A new diatom genus Spargeria gen.nov.(Bacillariophyceae)from Xizang,China,and the description of two new species

During our investigation of diatom biodiversity in Xizang,two species exhibited unique morphological features discriminative from all previously known genera.Herein we describe these two species and describe as new the genus,Spargeria gen.nov.The new genus features narrow to wide rectangular valves,narrow valve mantles,filiform raphe branches that occur on the valve face only,terminal raphe fissures straight or slightly deflected to same side,bow-tie shaped central areas,chambered striae present on the valve face only,being absent from the mantle,wider striae near the axial area and very narrow near the margin,multiseriate striae with small and round areolae that are occluded externally.Comparatively,Spargeria zhuii sp.nov.has larger and robust valves,radiate striae,with one divergent stria near the apices,while Spargeria chenia sp.nov.is smaller,with narrow valves,striae slightly radiate in the middle,becoming convergent or parallel near apices.This new genus belongs to the family Pinnulariaceae,and it was compared and contrasted with other genera of this family.Our work suggests the need for continued studies to document the biodiversity of diatoms in Xizang.

Lineaperpetua gen.nov.:a new diatom genus in the Thalassiosirales supported by morphology and molecular data

Based on a combination of morphology and molecular data of ribosomal DNA genes,a new diatom genus Lineaperpetua gen.nov.Yu,You,Kociolek&Wang is described.The features that help define Lineaperpetua at the level of genus include:a tangentially undulated valve face;continuous cribra areolae on the valve interior consisting of pores arranged as strips;single rimoportula located inside the ring of marginal fultoportulae.Additionally,phylogenetic analysis based on nuclear small subunit(SSU)rDNA sequences and nuclear large subunit(LSU)rDNA gene placed the three strains of L.lacustris in a single,monophyletic clade at a considerable sequence distance from the other genera(Thalassiosira,Conticribra,Planktoniella,Shinodiscus,and other genera)belonging to Thalassiosirales.Despite the similarities with some species of Thalassiosira,Conticribra,and Spicaticribra,the suite of features found in Lineaperpetua differentiate it from these other genera.These molecular data and morphological characters suggest an affinity of the new genus to the Thalassiosiraceae.

Yuzaoea gen. nov., a new biraphid diatom(Bacillariophyceae)genus and its phylogenetic significance

The flexed frustules in pennate diatoms are usually associated with monoraphid diatoms. Interestingly, we found a biraphid diatom species with flexed frustules in an offshore intertidal beach environment on Weizhou Island,Beihai City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. Therefore, based on morphological characteristics, we described a new genus of diatoms Yuzaoea sinensis gen. et sp. nov. CH Li, HH Liu, YH Gao & CP Chen. The frustule of this genus is characterized by heterogeneous frustule with one concave valve and one convex valve,complete raphe on both valves, straight and moderately eccentric raphe, uniseriate striae and girdle bands with a single row of areolae. The most identifying feature of this genus was the flexed frustule, which is rare in biraphid diatoms and common in monoraphid diatoms. We compared the morphometric characteristics of genus Yuzaoea with genus Rhoikoneis and several genera within the family Rhoicospheniaceae, including Rhoicosphenia,Campylopyxis, and Cuneolus. Phylogenetic analyses based on SSU rRNA and rbc L showed that the genus Yuzaoea was the sister group to the clade of Rhoicosphenia with a high support value(bootstrap values = 100%), and the clade “Yuzaoea+Rhoicosphenia” was sister to the clade of monoraphid diatoms, in which the genera Achnanthidium, Planothidium and some Cocconeis with high support values(bootstrap = 100%).Morphologically, the genus Yuzaoea shares many morphological features with monoraphid diatoms like genera Achnanthidium and Planothidium and the members within the Rhoicospheniaceae. Therefore, based on a combined morphological studies and phylogenetic results we suggested that this branch may represented the evolution of one kind monoraphid diatoms, from biraphid diatoms(e.g. genus Yuzaoea), to incompleted biraphid diatoms(e.g. genera Rhoicosphenia, Campylopyxis), to monoraphid diatoms(e.g. genera Achnanthidium and Planothidium).

