Effects of Copper-Zinc Alloy Doped with Rare Earth Elements on Crystal of Calcium Carbonate

A copper-zinc alloy doped with rare earth elements was prepared and the mechanism was demonstrated in a simulating boiler and circulating cooling water with rigidity 1 mmol·L-1. The polar curve and scale inhibiting ability of the alloy was tested by a corrosion measurement system and a scale inhibition evaluation system, respectively. Scale samples were characterized with SEM and XRD. It is found that the transfer of cations could be promoted by doping with proper rare earth elements, and the corrosion potentials descend by 25～126 mV. The results indicated that the copper-zinc alloy doped with rare earth elements has higher scale inhibiting ability of CaCO3. The growth of calcite was affected by zinc ions dissolved because of primary battery reaction, and the transition of calcium carbonate from aragonite to calcite was hampered resulting in the proportion of aragonite to calcite is changed from 1.7∶1 to 2.7∶1.

Effect of Rare Earth on the Corrosion-Resisting Performance of Zinc-Based Alloy Coatings

The corrosion behavior of coatings of pure zinc and Zn-Al,Zn-Al-RE alloys in NaCl solu- tions was studied by salt-spray experiments,even corrosion experiments and electrochemical measurements of bi-directional polarization curves and a.c.impedance in weak polarization region consistent regularities were obtained by these different methods,viz.,the corrosion resistance of Zn could be enhanced by alloying it with Al,and particularly with Al-RE.The causes of enhancement of corrosion resistance by RE were also discussed.

Effect of Yttrium on Aging Resistance of Zinc Alloy ZA-27

By metalloscopy,scanning electron microscope,X-ray diffraction,electron probe,salt water erosion and hot steam erosion,the microstructures and the aging resistance of zinc alloy ZA-27 with different contents of yttrium were studied. The results show that with optimum addition of yttrium in the alloy ZA-27 the fine YAl_3 phase forms. The fine YAl_3 granules can act as the condensation nuclei of α phase and the number of the α phase′s nuclei increases greatly and the growth of the nuclei comes in for restrict during the crystallization and the alloy′s grains become fine and the segregation reduces. In addition,yttrium also combines with zinc and the fine dispersion Y-Zn phase forms which improves grain boundary conditions and the alloy′s aging resistance. But when the content of yttrium is overmuch some YAl_3 granules grow to be lumpy,so the fine and close texture of the alloy′s boundaries is damaged and the proportion of the interface among the phases increase which brings a decline in the alloy′s resistance to corrosion.

Study on phosphating treatment of aluminum alloy:role of yttrium oxide

Zinc phosphate coatings formed on 6061-Al alloy, after dipping in phosphating solutions containing different amounts of Y2O3（yttrium oxide）, were studied by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, X-ray diffraction （XRD） and electrochemical measurements. Significant variations in the morphology and corrosion resistance afforded by zinc phosphate coating were especially observed as Y2O3 in phosphating solution varied from 0 to 40 mg/L. The addition of Y2O3 changed the initial potential of the interface between aluminum alloy substrate and phosphating solution and increased the number of nucleation sites. The phosphate coating thereby was less porous structure and covered the surface of aluminum alloy completely within short phosphating time. Phosphate coating was mainly composed of Zn3（PO4）2·4H2O （hopeite） and AlPO4（aluminum phosphate）. Y2O3, as an additive of phosphatization, accelerated precipitation and refined the gain size of phosphate coating. The corrosion resistance of zinc phosphate coating in 3% NaCl solution was improved as shown by polarization measurement. In the present research, the optimal amount of Y2O3 was 10-20 mg/L, and the optimal phosphating time was 600 s.

Influence of La and RE on the Underside Shrinkage of ZA27 Alloy

The effect of pure La and mischmetal(RE) on underside shrinkage of ZA27 alloy with cooling rate of 32 min-1 was investigated. The results show that the volumes of the underside shrinkage and the total shrinkage(underside shrinkage plus internal shrinkage) of the alloy decrease as the content of La or RE increases. When the contents of La and RE exceed 03%04%(mass fraction) respectively, the underside shrinkage is eliminated and the internal shrinkage moves upwards gradually. The mechanism that the underside shrinkage is eliminated is the falling of La and RE compounds and their accumulation on the bottom of the ZA27 alloy sample. Since La and RE can not effectively prevent phases(Al base solid solution) in the alloy from rising, the internal shrinkage is still close to the bottom of the ZA27 sample.

Effect of Cerium on Mechanical Properties and Morphology of ZZn4-1 Alloy

Effect of the addition of cerium in appropriate amount on the mechanical properties and morphology of ZZn4-1 alloy was investigated. In the case of samples collected from metal mould, the results show that the addition of cerium in appropriate amount can increase tensile strength and HE hardness, and can refine the microstructure of ZZn4-1 alloy considerably. In the case of samples collected from pressure die-casting, the addition of cerium in appropriate amount can refine the primary eta-phase and the eutectic structure of pressure die-casting and improve mechanical and processing properties of the alloy.

