Stigma color is a critical agronomic trait in watermelon that plays an important role in pollination.However,there are few reports on the regulation of stigma color in watermelon.In this study,a genetic analysis of th...Stigma color is a critical agronomic trait in watermelon that plays an important role in pollination.However,there are few reports on the regulation of stigma color in watermelon.In this study,a genetic analysis of the F2 population derived from ZXG1553(P1,with orange stigma)and W1-17(P2,with yellow stigma)indicated that stigma color is a quantitative trait and the orange stigma is recessive compared with the yellow stigma.Bulk segregant analysis sequencing(BSA-seq)revealed a 3.75 Mb segment on chromosome 6 that is related to stigma color.Also,a major stable effective QTL Clqsc6.1(QTL stigma color)was detected in two years between cleaved amplified polymorphic sequencing(CAPS)markers Chr06_8338913 and Chr06_9344593 spanning a~1.01 Mb interval that harbors 51 annotated genes.Cla97C06G117020(annotated as zinc finger protein CONSTANS-LIKE 4)was identified as the best candidate gene for the stigma color trait through RNA-seq,quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR),and gene structure alignment analysis among the natural watermelon panel.The expression level of Cla97C06G117020 in the orange stigma accession was lower than in the yellow stigma accessions with a significant difference.A nonsynonymous SNP site of the Cla97C06G117020 coding region that causes amino acid variation was related to the stigma color variation among nine watermelon accessions according to their re-sequencing data.Stigma color formation is often related to carotenoids,and we also found that the expression trend of ClCHYB(annotated asβ-carotene hydroxylase)in the carotenoid metabolic pathway was consistent with Cla97C06G117020,and it was expressed in low amounts in the orange stigma accession.These data indicated that Cla97C06G117020 and ClCHYB may interact to form the stigma color.This study provides a theoretical basis for gene fine mapping and mechanisms for the regulation of stigma color in watermelon.展开更多
Objective:Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a prevalent malignancy with poor survival.Different cell types in the tumor microenvironment participate in the tumorigenesis and progression of HCC.This study aimed to analyz...Objective:Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a prevalent malignancy with poor survival.Different cell types in the tumor microenvironment participate in the tumorigenesis and progression of HCC.This study aimed to analyze the immune microenvironment of HCC and its relationship with clinical outcomes.Methods:We analyzed HCC RNA-seq for cell type identification and prognosis by estimating relative subsets of RNA transcripts using CIBERSORTx.The interaction between B cells and macrophages in HCC was analyzed using a Hepa1-6 orthotopic transplantation mouse model and flow cytometry.The effect of Zinc finger protein 296(ZNF296)on the interaction of B cells and macrophages was verified using human HCC tissues analyzed through western blot,quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qPCR),and multiplex immunofluorescence.A comparative analysis of immune cells associated with HCC prognosis was performed using RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA),bulk multimodal data,and single-cell transcriptomic data from existing HCC single-cell transcriptomic data employing the Single Cell Inferred Site Specific Omics Resource for Tumor Microenvironments(SCISSOR).Results:Liver hepatocellular carcinoma(LIHC)RNA-seq analysis of TCGA showed that high eosinophil infiltration promoted HCC progression.The proportion of B cells correlated with that of macrophages(r=−0.24)and affected the infiltration and programmed death ligand 1(PD-L1)expression of macrophages in HCC.ZNF296 may participate in the interaction between B cells and macrophages to accelerate the HCC progression by regulating PAFAH1B3 and H2AFX.Moreover,ZNF296 expression positively correlated with LAG3(r=0.27)and CTLA4(r=0.31)expression levels.Among the immune cell phenotypes related to survival and death identified by SCISSOR analysis,T cells correlated with an excellent prognosis of HCC.The normal function of liver and dendritic cells was also associated with a good prognosis in HCC.Conclusions:This study analyzed the interaction of the immune microenvironment with HCC prognosis,identifying ZNF296 as a promising diagnostic and therapeutic target for HCC.展开更多
