultaneous 2p emission during the first step of decay.The observed nucleon-nucleon correlations align with those of the light-mass 2p emitters,indicating a consistent decay behavior within this nuclear region.

Inhibiting Voltage Decay in Li-Rich Layered Oxide Cathode:From O3-Type to O2-Type Structural Design

Li-rich layered oxide(LRLO)cathodes have been regarded as promising candidates for next-generation Li-ion batteries due to their exceptionally high energy density,which combines cationic and anionic redox activities.However,continuous voltage decay during cycling remains the primary obstacle for practical applications,which has yet to be fundamentally addressed.It is widely acknowledged that voltage decay originates from the irreversible migration of transition metal ions,which usually further exacerbates structural evolution and aggravates the irreversible oxygen redox reactions.Recently,constructing O2-type structure has been considered one of the most promising approaches for inhibiting voltage decay.In this review,the relationship between voltage decay and structural evolution is systematically elucidated.Strategies to suppress voltage decay are systematically summarized.Additionally,the design of O2-type structure and the corresponding mechanism of suppressing voltage decay are comprehensively discussed.Unfortunately,the reported O2-type LRLO cathodes still exhibit partially disordered structure with extended cycles.Herein,the factors that may cause the irreversible transition metal migrations in O2-type LRLO materials are also explored,while the perspectives and challenges for designing high-performance O2-type LRLO cathodes without voltage decay are proposed.

Microbial Growth and Decay: A Commented Review of the Model

The paper reviews previous publications and reports some comments about a semi empirical model of the growth and decay process of a planktonic microbial culture. After summarizing and reshaping some fundamental mathematical expressions, the paper highlights the reasons for the choice of a suitable time origin that makes the parameters of the model self-consistent. Besides the potential applications to predictive microbiology studies and to effects of bactericidal drugs, the model allows a suitable proxy of the fitness of the microbial culture, which can be of interest for the studies on the evolution across some thousand generations of a Long Term Evolution Experiment.

Estimation of Landfill Gas and Its Renewable Energy Potential from the Polesgo Controlled Landfill Using First-Order Decay (FOD) Models

Methane generation in landfills and its inadequate management represent the major avoidable source of anthropogenic methane today. This paper models methane production and the potential resources expected (electrical energy production and potential carbon credits from avoided CH4 emissions) from its proper management in a municipal solid waste landfill located in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. The modeling was carried out using two first-order decay (FOD) models (LandGEM V3.02 and SWANA) using parameters evaluated on the basis of the characteristics of the waste admitted to the landfill and weather data for the site. At the same time, production data have been collected since 2016 in order to compare them with the model results. The results obtained from these models were compared to experimental one. For the simulation of methane production, the SWANA model showed better consistency with experimental data, with a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.59 compared with the LandGEM model, which obtained a coefficient of 0.006. Thus, despite the low correlation values linked to the poor consistency of experimental data, the SWANA model models methane production much better than the LandGEM model. Thus, despite the low correlation values linked to the poor consistency of the experimental data, the SWANA model models methane production much better than the LandGEM V3.02 model. It was noted that the poor consistency of the experimental data justifies these low coefficients, and that they can be improved in the future thanks to ongoing in situ measurements. According to the SWANA model prediction, in 27 years of operation a biogas plant with 33% electrical efficiency using biogas from the Polesgo landfill would avoid 1,340 GgCO2e. Also, the evaluation of revenues due to electricity and carbon credit gave a total revenue derived from methane production of US$27.38 million at a cost of US$10.5/tonne CO2e.

Calculation of Particle Decay Times in the Standard Model

We present here a two-step method of classification and calculation for decay rates in the Standard Model. The first step is a phenomenological classification method, which is an extended and improved schematic experimental formula for decay width originally introduced by Chang. This schematic formula separates decays into seven classes. Furthermore, from it is derived a process-specific interaction energy mX. The second step is a numerical calculation method, which calculates this interaction energy mX numerically by minimization of action from the Lagrangian of the process, from which follows the decay width via the phenomenological formula. The Lagrangian is based on an extension of the Standard Model, the extended SU(4)-preon-model. A comparison of numerically calculated and observed decay widths for a large selection of decays shows a good agreement.

Global Existence and Decay of Solutions for a Class of a Pseudo-Parabolic Equation with Singular Potential and Logarithmic Nonlocal Source

This article investigates the well posedness and asymptotic behavior of Neumann initial boundary value problems for a class of pseudo-parabolic equations with singular potential and logarithmic nonlinearity. By utilizing cut-off techniques and combining with the Faedo Galerkin approximation method, local solvability was established. Based on the potential well method and Hardy Sobolev inequality, derive the global existence of the solution. In addition, we also obtained the results of decay.