Study of a New Chromium-Free Conversion Coating Formed on ZnAl Alloy

A new chromium-free conversion film was obtained on surface of a ZnAl alloy by chemical conversion process. Influence of the additives in treating solution containing cerium salt on the corrosion protection of the conversion film formed on zinc alloy was investigated. Corrosion tests and electrochemical measurements in sodium chloride solution were performed . The microstructure and composition of the coatings were examined by means of SEM, EDS and XRD. It was found that the corrosion protection capabilities of the conversion film are markedly increased with the cerium nitride plus additives (hydrogen fluoride acid and an organic inhibitor) treating process. The modified conversion film is an organic/inorganic composite coating and is much more corrosion resistant than the conventional chromate conversion coating and the single cerium conversion coating.

大规格1960K级AB类热镀锌-5%铝稀土合金钢丝研制

大规格1 960K级钢丝要求具有高韧性、高尺寸精度、满足AB级热镀锌-5%铝稀土合金面质量。优化钢丝表面处理和热处理工艺,钢丝热镀锌-5%铝稀土合金层工艺,确定合理的生产工艺流程,开发出适合高碳钢高强度大规格镀锌-5%铝稀土合金钢丝拉拔的专用拉丝模,优选出适合镀锌-5%铝稀土合金层钢丝拉拔的钙系DYH-38拉丝粉,确定了拉拔时合理的部分压缩率7%~16%,生产Ф2.63 mm 1 960K级AB类热镀锌-5%铝稀土合金层中镀后拉拔钢丝时车速可稳定在330 m/min,生产的钢丝力学性能超过了标准要求,镀层面质量符合AB类锌层要求。

添加稀土元素的锌基合金牺牲阳极的研究

研究了几种锌基牺牲阳极材料,如Zn-Al、Zn-Al-Cd和Zn-Al-Cd-RE。考查了材料的电化学性能和在海水中的腐蚀情况,采用金相显微镜和SEM研究了材料的组织与性能。研究结果表明,添加稀土元素可以改善锌基牺牲阳极材料的性能,如晶粒得到细化和均匀。当锌基合金中的添加元素Al、Cd和RE的含量分别为0.5%、0.1%、1.0%时,材料的开路电位、自腐蚀电流和腐蚀速度分别为-1.0519V、328.1μA/cm2和0.010518g/cm2。

Zn-Cu-Mg-Al-RE锌合金的显微组织与切削性能

采用金相组织分析、X线衍射物相分析、扫描电镜和能谱分析技术对自行研制的Zn-Cu-Mg-Al-RE锌合金(拟取代HPb59-1黄铜)在铸态、挤压态和热处理态3种状态下的显微组织与切削性能进行研究,并比较3种状态Zn-Cu-Mg-Al-RE合金与HPb59-1黄铜的切削性能。研究结果表明:铸态Zn-Cu-Mg-Al-RE锌合金中主要含有纯Zn相、Mg2Zn11相和Cu4Zn相(ε相),且晶间有不连续分布的块状稀土化合物,该稀土化合物性脆易断,有利于提高合金的切削性能;挤压态合金的晶界不明显,稀土化合物消失,基体组织发生再结晶;热处理后,合金发生二次再结晶,晶粒细化,ε相大量析出,强度和塑性均有所提高;与铸态相比,挤压态及热处理态Zn-Cu-Mg-Al-RE合金的切削性能略有下降;铸态Zn-Cu-Mg-Al-RE合金的切削性能已接近HPb59-1黄铜的切削性能。

Nd对锌电积用Pb-Ag合金阳极性能的影响

采用恒流极化、失重法和抗拉强度测试研究不同含量Nd的加入对锌电积用铅银合金阳极主要性能(稳定阳极电位、耐腐蚀性能及力学性能)的影响,并在此基础上采用循环伏安(CV)和计时电位(CP)等电化学手段对恒流极化条件下Nd的作用机理进行研究。结果表明:0.03%Nd(质量分数)加入可以将Pb-Ag合金的抗拉强度提高21.8%;锌电积条件下,铅阳极表面腐蚀膜主要成分为PbO2及PbSO4,Nd加入可以抑制PbSO4的形成,从而明显降低阳极腐蚀速率;由于Nd能降低析氧过电位,且对高阻抗PbSO4的生成具有抑制作用,使得Pb-Ag合金的阳极电位亦有一定程度的下降。Nd对锌电积阳极主要性能均有较大程度的改进作用,是很好的锌电积阳极改性剂,具有较好的工业应用前景。