基于Cerebrus的Genus+Innovus流程的功耗面积优化

对于性能功耗面积(PPA)的追求已成为IC芯片设计的共识,尤其是发展到先进工艺节点,PPA已成为IC设计综合性能的重要指标,尤其是对于大型SoC芯片中clone很多次的模块,对于PPA的追求变得更加极致。介绍了基于Cadence公司的Genus工具和Cerebrus工具,通过综合阶段与后端PR各个阶段的优化,共同提升PPA的优化方案。最终结果显示,在时序及DRC基本收敛的情况下,使用Cerebrus工具相比Innovus可以使功耗降低3.5%,面积降低3.1%,使用Genus+Innovus流程可以使功耗降低6.4%,面积降低8.5%,极大地降低了芯片的面积及功耗。

Structural Characterization of Chloroplast Genome in Alpinia japonica(Thunb.)Miq.,a Medicinal Plant of the Genus Alpinia

The analysis of chloroplast gene characteristics in Alpinia japonica(Thunb.)Miq.is of great significance for developing relevant genetic resources.The high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatic research were performed to analyze the chloroplast genome characteristics of A.japonica.The total chloroplast genome length of A.japonica was 161,906 bp,with a typical circular tetrameric structure.And 133 genes were annotated,comprising 87 protein-coding,38 tRNA,and 8 rRNA genes.Furthermore,22 genes contained two copies,and 18 genes owned introns.Repeat sequence analysis showed that it contains 321 simple sequence repeats(SSRs)and 37 long segment repeats.Compared with the chloroplast genomes of eight representative plants in the genus Alpinia,the gene structure,type,and quantity were relatively conservative.Rps12 was the highest variation site in the entire chloroplast gene.A phylogenetic tree showed that the genus Alpinia was the most closely related to the genus Amomum.Meanwhile,A.japonica is the most closely related to Alpinia chinensis belonging to the genus Alpinia.Overall,the chloroplast genome of a new species was reported in the genus Alpinia,and a basis was provided for the utilization of Alpinia plants as a medical resource.

Dajianzhong decoction:a review of its phytochemistry and therapeutic potential for gastrointestinal disease

Dajianzhong decoction(DJZD)is one of the traditional herbal prescriptions originated from Synopsis of Golden Chamber,which clinically used for the treatment of various gastrointestinal(GI)disease.This paper was aimed to provide a systematic review on the phytochemistry of DJZD and its therapeutic potential for GI disease and the mechanism.Finally,the possible development and perspectives for future research on this prescription were also discussed.To date,over 60 compounds have been identified form DJZD,including unsaturated fatty acid,saponins,and polyphenols,with hydroxy-sanshool and ginsenoside compounds as the predominant ones.DJZD possessed widely pharmacological activities on the GI disease from the Eastern Han Dynasty to the present,such as intestinal obstruction,colitis,and irritable bowel syndrome.Especially for the intestinal obstruction,it had demonstrated the efficacy of DJZD treatment for relief of postoperative ileus in patients undergoing surgery for GI cancer.The detailed mechanism was mainly related with NF-ᴋB signaling pathway.However,further research elucidating the protective effects of DJZD on GI disease,exploring new clinical effects,as well as establishing criteria for quality control for DJZD should be studied.

Natural isothiocyanates of the genus Capparis as potential agonists of apoptosis and antitumor agents:Mechanisms and implications

In this editorial,we comment on a recent publication,which highlights the important findings from the study,including the antitumor and anti-inflammatory effects of isothiocyanates,their underlying mechanisms,and implications.Additionally,a related perspective is discussed.