AIM： To investigate the effect of zinc finger protein A20 on chronic liver allograft dysfunction in rats. METHODS： AIIogeneic liver transplantation from DA rats to Lewis rats was performed. Chronic liver allograft d...AIM： To investigate the effect of zinc finger protein A20 on chronic liver allograft dysfunction in rats. METHODS： AIIogeneic liver transplantation from DA rats to Lewis rats was performed. Chronic liver allograft dysfunction was induced in the rats by administering low-dose tacrolimus at postoperative day （POD） 5. Hepatic overexpression of A20 was achieved by recom- binant adenovirus （rAd.）-mediated gene transfer ad- ministered intravenously every 10 d starting from POD 10. The recipient rats were injected with physiologi- cal saline, rAdEasy-A20 （1 × 109 pfu/30 g weight） or rAdEasy （1 × 109 pfu/30 g weight） every 10 d through the tail vein for 3 mo starting from POD 10. Liver tissue samples were harvested on POD 30 and POD 60. RESULTS： Liver-transplanted rats treated with only tacrolimus showed chronic allograft dysfunction with severe hepatic fibrosis. A20 overexpression ameliorated the effects on liver function, attenuated liver allograft fibrosis and prolonged the survival of the recipient rats. Treatment with A20 suppressed hepatic protein pro- duction of tumor growth factor （TGF）-β1, interleukin- 113, caspase-8, CD40, CD40L, intercellular adhesion molecule-i, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and E-selectin. A20 treatment suppressed liver cell apopto- sis and inhibited nuclear factor-KB activation of Kupffer cells （KCs）, liver sinusoidal endothelial cells （LSECs） and hepatic stellate cells （HSCs）, and it subsequently decreased cytokine mRNA expression in KCs and LSECs and reduced the production of TGF-β1 in HSCs. CONCLUSION： A20 might prevent chronic liver allogra- ft dysfunction by re-establishing functional homeostasis of KCs, LSECs and HSCs.展开更多
Zinc finger protein（ZFP） genes comprise a large and diverse gene family, and are involved in biotic and abiotic stress responses in plants. In this study, a total of 126 ZFP genes classified into various types in wh...Zinc finger protein（ZFP） genes comprise a large and diverse gene family, and are involved in biotic and abiotic stress responses in plants. In this study, a total of 126 ZFP genes classified into various types in wheat were characterized and subjected to expression pattern analysis under inorganic phosphate（Pi） deprivation. The wheat ZFP genes and their corresponding GenBank numbers were obtained from the information of a 4×44K wheat gene expression microarray chip. They were confirmed by sequence similarity analysis and named based on their homologs in Brachypodium distachyon or Oriza sativa. Expression analysis based on the microarray chip revealed that these ZFP genes are categorized into 11 classes according to their gene expression patterns in a 24-h of Pi deprivation regime. Among them, ten genes were differentially up-regulated, ten genes differentially downregulated, and two genes both differentially up- and down-regulated by Pi deprivation. The differentially up- or down-regulated genes exhibited significantly more or less transcripts at one, two, or all of the checking time points（1, 6, and 24 h） of Pi stress in comparison with those of normal growth, respectively. The both differentially up- and down-regulated genes exhibited contrasting expression patterns, of these, TaWRKY70;5 showed significantly up-regulated at 1 and 6 h and down-regulated at 24 h whereas TaAN1AN20-8;2 displayed significantly upregulated at 1 h and downregulated at 6 h under deprivation Pi condition. Real time PCR analysis confirmed the expression patterns of the differentially expressed genes obtained by the microarray chip. Our results indicate that numerous ZFP genes in wheat respond to Pi deprivation and have provided further insight into the molecular basis that plants respond to Pi deprivation mediated by the ZFP gene family.展开更多
Objective: To study the synthesis of heat shock pro- tein 70 (HSP70) by zinc ( ZnSO_4) and its protective effect during cold preservation in rat liver by estab- lishment of a simple cold preservation model. Methods: W...Objective: To study the synthesis of heat shock pro- tein 70 (HSP70) by zinc ( ZnSO_4) and its protective effect during cold preservation in rat liver by estab- lishment of a simple cold preservation model. Methods: Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups (n =6): control group untreated before operation; Zn- 1, Zn-2, and Zn-3 groups treated before operation with zinc sulfate (Zn^(2+) 5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, 15 mg/ kg respectively); H group treated with heat shock (42.5 ℃×15 min). The livers of the rats were pre- served in UW solution for 6, 12, 24 hours. The re- sults of heat shock protein (HSP) synthesis were ana- lyzed with Western blot. The aspartate aminotrans- ferase (AST) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) values of perfusion and histological findings were evaluated. Results: A great amount of HSPs was synthesized af- ter pretreatment with zinc and heat shock. The AST and LDH values of the Zn-1, Zn-2 and H groups were significantly lower than those of the C group (P <0.05). But the value of the Zn-3 group was much higher. Histologically, mild injury was observed in the Zn-1, Zn-2 and H groups, but severe injury in the Zn-3 group. Conclusions: Zn^(2+), as a potent and feasible inducer of HSP expression, is able to protect the liver for cold preservation. Proper induction dosage of Zn^(2+) ranges from 5 mg/kg to 10 mg/kg, and Zn^(2+) 15 mg/ kg could not be a stress conditioning factor for its ad- verse effect on rat liver.展开更多
The zinc finger proteins belong to the largest family of transcription factors.But there is little research of Cys2/His2 type zinc finger proteins in cotton,and there is no submission of correlating
