A high performance current and voltage measurement system has been developed in power system. The system is composed of two parts: one current measurement element and one voltage measurement element. A Rogowski coil ...A high performance current and voltage measurement system has been developed in power system. The system is composed of two parts: one current measurement element and one voltage measurement element. A Rogowski coil and a capacitive voltage divider are used respectively for the line current and voltage measurements. Active electronic components are used to modulate signal, and power supply for these components is drawn from power line via an auxiliary current transformer. Measurement signal is transmitted by optical fibers, which is resistant to electromagnetic induction and noise. With careful design and the use of digital signal processing technology, the whole system can meet 0.5% accuracy for metering and provides large dynamic range coupled with good accuracy for protective relaying use.展开更多
Definite-time zero-sequence over-current protection is presently used in systems whose neutral point is grounded by a low resistance(low-resistance grounding systems).These systems frequently malfunction owing to thei...Definite-time zero-sequence over-current protection is presently used in systems whose neutral point is grounded by a low resistance(low-resistance grounding systems).These systems frequently malfunction owing to their high settings of the action value when a high-impedance grounding fault occurs.In this study,the relationship between the zero-sequence currents of each feeder and the neutral branch was analyzed.Then,a grounding protection method was proposed on the basis of the zero-sequence current ratio coefficient.It is defined as the ratio of the zero-sequence current of the feeder to that of the neutral branch.Nonetheless,both zero-sequence voltage and zero-sequence current are affected by the transition resistance,The influence of transition resistance can be eliminated by calculating this coefficient.Therefore,a method based on the zero-sequence current ratio coefficient was proposed considering the significant difference between the faulty feeder and healthy feeder.Furthermore,unbalanced current can be prevented by setting the starting current.PSCAD simulation results reveal that the proposed method shows high reliability and sensitivity when a high-resistance grounding fault occurs.展开更多
The work principle of all fiber optical current transducer (AFOCT) was introduced. By analyzing the characteristic of photo-detector's output, a measurement and signal processing scheme based on sine wave modulati...The work principle of all fiber optical current transducer (AFOCT) was introduced. By analyzing the characteristic of photo-detector's output, a measurement and signal processing scheme based on sine wave modulation and demodulation was put forward for eliminating the influence of light intensity change and modulation degree change. A digital signal processing system and a calibration scheme were also advanced. The experimental data show that the mean ratio error is 0.016 74% for direct current and 0.035% for alternating current, and the correlation coefficient of linearity is up to 0.999 982 4, meeting the precision requirement of 0.2 grade. Stability experiments and temperature drift experiments show the AFOCT has a better stable capability.展开更多
Dual three-phase permanent-magnet synchronous machines(DTP-PMSM)connected with a single neutral point provide a loop for zero-sequence current(ZSC).This paper proposes a novel space vector pulse width modulation(SVPWM...Dual three-phase permanent-magnet synchronous machines(DTP-PMSM)connected with a single neutral point provide a loop for zero-sequence current(ZSC).This paper proposes a novel space vector pulse width modulation(SVPWM)strategy to suppress the ZSC.Five vectors are selected as basic voltage vectors in one switching period.The fundamental and harmonic planes and the zero-sequence plane are taken into consideration to synthesis the reference voltage vector.To suppress the ZSC,a non-zero zero-sequence voltage(ZSV)is generated to compensate the third harmonic back-EMF.Rather than triangular carrier modulation,the sawtooth carrier modulation strategy is used to generate asymmetric PWM signals.The modulation range is investigated to explore the variation of modulation range caused by considering the zero-sequence plane.With the proposed method,the ZSC can be considerably reduced.The simulated and experimental results are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed modulation strategy.展开更多
In order to improve the measurement precision of the optical current transducer （ OCT）, the adaptive optical transducing principle on independent variables is presented in this paper. And one of the adaptive optical...In order to improve the measurement precision of the optical current transducer （ OCT）, the adaptive optical transducing principle on independent variables is presented in this paper. And one of the adaptive optical current transducer（AOCT） on the independent variables of the output of the electricmegnet current transducer is introduced. According to IEC660044-8, the performance of AOCT was examined roundly applying the standard testing system authenticated by the state authority. The results indicate that the measurement precision of the AOCT has already reached 0. 2 class under the temperature from -40℃ to 60℃ ,which proves the feasibility of the method.展开更多