Method for eliminating zero-order image in digital holography

For eliminating the zero-order image in digital holography, a new method using the differential of the hologram intensity instead of the hologram itself for numerical reconstruction is proposed. This method is based on digital image processing. By analyzing the spatial spectrum of the off-axis digital hologram, it theoretically proves that the zero-order image can be effectively eliminated by differential before reconstruction. Then, the detected hologram is processed in the program with differential and reconstruction. Both the theoretical analysis and digital reconstruction results show that it can effectively eliminate the large bright spot in the center of the reconstructed image caused by the zero-order image, improve the image quality significantly, and render a better contrast of the reconstructed image. This method is very simple and convenient due to no superfluous optical elements and requiring only one time record.

Axial acoustic radiation force on an elastic spherical shell near an impedance boundary for zero-order quasi-Bessel-Gauss beam

Shell structures have increasingly widespread applications in biomedical ultrasound fields such as contrast agents and drug delivery,which requires the precise prediction of the acoustic radiation force under various circumstances to improve the system efficiency.The acoustic radiation force exerted by a zero-order quasi-Bessel-Gauss beam on an elastic spherical shell near an impedance boundary is theoretically and numerically studied in this study.By means of the finite series method and the image theory,a zero-order quasi-Bessel-Gauss beam is expanded in terms of spherical harmonic functions,and the exact solution of the acoustic radiation force is derived based on the acoustic scattering theory.The acoustic radiation force function,which represents the radiation force per unit energy density and per unit cross-sectional surface,is especially investigated.Some simulated results for a polymethyl methacrylate shell and an aluminum shell are provided to illustrate the behavior of acoustic radiation force in this case.The simulated results show the oscillatory property and the negative radiation force caused by the impedance boundary.An appropriate relative thickness of the shell can generate sharp peaks for a polymethyl methacrylate shell.Strong radiation force can be obtained at small half-cone angles and the beam waist only affects the results at high frequencies.Considering that the quasi-Bessel-Gauss beam possesses both the energy focusing property and the non-diffracting advantage,this study is expected to be useful in the development of acoustic tweezers,contrast agent micro-shells,and drug delivery applications.

Random forest-based prediction of decay modes and half-lives of superheavy nuclei

Information on the decay process of nuclides in the superheavy region is critical in investigating new elements beyond oganesson and the island of stability.This paper presents the application of a random forest algorithm to examine the competition among different decay modes in the superheavy region,includingα decay,β^(-)decay,β^(+)decay,electron capture and spontaneous fission.The observed half-lives and dominant decay mode are well reproduced.The dominant decay mode of 96.9%of the nuclei beyond ^(212) Po is correctly obtained.Further,α decay is predicted to be the dominant decay mode for isotopes in new elements Z=119-122,except for spontaneous fission in certain even–even elements owing to the increased Coulomb repulsion and odd–even effect.The predicted half-lives demonstrate the existence of a long-lived spontaneous fission island southwest of ^(298) Fl caused by the competition between the fission barrier and Coulomb repulsion.A better understanding of spontaneous fission,particularly beyond ^(286)Fl,is crucial in the search for new elements and the island of stability.

Effects of sequential decay on collective flows and nuclear stopping power in heavy-ion collisions at intermediate energies

In this study, the rapidity distribution, collective flows, and nuclear stopping power in ^(197)Au+^(197)Au collisions at intermediate energies were investigated using the ultrarelativistic quantum molecular dynamics(UrQMD) model with GEMINI++ code. The UrQMD model was adopted to simulate the dynamic evolution of heavy-ion collisions, whereas the GEMINI++ code was used to simulate the decay of primary fragments produced by UrQMD. The calculated results were compared with the INDRA and FOPI experimental data. It was found that the rapidity distribution, collective flows, and nuclear stopping power were affected to a certain extent by the decay of primary fragments, especially at lower beam energies. Furthermore, the experimental data of the collective flows and nuclear stopping power at the investigated beam energies were better reproduced when the sequential decay effect was included.

Improved Grid Relaxation with Zero-Order Integrators

In this research, we have improved a relaxation method for triangular meshes intended for finite element fluid simulations which contain discrete element particles. The triangle edges are treated as springs which relax their lengths towards a “better” force equilibrium where the triangles are closer to equilateral shape. The actual kernel is an improved zero order integrator which is able to follow reconfigurations of the particles faster than earlier methods. The improved relaxation allows larger timesteps in the flow simulation and leads to more stable, faster mesh reconfigurations for fast moving particles in the flow. Additionally, this demonstrates how integrators of the same order zero can nevertheless have different convergence speeds towards

SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF NEODYMIUM AND PRASEODYMIUM BY ZERO-ORDER AND FOURTH-ORDER DFRIVATIVE SPECTROPHOTOMETRY