Highly oriented calcium carbonate lamellas are exquisite structure produced by biomineralization. Strategies mimicking nature have been developed to synthesize inorganic materials with excellent structures and optimal...Highly oriented calcium carbonate lamellas are exquisite structure produced by biomineralization. Strategies mimicking nature have been developed to synthesize inorganic materials with excellent structures and optimal properties. In our strategy, egg white protein and zinc ion were employed in the solution to induce the crystallization of calcium carbonate, resulting in the macroscopic aragonite laminate with an average length of 1.5 mm, which was comprised of single-crystalline tablets. During the crystallization at initial stage, it was found that the particles displayed the characteristics of amorphous calcium carbonate, which was then transformed into the sophisticated structured aragonite through a multistage assembly process. The rebuilt nacre structure in vitro was achieved owing to the synergistic effects of egg white protein and zinc ion.展开更多
Deposition of protein and metal ions （Fe, Zn） in rice grains is a complex polygenic trait showing considerable environmental effect. To analyze the effect of nitrogen application levels and native soil properties on...Deposition of protein and metal ions （Fe, Zn） in rice grains is a complex polygenic trait showing considerable environmental effect. To analyze the effect of nitrogen application levels and native soil properties on rice grain protein, iron （Fe） and zinc （Zn） contents, 32 rice genotypes were grown at three different locations each under 80 and 120 kg/hm2 nitrogen fertilizer applications. In treatments with nitrogen fertilizer application, the brown rice grain protein content （GPC） increased significantly （1.1% to 7.0%） under higher nitrogen fertilizer application （120 kg/hm2） whereas grain Fe/Zn contents showed non-significant effect of nitrogen application level, thus suggesting that the rate of uptake and translocation of macro-elements does not influence the uptake and translocation of micro-elements. The pH, organic matter content and inherent Fe/Zn levels of native soil showed significant effects on grain Fe and Zn contents of all the rice genotypes. Grain Zn content of almost all the tested rice genotypes was found to increase at Location III having loamy soil texture, neutral pH value （pH 6.83） and higher organic matter content than the other two locations （Locations I and II）, indicating significant influence of native soil properties on brown rice grain Zn content while grain Fe content showed significant genotype × environment interaction effect. Genotypic difference was found to be the most significant factor to affect grain Fe/Zn contents in all the tested rice genotypes, indicating that although native soil properties influence phyto-availability of micronutrients and consequently influencing absorption, translocation and grain deposition of Fe/Zn ions, yet genetic makeup of a plant determines its response to varied soil conditions and other external factors. Two indica rice genotypes R-RF-31 （27.62 μg/g grain Zn content and 7.80% GPC） and R1033-968-2-1 （30.05 μg/g grain Zn content and 8.47% GPC） were identified as high grain Zn and moderate GPC rice genotypes. These results indicate that soil property and organic matter content increase the availability of Fe and Zn in rhizosphere, which in turn enhances the uptake, translocation and redistribution of Fe/Zn into rice grains.展开更多
The zinc finger motif was used as a vehicle for the initial discovery of Ikaros in the context of T-cell differentiation and has been central to all subsequent analyses of Ikaros function.The Ikaros gene is alternatel...The zinc finger motif was used as a vehicle for the initial discovery of Ikaros in the context of T-cell differentiation and has been central to all subsequent analyses of Ikaros function.The Ikaros gene is alternately spliced to produce several isoforms that confer diversity of function and consequently have complicated analysis of the function of Ikaros in vivo.Key features of Ikaros in vivo function are associated with six C2H2 zinc fingers;four of which are alternately incorporated in the production of the various Ikaros isoforms.Although no complete structures are available for the Ikaros protein or any of its family members,considerable evidence has accumulated about the structure of zinc fingers and the role that this structure plays in the functions of the Ikaros family of proteins.This review summarizes the structural aspects of Ikaros zinc fingers,individually,and in tandem to provide a structural context for Ikaros function and to provide a structural basis to inform the design of future experiments with Ikaros and its family members.展开更多