Compared with the traditional three-phase star connection winding,the open-end winding permanent magnet synchronous motor(OW-PMSM)system with a common direct current(DC)bus has a zero-sequence circuit,which makes the ...Compared with the traditional three-phase star connection winding,the open-end winding permanent magnet synchronous motor(OW-PMSM)system with a common direct current(DC)bus has a zero-sequence circuit,which makes the common-mode voltage and the back electromotive force(EMF)harmonic generated by the inverters produce the zero-sequence current in the zero-sequence circuit,and the zero-sequence current has great influence on the operation efficiency and stability of the motor control system.A zero-sequence current suppression strategy is presented based on model predictive current control for OW-PMSM.Through the mathematical model of OW-PMSM to establish the predictive model and the zero-sequence circuit model,the common-mode voltage under different voltage vector combinations is fully considered during vector selection and action time calculation.Then zero-sequence loop constraints are established,so as to suppress the zero-sequence current.In the end,the control strategy proposed in this paper is verified by simulation experiments.展开更多
Three differential equations based on different definitions of current density are compared. Formulation I is based on an incomplete equation for total current density （TCD）. Formulations II and {I1 are based on inc...Three differential equations based on different definitions of current density are compared. Formulation I is based on an incomplete equation for total current density （TCD）. Formulations II and {I1 are based on incomplete and complete equations for source current density （SCD）, respectively. Using the weak form of finite element method （FEM）, three formulations were applied in a spiral coil electromagnetic acoustic transducer （EMAT） example to solve magnetic vector potential （MVP）. The input impedances calculated by Formulation III are in excellent agreement with the experimental measurements. Results show that the errors for Formulations I ＆ II vary with coil diameter, coil spacing, lift-off distance and external excitation frequency, for the existence of eddy-current and skin ＆ proximity effects. And the current distribution across the coil conductor also follows the same trend. It is better to choose Formulation I instead of Formulation Ili to solve MVP when the coil diameter is less than twice the skin depth for Formulation I is a low cost and high efficiency calculation method.展开更多
The temperature characteristic of sensor probe at high voltage side is analyzed by using a photoelectric coupling current transducer. The principle of symmetric temperature compensation and the main idea of software d...The temperature characteristic of sensor probe at high voltage side is analyzed by using a photoelectric coupling current transducer. The principle of symmetric temperature compensation and the main idea of software design are proposed. The method increases measuring precision and has fairly great practicability.展开更多
Shaker screen is one of important equipments in the industry of oil, metallurgy, coal and timbering. The movement locus of shaker screen affects the capacity and efficiency of shaker screen to split the solid particle...Shaker screen is one of important equipments in the industry of oil, metallurgy, coal and timbering. The movement locus of shaker screen affects the capacity and efficiency of shaker screen to split the solid particle from crude ore directly. To test movement of shaker locus, two eddy current transducers are employed. A discussion of the usage of these eddy current transducer to test and acceleration sensors will be made. The experiment results from a real elliptic shaker screen have good agree with the design requirements.展开更多
In this study,a 2kHz Tonpilz projector was designed using a Terfenol-D and modeled in ATILA.For the purpose of modeling studies,it has been determined that a radiating head mass exhibits better transmitting current re...In this study,a 2kHz Tonpilz projector was designed using a Terfenol-D and modeled in ATILA.For the purpose of modeling studies,it has been determined that a radiating head mass exhibits better transmitting current response（TCR） at 136 mm diameter,where the resonance occurs at 2.4kHz and the peak value of 118 dB re 1 μPa/A at 1 m occurs at 12 kHz.Also bolt at a 46mm distance from the center of the head mass offers resonance at 2.4kHz,and the peak value of 115.3 dB re 1 μPa/A at 1m occurs at 11.5kHz.This optimized design is fabricated and molded with polyurethane of 3mm thickness.The prototype was tested at the Acoustic Test Facility（ATF） of National Institute of Ocean Technology（NIOT） for its underwater performances.Based on the result,the fundamental resonance was determined to be 2.18kHz and the peak value of TCR of 182 dB re 1 μPa/A at 1m occurs at 14 kHz.The maximum value of the RS was found to be -190 dB re 1V/μPa at 1m at a frequency of 2.1kHz.展开更多