Contribution to the Knowledge of the Afrotropical Spilomelinae (Lepidoptera, Crambidae): A New Genus in the Tribe Nomophilini Kuznetzov & Stekolnikov 1979 Based on Morphology and DNA Barcoding

The new genus Parathrausta gen.n. in the subfamily Spilomelinae (Lepidoptera, Crambidae) is erected based on a series of specimens collected in the Afrotropical region of Saudi Arabia. The new genus is monotypical, with Parathrausta internervalis sp.n. its type species. The adults of the type species, the male genitalia, the female genitalia and the tympanal organs are described and figured. The new genus is recognized as related by characters in the male and female genitalia with genera in the tribes Steniini Guine, 1854 and Nomophilini Kuznetzov & Stekolnikov, 1979, namely with Bradina Lederer, 1863, Perisyntrocha Meyrick, 1894, Diathrausta Lederer, 1863, Diasemiopsis Munroe, 1957, Diasemiodes Munroe, 1957 and with the genera in the Duponchelia Zeller, 1847 group comprising Duponchelia Zeller, 1847, Penestola Mschler, 1890, Tatobotys Butler, 1880 and Hymenoptychis Zeller, 1852. The character states differentiating the new genus from the comparative genera are discussed. Potential autapomorphies of the new genus are listed. The tribal assignment of the new genus to the Nomophilini Kuznetzov & Stekolnikov, 1979 based on morphological characters is discussed. The support of the tribal and cladistic assignment of the new genus as a sister clade to Diathrausta Lederer, 1863 based phylogenetic analyses (NJ, MP and ML) is shown. An unusually strong genetic divergence of the genus in the COI segment of the mt-DNA based on the Tamura-Nei distance measure from the morphologically related genera is recognized and addressed.

First Record of the Genus Wijayarana (Anura, Ranidae) from Yunnan, China

Dear Editor,e family Ranidae is one of the largest and most families of amphibians(Che et al.,2007),with 64 recognized genera and429 species(Frost,2022).However,the systematics and natural history of some ranid groups have not been well-studied.One such example is the taxonomic relationship between Sylvirana,H ylarana and other closely-related taxa(Che et al.,2007;Pyron and Wiens,2011;Oliver et al.,2015).China has a large diversity of ranid frogs,with 146 speciesbelonging to 7 genera,and48 species belonging to 7 genera in the southern province of Yunnan(AmphibiaChina,2022).

Regulation of Quan Du Zhong capsule on VEGF/bFGF and expression of Bcl‑2/Bax and Caspase‑3 protein in the repairing process of canine femoral head necrosis

Objective:To explore the repair and treatment effect of Quan Du Zhong capsule on necrosis of femoral head in dogs.Methods:Totally 12 beagles were randomly divided into normal group,model group,Quan Du Zhong capsule group and Xianlinggubao capsule group,with three in each group.In addition to the normal group,the other groups established the femoral head necrosis model by liquid nitrogen alternative freezing.The normal group and the model group did not have any intervention during the modeling period,and the Quan Du Zhong group began to receive the Quan Du Zhong by gavage on the day of modeling;Xianlinggubao capsule group was given Xianlinggubao capsule by gavage once a day for 12 consecutive weeks on the day of modeling.The levels of VEGF and bFGF in the blood vessels of each group at the 12th week were compared,and the ratios of BMD,BS/BV,BV/TV,Tb.Th,Tb.N were measured by Micro CT,and the expressions of Bcl-2,Bax,Caspase-3 proteins were detected by immune reaction.Results:1.Compared with the normal group,the level of serum VEGF and bFGF in the model group decreased after 12 weeks of modeling(P<0.05);Compared with the model group,the levels of serum VEGF and bFGF water in the Xianlinggubao capsule group and the Quan Du Zhong capsule group increased on average at the 12th week of modeling,with statistical difference(P<0.05).The level of the Quan Du Zhong capsule group was the highest,followed by the Xianlinggubao capsule group.2.Compared with the normal group,BMD,BS/BV,BV/TV,Tb.Th and Tb.N in the model group were lower,and Tb.SP were higher,the results were statistically significant(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,the BMD,BV/TV,Tb.Th and Tb.N of Xianlinggubao capsule group and the total eucommia capsule group increased,while the BS/BV and Tb.SP decreased(P<0.05).3.The Quan Du Zhong capsule group and Xianlinggubao capsule group could significantly increase the expression of bcl-2 protein in the femoral head of dogs,which was significantly different from the model group(P<0.05).The expression of bax protein in the femoral head of dogs in the Quan Du Zhong capsule group and the Xianlinggubao capsule group was significantly reduced compared with the model group(P<0.05).The expression of caspase-3 protein in the femoral head of dogs was significantly reduced in the Quan Du Zhong capsule group and Xianlinggubao capsule group,which was significantly different from the model group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Quan Du Zhong capsule can increase the expression of VEGF and bFGF in serum,increase the expression of bcl-2,inhibit the expression of bax,and reduce the expression of caspase-3,which plays a synergistic role in the treatment of avascular necrosis of the femoral head,and has potential targets.