The main active components of ginseng are ginsenosides,which play significant roles in treating cardiovascular diseases,cancer,and providing antioxidant effects.Ginsenosides are primarily synthesized through the mevalo...The main active components of ginseng are ginsenosides,which play significant roles in treating cardiovascular diseases,cancer,and providing antioxidant effects.Ginsenosides are primarily synthesized through the mevalo-nate pathway and the methylerythritol phosphate pathway.Many key enzyme genes involved in this biosynthetic process have been cloned and validated,yet the regulatory functions of transcription factors remain unclear.The C_(2)H_(2)-type zincfinger protein family,one of the largest families of transcription factors,is crucial in plant growth and development,response to biotic and abiotic stresses,and regulation of secondary metabolism.This study,based on the ginseng transcriptome database from Jilin,conducted a correlation analysis between the expression levels of PgZFPs genes in the Jilin ginseng C_(2)H_(2)-type zincfinger protein family and ginsenoside content,a gen-ome-wide association study of PgZFPs,and co-expression analysis of PgZFPs with validated key enzyme genes.Ultimately,five candidate genes involved in ginsenoside biosynthesis were identified.The involvement of PgZFP27 and PgZFP-59-02 genes from the PgZFPs family in the biosynthesis of ginsenosides was validated through in vitro methyl jasmonate(MeJA)induction experiments.This result provides new genetic resources for the biosynthesis of ginsenosides.展开更多
Plant cellulose synthases (CesAs) are the key enzymes necessary for cellulose biosynthesis. In Arabidopsis, two distinct groups of three CesAs each are necessary for cellulose synthesis during primary and secondary ce...Plant cellulose synthases (CesAs) are the key enzymes necessary for cellulose biosynthesis. In Arabidopsis, two distinct groups of three CesAs each are necessary for cellulose synthesis during primary and secondary cell wall formation. It has also been suggested that such three CesAs interact with each other to form plasma-membrane bound rosette complexes that are functional during cellulose production. However, in vivo demonstration of such assemblies of three CesAs into rosettes has not been possible. We used yeast two-hybrid assays to demonstrate the possible interactions among several CesAs from Arabidopsis and aspen via their N-terminal zinc-binding domains (ZnBDs). While strong positive interactions were detected among ZnBDs from secondary wall associated CesAs of both Arabidopsis and aspen, the intergeneric interactions between Arabidopsis and aspen CesAs were weak. Moreover, in aspen, three primary wall associated CesA ZnBDs positively interacted with each other as well as with secondary CesAs. These results suggest that ZnBDs from either primary or secondary CesAs, and even from different plant species could interact but are perhaps insufficient for specificities of such interactions among CesAs. These observations suggest that some other more specific interacting regions might exist within CesAs. It is also possible that some hitherto unknown mechanism exists in plants for assembling the rosette complexes with different compositions of CesAs. Understanding how cellulose is synthesized will have a direct impact on utilization of lignocellulosic biomass for bioenergy production.展开更多
The Ikaros gene encodes a zinc finger,DNA-binding protein that regulates gene transcription and chromatin remodeling.Ikaros is a master regulator of hematopoiesis and an established tumor suppressor.Moderate alteratio...The Ikaros gene encodes a zinc finger,DNA-binding protein that regulates gene transcription and chromatin remodeling.Ikaros is a master regulator of hematopoiesis and an established tumor suppressor.Moderate alteration of Ikaros activity (e.g.haploinsufficiency) appears to be sufficient to promote malignant transformation in human hematopoietic cells.This raises questions about the mechanisms that normally regulate Ikaros function and the potential of these mechanisms to contribute to the development of leukemia.The focus of this review is the regulation of Ikaros function by phosphorylation/dephosphorylation.Site-specific phosphorylation of Ikaros by casein kinase 2 (CK2) controls Ikaros DNA-binding ability and subcellular localization.As a consequence,the ability of Ikaros to regulate cell cycle progression,chromatin remodeling,target gene expression,and thymocyte differentiation are controlled by CK2.In addition,hyperphosphorylation of Ikaros by CK2 leads to decreased Ikaros levels due to ubiquitinmediated degradation.Dephosphorylation of Ikaros by protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) acts in opposition to CK2 to increase Ikaros stability and restore Ikaros DNA binding ability and pericentromeric localization.Thus,the CK2 and PP1 pathways act in concert to regulate Ikaros activity in hematopoiesis and as a tumor suppressor.This highlights the importance of these signal transduction pathways as potential mediators of leukemogenesis via their role in regulating the activities of Ikaros.展开更多
基金supported by fundings from the Natural Science Funds for Outstanding Youth of Heilongjiang Province,China(YQ2022C011)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32172577)+2 种基金the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA,China(CARS-25)the Taishan Industrial Leading Talents Project,China(LJNY202112)the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province,China(LH2022C025).