This paper considers the design of EMAT （Electro-Magnetic Acoustic Transducer） based on numerical simulation. The EMAT consists of an exiting coil and two permanent magnets, which transmits the ultrasonic wave by th...This paper considers the design of EMAT （Electro-Magnetic Acoustic Transducer） based on numerical simulation. The EMAT consists of an exiting coil and two permanent magnets, which transmits the ultrasonic wave by the Lorentz force between the eddy current and the static magnetic field by the magnets. From the experimental result on self-prepared EMATs, the intensity and the directivity of the transmitted wave depend on the widths of the coil and the magnets. By means of EEM analysis the authors attempt to determine the optimal values of the above widths such that both the intensity and the directivity achieve the maximum or allowable performance.展开更多
文摘A high performance current and voltage measurement system has been developed in power system. The system is composed of two parts: one current measurement element and one voltage measurement element. A Rogowski coil and a capacitive voltage divider are used respectively for the line current and voltage measurements. Active electronic components are used to modulate signal, and power supply for these components is drawn from power line via an auxiliary current transformer. Measurement signal is transmitted by optical fibers, which is resistant to electromagnetic induction and noise. With careful design and the use of digital signal processing technology, the whole system can meet 0.5% accuracy for metering and provides large dynamic range coupled with good accuracy for protective relaying use.
基金supported in part by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFB0900603)Technology Projects of State Grid Corporation of China(52094017000W).
文摘Definite-time zero-sequence over-current protection is presently used in systems whose neutral point is grounded by a low resistance(low-resistance grounding systems).These systems frequently malfunction owing to their high settings of the action value when a high-impedance grounding fault occurs.In this study,the relationship between the zero-sequence currents of each feeder and the neutral branch was analyzed.Then,a grounding protection method was proposed on the basis of the zero-sequence current ratio coefficient.It is defined as the ratio of the zero-sequence current of the feeder to that of the neutral branch.Nonetheless,both zero-sequence voltage and zero-sequence current are affected by the transition resistance,The influence of transition resistance can be eliminated by calculating this coefficient.Therefore,a method based on the zero-sequence current ratio coefficient was proposed considering the significant difference between the faulty feeder and healthy feeder.Furthermore,unbalanced current can be prevented by setting the starting current.PSCAD simulation results reveal that the proposed method shows high reliability and sensitivity when a high-resistance grounding fault occurs.
文摘The work principle of all fiber optical current transducer (AFOCT) was introduced. By analyzing the characteristic of photo-detector's output, a measurement and signal processing scheme based on sine wave modulation and demodulation was put forward for eliminating the influence of light intensity change and modulation degree change. A digital signal processing system and a calibration scheme were also advanced. The experimental data show that the mean ratio error is 0.016 74% for direct current and 0.035% for alternating current, and the correlation coefficient of linearity is up to 0.999 982 4, meeting the precision requirement of 0.2 grade. Stability experiments and temperature drift experiments show the AFOCT has a better stable capability.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 51977099。
文摘Dual three-phase permanent-magnet synchronous machines(DTP-PMSM)connected with a single neutral point provide a loop for zero-sequence current(ZSC).This paper proposes a novel space vector pulse width modulation(SVPWM)strategy to suppress the ZSC.Five vectors are selected as basic voltage vectors in one switching period.The fundamental and harmonic planes and the zero-sequence plane are taken into consideration to synthesis the reference voltage vector.To suppress the ZSC,a non-zero zero-sequence voltage(ZSV)is generated to compensate the third harmonic back-EMF.Rather than triangular carrier modulation,the sawtooth carrier modulation strategy is used to generate asymmetric PWM signals.The modulation range is investigated to explore the variation of modulation range caused by considering the zero-sequence plane.With the proposed method,the ZSC can be considerably reduced.The simulated and experimental results are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed modulation strategy.
文摘In order to improve the measurement precision of the optical current transducer （ OCT）, the adaptive optical transducing principle on independent variables is presented in this paper. And one of the adaptive optical current transducer（AOCT） on the independent variables of the output of the electricmegnet current transducer is introduced. According to IEC660044-8, the performance of AOCT was examined roundly applying the standard testing system authenticated by the state authority. The results indicate that the measurement precision of the AOCT has already reached 0. 2 class under the temperature from -40℃ to 60℃ ,which proves the feasibility of the method.