发展型人力资源管理实践对员工主动变革行为的影响机制:中庸思维的调节作用

作为新兴的人力资源管理实践,发展型人力资源管理实践能够对员工的工作动机、行为产生积极影响。然而,在中国本土文化情境下,鲜有文献涉及发展型人力资源管理实践如何影响员工主动变革行为。基于资源保存理论和“能力—动机—机会(AMO)”框架,探讨发展型人力资源管理实践对员工主动变革行为的影响机制和边界条件。通过对三阶段349份有效样本的分析发现,发展型人力资源管理实践对员工主动变革行为具有显著正向影响;员工工作重塑在发展型人力资源管理实践与员工主动变革行为间发挥部分中介作用;中庸思维会进一步强化发展型人力资源管理实践与主动变革行为间关系,且该调节效应会被工作重塑中介。

“这种人”负面评价意义的规约化

短语“这种人”高频用于负面评价,且类型丰富,经常与贬义“指人NP”、贬义属性谓语或修饰语共现。从立场表达三角理论来看,“人称+这种人”是立场表达者对特定主体或客体的负面评价。“语境吸收”“礼貌原则”和“概括机制”是“这种人”负面评价倾向形成的主要机制。

结合国标对翡翠的种进行分级

翡翠的种一词起源于商业活动中,因在翡翠质量评价中占据着极其重要的位置而被广泛地推广和使用。于2009年国家颁布了翡翠分级的国标,明确给出了翡翠的定义和透明度、质地、净度、颜色、工艺的分级标准。这极大地促进了翡翠行业的规范性发展,也让其迈向国际市场更近了一步。截至目前,该国标中尚未涵盖种的介绍和分级并且专家学者们对种的概念认识不一,不仅造成了业内人士和学者们的理解困惑也给翡翠质量评估带来了阻力。因此,为进一步补充和完善翡翠分级的内容,笔者总结了前人的经验并以翡翠分级国标中相关内容为基础,从材料学的角度提出了“六面体结构”,详尽讲述了翡翠的成分、相组成、结构及密度、硬度、韧性、强度、抛光性对种的影响,提出了种的评价多因素论。在商业中,种的称谓多为形象描述,类别较多且十分混杂并不适用于翡翠的分级标准。本文列举了种分级的各类影响因素并分析了多因素间的相关性且进一步对它进行简化和归一,最终提出采用表面粗糙度这一指标作为种的分级标准,依此对种划分了四个等级,即好、较好、较差、差。

钟秉林先生的本科教学评估理念与实践

钟秉林先生是当代中国高等教育改革发展的重要推动者之一,他特别强调本科教学评估在高等教育内涵式发展中的重要性,并为本科教学评估制度完善做出了突出贡献,对我国本科教学评估工作推进产生深远影响。钟先生分别以参与者、领导者和主评者的身份,深入体验了我国本科教学评估的初创、发展和不断走向成熟过程,对本科教学评估有着全面而深刻的认识。钟秉林先生客观评价了首轮本科教学评估所取得的成绩,将之归纳为“六个促进”,并对本科教学评估制度改进提出了“四个促进、四个发挥”观点,致力于实现“五个转变”“五个更加重视”目标。这些观念与实践是一笔宝贵的财富,对于推动我国高等教育高质量发展具有深远的启示和影响。