文摘Stigma color is a critical agronomic trait in watermelon that plays an important role in pollination.However,there are few reports on the regulation of stigma color in watermelon.In this study,a genetic analysis of the F2 population derived from ZXG1553(P1,with orange stigma)and W1-17(P2,with yellow stigma)indicated that stigma color is a quantitative trait and the orange stigma is recessive compared with the yellow stigma.Bulk segregant analysis sequencing(BSA-seq)revealed a 3.75 Mb segment on chromosome 6 that is related to stigma color.Also,a major stable effective QTL Clqsc6.1(QTL stigma color)was detected in two years between cleaved amplified polymorphic sequencing(CAPS)markers Chr06_8338913 and Chr06_9344593 spanning a~1.01 Mb interval that harbors 51 annotated genes.Cla97C06G117020(annotated as zinc finger protein CONSTANS-LIKE 4)was identified as the best candidate gene for the stigma color trait through RNA-seq,quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR),and gene structure alignment analysis among the natural watermelon panel.The expression level of Cla97C06G117020 in the orange stigma accession was lower than in the yellow stigma accessions with a significant difference.A nonsynonymous SNP site of the Cla97C06G117020 coding region that causes amino acid variation was related to the stigma color variation among nine watermelon accessions according to their re-sequencing data.Stigma color formation is often related to carotenoids,and we also found that the expression trend of ClCHYB(annotated asβ-carotene hydroxylase)in the carotenoid metabolic pathway was consistent with Cla97C06G117020,and it was expressed in low amounts in the orange stigma accession.These data indicated that Cla97C06G117020 and ClCHYB may interact to form the stigma color.This study provides a theoretical basis for gene fine mapping and mechanisms for the regulation of stigma color in watermelon.
基金the Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81930016)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.92159202 and No.82273177)+1 种基金Key Research and Development Plan of Zhejiang Province(No.2021C03118 and No.2022C03108)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LQ20H160029).
文摘Objective:Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a prevalent malignancy with poor survival.Different cell types in the tumor microenvironment participate in the tumorigenesis and progression of HCC.This study aimed to analyze the immune microenvironment of HCC and its relationship with clinical outcomes.Methods:We analyzed HCC RNA-seq for cell type identification and prognosis by estimating relative subsets of RNA transcripts using CIBERSORTx.The interaction between B cells and macrophages in HCC was analyzed using a Hepa1-6 orthotopic transplantation mouse model and flow cytometry.The effect of Zinc finger protein 296(ZNF296)on the interaction of B cells and macrophages was verified using human HCC tissues analyzed through western blot,quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qPCR),and multiplex immunofluorescence.A comparative analysis of immune cells associated with HCC prognosis was performed using RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA),bulk multimodal data,and single-cell transcriptomic data from existing HCC single-cell transcriptomic data employing the Single Cell Inferred Site Specific Omics Resource for Tumor Microenvironments(SCISSOR).Results:Liver hepatocellular carcinoma(LIHC)RNA-seq analysis of TCGA showed that high eosinophil infiltration promoted HCC progression.The proportion of B cells correlated with that of macrophages(r=−0.24)and affected the infiltration and programmed death ligand 1(PD-L1)expression of macrophages in HCC.ZNF296 may participate in the interaction between B cells and macrophages to accelerate the HCC progression by regulating PAFAH1B3 and H2AFX.Moreover,ZNF296 expression positively correlated with LAG3(r=0.27)and CTLA4(r=0.31)expression levels.Among the immune cell phenotypes related to survival and death identified by SCISSOR analysis,T cells correlated with an excellent prognosis of HCC.The normal function of liver and dendritic cells was also associated with a good prognosis in HCC.Conclusions:This study analyzed the interaction of the immune microenvironment with HCC prognosis,identifying ZNF296 as a promising diagnostic and therapeutic target for HCC.