基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(No.2232019D3-53)Initial Research Funds for Young Teachers of Donghua University,China(104070053029)Shanghai Rising-Star Program,China(No.19QA1400400)。
文摘Compared with the traditional three-phase star connection winding,the open-end winding permanent magnet synchronous motor(OW-PMSM)system with a common direct current(DC)bus has a zero-sequence circuit,which makes the common-mode voltage and the back electromotive force(EMF)harmonic generated by the inverters produce the zero-sequence current in the zero-sequence circuit,and the zero-sequence current has great influence on the operation efficiency and stability of the motor control system.A zero-sequence current suppression strategy is presented based on model predictive current control for OW-PMSM.Through the mathematical model of OW-PMSM to establish the predictive model and the zero-sequence circuit model,the common-mode voltage under different voltage vector combinations is fully considered during vector selection and action time calculation.Then zero-sequence loop constraints are established,so as to suppress the zero-sequence current.In the end,the control strategy proposed in this paper is verified by simulation experiments.
基金Project(2014BAF12B01)supported by the Key Projects in the National Science&Technology Pillar Program during the Twelfth Five-year Plan Period,ChinaProject(51405520)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2012CB619505)supported by National Basic Research Program of China
文摘Three differential equations based on different definitions of current density are compared. Formulation I is based on an incomplete equation for total current density （TCD）. Formulations II and {I1 are based on incomplete and complete equations for source current density （SCD）, respectively. Using the weak form of finite element method （FEM）, three formulations were applied in a spiral coil electromagnetic acoustic transducer （EMAT） example to solve magnetic vector potential （MVP）. The input impedances calculated by Formulation III are in excellent agreement with the experimental measurements. Results show that the errors for Formulations I ＆ II vary with coil diameter, coil spacing, lift-off distance and external excitation frequency, for the existence of eddy-current and skin ＆ proximity effects. And the current distribution across the coil conductor also follows the same trend. It is better to choose Formulation I instead of Formulation Ili to solve MVP when the coil diameter is less than twice the skin depth for Formulation I is a low cost and high efficiency calculation method.
文摘The temperature characteristic of sensor probe at high voltage side is analyzed by using a photoelectric coupling current transducer. The principle of symmetric temperature compensation and the main idea of software design are proposed. The method increases measuring precision and has fairly great practicability.
文摘Shaker screen is one of important equipments in the industry of oil, metallurgy, coal and timbering. The movement locus of shaker screen affects the capacity and efficiency of shaker screen to split the solid particle from crude ore directly. To test movement of shaker locus, two eddy current transducers are employed. A discussion of the usage of these eddy current transducer to test and acceleration sensors will be made. The experiment results from a real elliptic shaker screen have good agree with the design requirements.
文摘In this study,a 2kHz Tonpilz projector was designed using a Terfenol-D and modeled in ATILA.For the purpose of modeling studies,it has been determined that a radiating head mass exhibits better transmitting current response（TCR） at 136 mm diameter,where the resonance occurs at 2.4kHz and the peak value of 118 dB re 1 μPa/A at 1 m occurs at 12 kHz.Also bolt at a 46mm distance from the center of the head mass offers resonance at 2.4kHz,and the peak value of 115.3 dB re 1 μPa/A at 1m occurs at 11.5kHz.This optimized design is fabricated and molded with polyurethane of 3mm thickness.The prototype was tested at the Acoustic Test Facility（ATF） of National Institute of Ocean Technology（NIOT） for its underwater performances.Based on the result,the fundamental resonance was determined to be 2.18kHz and the peak value of TCR of 182 dB re 1 μPa/A at 1m occurs at 14 kHz.The maximum value of the RS was found to be -190 dB re 1V/μPa at 1m at a frequency of 2.1kHz.
文摘This paper considers the design of EMAT （Electro-Magnetic Acoustic Transducer） based on numerical simulation. The EMAT consists of an exiting coil and two permanent magnets, which transmits the ultrasonic wave by the Lorentz force between the eddy current and the static magnetic field by the magnets. From the experimental result on self-prepared EMATs, the intensity and the directivity of the transmitted wave depend on the widths of the coil and the magnets. By means of EEM analysis the authors attempt to determine the optimal values of the above widths such that both the intensity and the directivity achieve the maximum or allowable performance.