With derivative spectrophotometric method,the complexes of lanthanides with 2-(5-bromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-diethylaminophen- ol(5-Br-PADAP)in the presence of octylphenol poly(ethyleneg- lycol)ether(TX-100)were studied.It is found that the maximum absorption of fourth-order derivative spectra of the neodymium complex by 4f electron transitions is at 579(+)nm and 582(-)nm with molar derivative absorptivities of 5.2×10~3 1.mol^(-1).cm^(-1). The maximum absorption of the zero-order derivative spectra of the complexes for neodymium and praseodymium is at 580hm,the molar absorptivities are 1.47×10~5 l.mol^(-1).cm^(-1)for Nd and 1.26 ×10~5 l.mol^(-1).cm^(-1)for Pr.The component ratio of the complex is Nd:5-Br-PADAP=1:4.Beer's law is obeyed in the range of 0-3.75μg of Nd and Pr in 25ml of solution.The method has been used for the simultaneous determination of Nd and Pr in four synthetic samples and the results obtained are satisfactory.

Gamma-,neutron-,and muon-induced environmental background simulations for 100Mo-based bolometric double-beta decay experiment at Jinping Underground Laboratory

The sensitivity of an experiment to detect the Majorana neutrino mass via neutrinoless double-beta decay(0νββ) strongly depends on the rate of background events that can mimic this decay. One major source of this background is the radioactive emissions from the laboratory environment. In our study, we focused on assessing the background contributions from environmental gamma rays, neutrons, and underground muons to the Jinping bolometric demonstration experiment. This experiment uses an array of lithium molybdate crystal bolometers to probe the potential 0νββ decay of the100Mo isotope at the China Jinping Underground Laboratory. We also evaluated the shielding effectiveness of the experimental setup through an attenuation study. Our simulations indicate that the combined background from environmental gamma rays, neutrons, and muons in the relevant100Mo 0νββ Q-value region can be reduced to approximately 0.003 cts/kg/keV/yr.

GLOBAL WELL-POSEDNESS AND OPTIMAL TIME DECAY RATES FOR THE GENERALIZED PHAN-THIEN-TANNER MODEL IN R^(3)

In this paper, we consider the initial value problem for the incompressible generalized Phan-Thien-Tanner(GPTT) model. This model pertains to the dynamic properties of polymeric fluids. Under appropriate assumptions on smooth function f, we find a particular solution to the GPTT model. In dimension three, we establish the global existence and the optimal time decay rates of strong solutions provided that the initial data is close to the particular solution. The results which are presented here are generalizations of the network viscoelastic models.

Molecular Nature of X(3872)in B^(0)→K^(0)X(3872)and B^(+)→K^(+)X(3872)Decays

We investigate the decays of B^(0)→K^(0)X(3872)and B^(+)→K^(+)X(3872)based on the picture where the X(3872)resonance is strongly coupled to the DD*+c.c.channel.In addition to the decay mechanism where the X(3872)resonance is formed from the DD*pair hadronization with the short-distance interaction,we have also considered the DD*rescattering diagrams in the long-distance scale,where D andD*are formed from c andDD*separately.Because of the difference of the mass thresholds of charged and neutralDD*channels,and the rather narrow width of the X(3872)resonance,at the X(3872)mass,the loop functions ofD^(0)D*^(0)andD^(+)D*^(-)are much different.Taking this difference into account,the ratio of B[B^(0)→K^(0)X(3872)]/B[B+→K+X(3872)]■0.5 can be naturally obtained.Based on this result,we also evaluate the decay widths of B_s^(0)→η(η′)X(3872).It is expected that future experimental measurements of these decays can be used to elucidate the nature of the X(3872)resonance.

Modification of Wood by Tannin-Furfuryl Alcohol Resins-Effect on Dimensional Stability,Mechanical Properties and Decay Durability

Furfurylation is a well-known wood modification technology.This paper studied the effect of tannin addition on the wood furfurylation.Three kinds of dicarboxylic acids,adipic acid,succinic acid,and tartaric acid,as well as glyoxal as a comparing agent,were used to catalyse the polymerisation of furanic or tannin-furanic solutions during wood modification.Impregnation of furanic or tannin-furanic solution at a certain concentration into the wood followed with curing at 103℃for a specific duration was performed for the wood modification.Different properties of the modified woods like dimensional stability,resistance of treatment to leaching,mechanical properties,decay durability against white-rot(Coriolus versicolor,Pycnoporus sanguineus)and brown-rot(Coniophora puteana)as well as their chemical and anatomical characteristics were evaluated.Results revealed that the partial substitution of FA by the tannins improved the fixation of the chemicals impregnated in wood.Further,dimensional stability,leaching resistance,Brinell hardness,modulus of elasticity/modulus of rupture,and decay durability properties of the furfurylated wood were also improved in the presence of tannins.Scanning electron microscopy revealed the deposition of the polymer in the wood lumen cells and in the wood cell walls.