基金Supported by The National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.30872529the PhD Program Fund of the Ministry of Education of China,No.20030610078the Chinese Postdoctoral Science Foundation,No.2003033531
文摘AIM： To investigate the effect of zinc finger protein A20 on chronic liver allograft dysfunction in rats. METHODS： AIIogeneic liver transplantation from DA rats to Lewis rats was performed. Chronic liver allograft dysfunction was induced in the rats by administering low-dose tacrolimus at postoperative day （POD） 5. Hepatic overexpression of A20 was achieved by recom- binant adenovirus （rAd.）-mediated gene transfer ad- ministered intravenously every 10 d starting from POD 10. The recipient rats were injected with physiologi- cal saline, rAdEasy-A20 （1 × 109 pfu/30 g weight） or rAdEasy （1 × 109 pfu/30 g weight） every 10 d through the tail vein for 3 mo starting from POD 10. Liver tissue samples were harvested on POD 30 and POD 60. RESULTS： Liver-transplanted rats treated with only tacrolimus showed chronic allograft dysfunction with severe hepatic fibrosis. A20 overexpression ameliorated the effects on liver function, attenuated liver allograft fibrosis and prolonged the survival of the recipient rats. Treatment with A20 suppressed hepatic protein pro- duction of tumor growth factor （TGF）-β1, interleukin- 113, caspase-8, CD40, CD40L, intercellular adhesion molecule-i, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and E-selectin. A20 treatment suppressed liver cell apopto- sis and inhibited nuclear factor-KB activation of Kupffer cells （KCs）, liver sinusoidal endothelial cells （LSECs） and hepatic stellate cells （HSCs）, and it subsequently decreased cytokine mRNA expression in KCs and LSECs and reduced the production of TGF-β1 in HSCs. CONCLUSION： A20 might prevent chronic liver allogra- ft dysfunction by re-establishing functional homeostasis of KCs, LSECs and HSCs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31201674 and 31371618)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province, China (C2011204031)the Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, China
文摘Zinc finger protein（ZFP） genes comprise a large and diverse gene family, and are involved in biotic and abiotic stress responses in plants. In this study, a total of 126 ZFP genes classified into various types in wheat were characterized and subjected to expression pattern analysis under inorganic phosphate（Pi） deprivation. The wheat ZFP genes and their corresponding GenBank numbers were obtained from the information of a 4×44K wheat gene expression microarray chip. They were confirmed by sequence similarity analysis and named based on their homologs in Brachypodium distachyon or Oriza sativa. Expression analysis based on the microarray chip revealed that these ZFP genes are categorized into 11 classes according to their gene expression patterns in a 24-h of Pi deprivation regime. Among them, ten genes were differentially up-regulated, ten genes differentially downregulated, and two genes both differentially up- and down-regulated by Pi deprivation. The differentially up- or down-regulated genes exhibited significantly more or less transcripts at one, two, or all of the checking time points（1, 6, and 24 h） of Pi stress in comparison with those of normal growth, respectively. The both differentially up- and down-regulated genes exhibited contrasting expression patterns, of these, TaWRKY70;5 showed significantly up-regulated at 1 and 6 h and down-regulated at 24 h whereas TaAN1AN20-8;2 displayed significantly upregulated at 1 h and downregulated at 6 h under deprivation Pi condition. Real time PCR analysis confirmed the expression patterns of the differentially expressed genes obtained by the microarray chip. Our results indicate that numerous ZFP genes in wheat respond to Pi deprivation and have provided further insight into the molecular basis that plants respond to Pi deprivation mediated by the ZFP gene family.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81072033 and No.81372580Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province,No.C2010000619+1 种基金Extra Characteristic Foundation of Colleges and Universities in Hebei Province,No.[2005]52the Health Department of Hebei Province,No.20110460
文摘AIM: To investigate the expression of zinc finger protein 139 (ZNF139) in gastric cancer (GC), and to analyze its clinical significance.