钟敬文傩文化学术思想研究

钟敬文对中国民族民间文化的发展一直报以拳拳之心。他毕生都为民间艺术奋斗不止,对傩文化发展给予了高屋建瓴的指导思想,做出了切实可行的具体贡献,对傩文化的发展起着奠基性作用。从钟敬文对傩舞傩戏的科学归类、傩文化思想精髓的阐述、包括傩戏傩面在内的民间艺术的定位、傩戏向戏剧演变的一般规律的概括等学术研究,能够勾勒出他的傩文化学术思想——民间艺术是人民文化的瑰宝。

楚文字“砫”字补说

关于楚文字中“砫”字构形问题,学界一般认为从石主声是“重”字异构。汉语中的“重”,有“古代丧礼中在虞祭之前,用木制成暂代主牌以依神之物”之义。我们结合相关文献及考古资料,认为“砫”当看作从石从主,主亦声的字。我们认为“砫”为“重”字异构,与古代丧礼中虞祭之前暂代“主”用来依附死者灵魂之“重”密切相关。秦灭六国,“重”行而“砫”废。但是,“砫”的一些义项则保留在“重”字中。

基于史源学考察的金中都城门问题补证

金贞元元年(1153)海陵王迁都燕京,称金中都。《金史·地理志》记载中都有城门十三,而《大金国志》《金虏图经》《析津志》等文献却称金中都城门十二。针对这两种不同说法,自清代以来学者多有解释讨论,目前学界倾向于认为金中都城门初有十二,后于东北增辟光泰门,成十三之数,又正北“通玄门”曾改名“清夷门”。但这一论断的得出缺乏对相关文献史料源流的充分辨析,且对增辟光泰门及改通玄门名的时间亦论证不清。实际上,其实若从史源学的角度出发,重新梳理相关文献记载,厘清源流,既可补证上述论断,还可进一步推定金章宗为游幸万宁宫的便利而增辟光泰门,“通玄门”改名“清夷门”则是金宣宗迁都汴梁后因避忌蒙古而追改的结果,进而丰富我们对金中都城门制度的认识。

释西周金文中的“虐”字

西周金文选钟乙“虣(暴)虐”之“虐”写作“”,从卜、虎会意,表示以兵杖搏虎,为“虐”之初文。“(虐)”字的造字意图与“虣”字之表示以戈钺搏虎相类,对应的词也意义相近,故文献中常见“虣(暴)虐”连言。■盨铭文“虐”所从“匕”、《说文》“虐”篆文所从“爪”,均为“卜”形之讹变。《说文》对“虐”字形、字义的说解,以及目前学术界将“虐”字追溯至甲骨文从虎抓人形之字的主流意见,均不可靠。西周金文霸姬盘中的“”字也应释为“虐”,读为“效”,义为致送。

清代雍正时期黄中海道针经考释

黄中海道针经,是雍正五年至七年由文登县知县黄中,根据邑中长老口述而加工编撰的一段从天津至山东自北而南沿海航行的指南。雍正《山东通志》将是段海程收录,这是目前所见最接近原始记录的文献。是部海道针经,详细记叙了沿山东半岛一带海域的地文、水文与气象现象,并总结其规律,具有很强的科学性与实操性,它代表了在传统社会条件下海洋科学技术所能达到的最高峰。同时,它展现出一幅沿线生民捕鱼、商贸、信仰与国家海上管理的清晰生动图景。对黄中海道针经的考释,也让我们重新思考国家层面上的河运海运之争,清代因袭明重农防海的基本国策,由此构建出的一套话语体系,不但遮蔽了繁忙发达的海上往来,而且极大地延迟了海运替代河运的时间。

市场联结与要素流动:开中盐法对明代西南边疆市场的影响

西南边疆是明代开中盐法实施的重点区域,开中盐法的推行在充溢边饷的同时也为边疆市场发展提供了重要契机。政府制定差异化的中盐则例,形成了一种市场力量,引发内地商业资本和商人群体等经济要素向边疆地区流动,为边疆市场发展注入了经济活力。在开中盐法的吸引下,有不少内地商人进入云贵地区落地生根,撬动了西南边疆粮食市场的发展,同时也培育了本地商人群体。在内地商人与本地商人这两个市场主体的共同作用下,西南边疆市场有了进一步的发展,与内地市场的联系也逐步加强。