稀土在铅基合金中的应用

研究稀土对铅基合金机械性能、耐腐蚀性能和电化学性能的影响。结果表明 ,Pb Ca Sr Ag ( 0 2 7%Ag)合金中添加0 0 3 %RE ,银含量由 0 2 7%降为 0 13 5 % ,析氧过电位降低约 10 0mV。用该合金作锌电解用阳极板 ,可满足锌电解阳极板对合金材料的硬度和耐蚀性要求 ,降低锌电解的槽电压 。

镧对锌铝合金显微组织和力学性能的影响

采用微合金化方法研究了微量稀土元素镧对锌铝合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。研究结果表明,稀土与合金熔液中的锌和铝反应生成的细小稀土化合物可作为α-Al相的有效异质形核核心,适量的稀土元素镧能阻碍初生η-Zn相枝晶的生长,细化锌铝合金的显微组织;适量的稀土元素使锌铝合金的抗拉强度和伸长率明显提高,稀土镧元素的最佳加入量为0.05%,此时锌铝合金具有较好的综合力学性能。

La对高铝锌合金组织和性能的影响

在高铝锌合金中加入不同量的稀土La浇注合金试样,通过微观金相组织分析和力学性能分析,研究了微量稀土元素La对进一步改善锌铝合金组织、提高性能及作用机理。试验结果表明:La加入量在0.1%时,能够细化锌铝铸造合金的组织,改善高铝锌合金的力学性能,合金的拉伸强度、伸长率和硬度都有一定的提高;La的加入量过多时,La以块状的富La稀土相析出;La加入量在0.4%左右时,能够显著消除合金的底缩。

锌合金切削性能的研究

对自行配制的6种不同成分的锌合金铸锭进行了切削性能试验。结果表明,少量的合金元素对提高锌的切削性能作用不明显;加入5%以上的Cu、Mg、A l、Fe等合金元素可明显提高锌合金的硬度,并使其切削性能得到一定改善;加入适量的稀土元素可明显改善锌合金的切削加工性能。

稀土及杂质元素对ZA27合金晶间腐蚀的影响

为了从本质上了解杂质与稀土元素对锌铝合金晶间腐蚀的影响 ,探索抑制合金晶间腐蚀的有效途径 ,依据晶界的大角度重位点阵理论编制出相应计算机软件 ,建立含稀土、杂质及 η相颗粒的α相大角度晶界原子集团模型 ,采用递归法计算了α相晶界间的电荷转移 ,由此讨论了杂质 (Pb、Sn、Cd)及稀土元素 (La、Y)对Zn、Al电极电位的影响 .结果表明 ,杂质Pb、Sn、Cd增大原子间的电荷转移量 ,提高Zn、Al电极电位差 ,加速合金的腐蚀 ,稀土元素减小原子间的电荷转移量 ,降低Zn、Al电极电位差 ,具有抑制晶间腐蚀的作用 .

稀土在电沉积锌—镍合金中的作用

Zinc Nickel electrodepositing process and corrosion resistance of Zinc Nickel obtained in a chloride bath with or without rare earth compounds are investigated.The experimental results show that the process of Zinc Nickel alloy belongs to "anomalous codeposition" and the nickel content (mass percent) of Zinc Nickel alloy coating is about 13%.When a small amount of rare earth compounds are added to the bath,the cathodic polarization of the electrodepositing process is increased,the alloy coatings gained from the bath become more close in structure and more fine in crystal and the corrosion resistance is also improved.

稀土氧化物对高铝锌基合金力学性能的影响

采用颗粒增强法提高高铝锌基合金的性能,研究了稀土氧化物对高铝锌基合金的室温及高温力学性能的影响,并利用扫描电镜观察了锌铝合金的显微组织及断口形貌。结果表明,稀土氧化物对合金起到弥散强化作用,强度提高33%,硬度提高30%,高温强度有所改善,伸长率降低。

稀土变质ZA-27合金的组织和性能

通过采用Al-10%R_E中间合金对ZA-27合金液进行变质处理,结果表明,稀土元素能细化台金的晶粒,改变组织的分布状态,稍许提高合金的强度,而塑性、韧性和耐磨性有较大幅度提高。在合金中添加稀土量大于0.1%后,形成(R_E、Cu)A1_4Zn_7化合物,利于耐磨性的提高,但使强度、塑性和韧性下降。

高铝锌合金微量元素合金化的组织和性能

本文叙述了RE、B—Ti、RE—B—Ti变质处理对ZA—27合金组织和性能的影响。结果表明,几种变质剂均能显著细比ZA—27的组织,改变组织形貌及分布状态。与未变质的ZA—27相比,在适量添加变质剂的情况下,强度稍有改善,塑性、韧性及耐磨性有较大幅度的提高。RE—B—Ti复合变质的效果最好。合金中添加一定量RE(>0.10％)后,形成(RE、Cu)Al_4Zn_7化合物,利于耐磨性的提高,但强度、塑性和韧性下降。