文摘Objective: To study the synthesis of heat shock pro- tein 70 (HSP70) by zinc ( ZnSO_4) and its protective effect during cold preservation in rat liver by estab- lishment of a simple cold preservation model. Methods: Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups (n =6): control group untreated before operation; Zn- 1, Zn-2, and Zn-3 groups treated before operation with zinc sulfate (Zn^(2+) 5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, 15 mg/ kg respectively); H group treated with heat shock (42.5 ℃×15 min). The livers of the rats were pre- served in UW solution for 6, 12, 24 hours. The re- sults of heat shock protein (HSP) synthesis were ana- lyzed with Western blot. The aspartate aminotrans- ferase (AST) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) values of perfusion and histological findings were evaluated. Results: A great amount of HSPs was synthesized af- ter pretreatment with zinc and heat shock. The AST and LDH values of the Zn-1, Zn-2 and H groups were significantly lower than those of the C group (P <0.05). But the value of the Zn-3 group was much higher. Histologically, mild injury was observed in the Zn-1, Zn-2 and H groups, but severe injury in the Zn-3 group. Conclusions: Zn^(2+), as a potent and feasible inducer of HSP expression, is able to protect the liver for cold preservation. Proper induction dosage of Zn^(2+) ranges from 5 mg/kg to 10 mg/kg, and Zn^(2+) 15 mg/ kg could not be a stress conditioning factor for its ad- verse effect on rat liver.
文摘The zinc finger proteins belong to the largest family of transcription factors.But there is little research of Cys2/His2 type zinc finger proteins in cotton,and there is no submission of correlating
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51161140399)
文摘Highly oriented calcium carbonate lamellas are exquisite structure produced by biomineralization. Strategies mimicking nature have been developed to synthesize inorganic materials with excellent structures and optimal properties. In our strategy, egg white protein and zinc ion were employed in the solution to induce the crystallization of calcium carbonate, resulting in the macroscopic aragonite laminate with an average length of 1.5 mm, which was comprised of single-crystalline tablets. During the crystallization at initial stage, it was found that the particles displayed the characteristics of amorphous calcium carbonate, which was then transformed into the sophisticated structured aragonite through a multistage assembly process. The rebuilt nacre structure in vitro was achieved owing to the synergistic effects of egg white protein and zinc ion.
文摘Deposition of protein and metal ions （Fe, Zn） in rice grains is a complex polygenic trait showing considerable environmental effect. To analyze the effect of nitrogen application levels and native soil properties on rice grain protein, iron （Fe） and zinc （Zn） contents, 32 rice genotypes were grown at three different locations each under 80 and 120 kg/hm2 nitrogen fertilizer applications. In treatments with nitrogen fertilizer application, the brown rice grain protein content （GPC） increased significantly （1.1% to 7.0%） under higher nitrogen fertilizer application （120 kg/hm2） whereas grain Fe/Zn contents showed non-significant effect of nitrogen application level, thus suggesting that the rate of uptake and translocation of macro-elements does not influence the uptake and translocation of micro-elements. The pH, organic matter content and inherent Fe/Zn levels of native soil showed significant effects on grain Fe and Zn contents of all the rice genotypes. Grain Zn content of almost all the tested rice genotypes was found to increase at Location III having loamy soil texture, neutral pH value （pH 6.83） and higher organic matter content than the other two locations （Locations I and II）, indicating significant influence of native soil properties on brown rice grain Zn content while grain Fe content showed significant genotype × environment interaction effect. Genotypic difference was found to be the most significant factor to affect grain Fe/Zn contents in all the tested rice genotypes, indicating that although native soil properties influence phyto-availability of micronutrients and consequently influencing absorption, translocation and grain deposition of Fe/Zn ions, yet genetic makeup of a plant determines its response to varied soil conditions and other external factors. Two indica rice genotypes R-RF-31 （27.62 μg/g grain Zn content and 7.80% GPC） and R1033-968-2-1 （30.05 μg/g grain Zn content and 8.47% GPC） were identified as high grain Zn and moderate GPC rice genotypes. These results indicate that soil property and organic matter content increase the availability of Fe and Zn in rhizosphere, which in turn enhances the uptake, translocation and redistribution of Fe/Zn into rice grains.
文摘The zinc finger motif was used as a vehicle for the initial discovery of Ikaros in the context of T-cell differentiation and has been central to all subsequent analyses of Ikaros function.The Ikaros gene is alternately spliced to produce several isoforms that confer diversity of function and consequently have complicated analysis of the function of Ikaros in vivo.Key features of Ikaros in vivo function are associated with six C2H2 zinc fingers;four of which are alternately incorporated in the production of the various Ikaros isoforms.Although no complete structures are available for the Ikaros protein or any of its family members,considerable evidence has accumulated about the structure of zinc fingers and the role that this structure plays in the functions of the Ikaros family of proteins.This review summarizes the structural aspects of Ikaros zinc fingers,individually,and in tandem to provide a structural context for Ikaros function and to provide a structural basis to inform the design of future experiments with Ikaros and its family members.
基金This work was supported by the Department of Science and Technology of Jilin Province(20240101227JC,20210402043GH,20200801063GH,20190201264JC,20190103104JH,20180414077GH,and 20180101027JC)the Development and Reform Commission of Jilin Province(2016C064 and 2018C047-3).
文摘The main active components of ginseng are ginsenosides,which play significant roles in treating cardiovascular diseases,cancer,and providing antioxidant effects.Ginsenosides are primarily synthesized through the mevalo-nate pathway and the methylerythritol phosphate pathway.Many key enzyme genes involved in this biosynthetic process have been cloned and validated,yet the regulatory functions of transcription factors remain unclear.The C_(2)H_(2)-type zincfinger protein family,one of the largest families of transcription factors,is crucial in plant growth and development,response to biotic and abiotic stresses,and regulation of secondary metabolism.This study,based on the ginseng transcriptome database from Jilin,conducted a correlation analysis between the expression levels of PgZFPs genes in the Jilin ginseng C_(2)H_(2)-type zincfinger protein family and ginsenoside content,a gen-ome-wide association study of PgZFPs,and co-expression analysis of PgZFPs with validated key enzyme genes.Ultimately,five candidate genes involved in ginsenoside biosynthesis were identified.The involvement of PgZFP27 and PgZFP-59-02 genes from the PgZFPs family in the biosynthesis of ginsenosides was validated through in vitro methyl jasmonate(MeJA)induction experiments.This result provides new genetic resources for the biosynthesis of ginsenosides.
文摘Plant cellulose synthases (CesAs) are the key enzymes necessary for cellulose biosynthesis. In Arabidopsis, two distinct groups of three CesAs each are necessary for cellulose synthesis during primary and secondary cell wall formation. It has also been suggested that such three CesAs interact with each other to form plasma-membrane bound rosette complexes that are functional during cellulose production. However, in vivo demonstration of such assemblies of three CesAs into rosettes has not been possible. We used yeast two-hybrid assays to demonstrate the possible interactions among several CesAs from Arabidopsis and aspen via their N-terminal zinc-binding domains (ZnBDs). While strong positive interactions were detected among ZnBDs from secondary wall associated CesAs of both Arabidopsis and aspen, the intergeneric interactions between Arabidopsis and aspen CesAs were weak. Moreover, in aspen, three primary wall associated CesA ZnBDs positively interacted with each other as well as with secondary CesAs. These results suggest that ZnBDs from either primary or secondary CesAs, and even from different plant species could interact but are perhaps insufficient for specificities of such interactions among CesAs. These observations suggest that some other more specific interacting regions might exist within CesAs. It is also possible that some hitherto unknown mechanism exists in plants for assembling the rosette complexes with different compositions of CesAs. Understanding how cellulose is synthesized will have a direct impact on utilization of lignocellulosic biomass for bioenergy production.
基金Supported by (in part) An NIH R01 HL095120 grant,a St.Baldrick’s Foundation Career Development Award,the Four Diamonds Fund of the Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine,and the John Wawrynovic Leukemia Research Scholar Endowment (SD)
文摘The Ikaros gene encodes a zinc finger,DNA-binding protein that regulates gene transcription and chromatin remodeling.Ikaros is a master regulator of hematopoiesis and an established tumor suppressor.Moderate alteration of Ikaros activity (e.g.haploinsufficiency) appears to be sufficient to promote malignant transformation in human hematopoietic cells.This raises questions about the mechanisms that normally regulate Ikaros function and the potential of these mechanisms to contribute to the development of leukemia.The focus of this review is the regulation of Ikaros function by phosphorylation/dephosphorylation.Site-specific phosphorylation of Ikaros by casein kinase 2 (CK2) controls Ikaros DNA-binding ability and subcellular localization.As a consequence,the ability of Ikaros to regulate cell cycle progression,chromatin remodeling,target gene expression,and thymocyte differentiation are controlled by CK2.In addition,hyperphosphorylation of Ikaros by CK2 leads to decreased Ikaros levels due to ubiquitinmediated degradation.Dephosphorylation of Ikaros by protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) acts in opposition to CK2 to increase Ikaros stability and restore Ikaros DNA binding ability and pericentromeric localization.Thus,the CK2 and PP1 pathways act in concert to regulate Ikaros activity in hematopoiesis and as a tumor suppressor.This highlights the importance of these signal transduction pathways as potential mediators of leukemogenesis via their role in regulating the activities of Ikaros.
