Effects of psychological stress on small intestinal motility and bacteria and mucosa in mice

AIM: To investigate the effects of psychological stress on small intestinal motility and bacteria and mucosa in mice, and to explore the relationship between small intestinal dysfunction and small intestinal motility and bacteria and mucosa under psychological stress. METHODS: Sixty mice were randomly divided into psychological stress group and control group. Each group were subdivided into small intestinal motility group (n= 10), bacteria group (n = 10), and D-xylose administered to stomach group (n= 10). An animal model with psychological stress was established housing the mice with a hungry cat in separate layers of a two-layer cage. A semi-solid colored marker (carbon-ink) was used for monitoring small intestinal transit. The proximal small intestine was harvested under sterile condition and processed for quantitation for aerobes (Escherichia coli) and anaerobes (Lactobacilli). The quantitation of bacteria was expressed as Iog10(colony forming units/g). D-xylose levels in plasma were measured for estimating trie damage of small intestinal mucosa. RESULTS: Small intestinal transit was inhibited (39.80±9.50% vs 58.79±11.47%,P<0.01) in mice after psychological stress, compared with the controls. Psychological stress resulted in quantitative alterations in the aerobes (E.coli). There was an increase in the number of E coli in the proximal small intestinal flora (1.78±0.30 log10(CFU/g) vs 1.37±0.21 log10(CFU/g), P<0.01), and there was decrease in relative proportion of Lactobacilli and E.coli of stressed mice (0.53±0.63 vs 1.14±1.07,P<0.05), while there was no significant difference in the anaerobes (Lactobacilli) between the two groups (2.31±0.70 log10 (CFU/g) vs 2.44±0.37 log10(CFU/g), P>0.05). D-xylose concentrations in plasma in psychological stress mice were significantly higher than those in the control group (2.90±0.89 mmol/L vs 0.97±0.33 mmol/L, P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Small intestinal dysfunction under psychological stress may be related to the small intestinal motility disorder and dysbacteriosis and the damage of mucosa probably caused by psychological stress.

Effect of bowel rehabilitative therapy on structural adaptation of remnant small intestine: animal experiment

AIM: To investigate the individual and the combined effects of glutamine, dietary fiber, and growth hormone on the structural adaptation of the remnant small bowel. METHODS: Forty-two adult male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent 85% mid-small bowel resection and received total parenteral nutrition (TPN) support during the first three postoperational days.From the 4th postoperational day, animals were randomly assigned to receive 7 different treatments for 8 days: TPNcon group, receiving TPN and enteral 20 g x L(-1) glycine perfusion; TPN+Gln group, receiving TPN and enteral 20 g x L(-1) glutamine perfusion; ENcon group, receiving enteral nutrition (EN) fortified with 20 g x L(-1) glycine; EN+Gln group, enteral nutrition fortified with 20 g x L(-1) glutamine; EN+Fib group, enteral nutrition and 2 g x d(-1) oral soybean fiber; EN+GH group, enteral nutrition and subcutaneous growth hormone (GH) (0.3 IU) injection twice daily; and ENint group, glutamine-enriched EN, oral soybean fiber, and subcutaneous GH injection. RESULTS: Enteral glutamine perfusion during TPN increased the small intestinal villus height (jejunal villus height 250 microm +/- 29 microm in TPNcon vs 330 microm +/- 54 microm in TPN+Gln, ileal villus height 260 microm +/- 28 microm in TPNcon vs 330 microm +/- 22 microm in TPN+Gln, P【0.05) and mucosa thickness (jejunal mucosa thickness 360 microm +/- 32 microm in TPNcon vs 460 microm +/- 65 microm in TPN+Gln, ileal mucosa thickness 400 microm +/- 25 microm in TPNcon vs 490 microm +/- 11 microm in TPN+Gln,P【 0.05) in comparison with the TPNcon group. Either fiber supplementation or GH administration improved body mass gain (end body weight 270 g +/- 3.6g in EN+Fib, 265.7 g +/- 3.3 g in EN+GH, vs 257 g +/- 3.3 g in ENcon, P【 0.05), elevated plasma insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) level (880 microg x L(-1). 52 microg x L-(-1) in EN+Fib,1200 microg x L(-1). 96 microg x L-(-1) in EN +/- GH, vs 620 microg x L(-1).43 microg x L-(-1) in ENcon, P【 0.05), and increased the villus height (jejunum 560 microm +/- 44 microm in EN +/- Fib, 530 microm +/- 30 microm in EN +/- GH, vs 450 microm +/- 44 microm in ENcon, ileum 400 microm +/- 30 microm in EN+Fib, P【0.05) and the mucosa thickness (jejunum 740 microm +/- 66 microm in EN +/- Fib, 705 microm +/- 27 microm in EN +/- GH, vs 608 microm +/- 58 microm in ENcon, ileum 570 microm +/- 27 microm in EN +/- Fib, 560 microm +/- 56 microm in remnant jejunum and ileum. Glutamine-enriched EN produced little effect in body mass, plasma IGF-I level, and remnant small bowel mucosal structure. The ENint group had greater body mass (280 g +/- 2.2g), plasma IGF-I level (1450 microg x L(-1). 137 microg x L-(-1)), and villus height (jejunum 620 microm +/- 56 microm, ileum 450 microm +/- 31 microm) and mucosal thickness (jejunum 800 microm +/- 52 microm, ileum 633 microm +/- 33 microm) than those in ENcon, EN+Gln (jejunum villus height and mucosa thickness 450 microm +/- 47 microm and 610 +/- 63 microm, ileum villus height and mucosa thickness 330 microm +/- 39 microm and 500 microm +/- 52 microm), EN+GH groups (P【0.05), and than those in EN+Fib group although no statistical significance was attained. CONCLUSION: Both dietary fiber and GH when used separately can enhance the postresectional small bowel structural adaptation. Simultaneous use of these two gut-trophic factors can produce synergistic effects on small bowel structural adaptation. Enteral glutamine perfusion is beneficial in preserving small bowel mucosal structure during TPN, but has little beneficial effect during EN.

The Influence of Chinese Medicinal Herb on Chicken Immune Organs and Small Intestinal Mucosa Immune Organization

[Objective] The aim was to explore the mechanism of Chinese medicinal herb to enhance the body＇s immune. [Method] The quantitative distribution of immunocytes in chicken small intestinal mucosa lymphoid tissue-secretory type immune globulin cell A were dynamic observed to research chicken immune organ growth with histology conventional slice technology and immunohistochemistry dye. 1 day age healthy roosters were divided into 3 groups： the group 3 was control group. 1% and 0.5% concentration of Chinese herbal medicine immunopotentiator drinking water were added in the group 1 and 2 in continuous 60 d. The immune organ index was determined every 12 d and the histotomy of chicken small intes- tine in group control and 1% were taken for histological observation on day 24, 36 and 48. [ Result] Treatment group immune organ index was significantly higher than that of the control group and 1% group of small intestinal villus inherent intraformational immune cells number significantly increased （P〈0.01） compared with controls. Day 36 age group and day 48 group immune cells were higher than day 24 group of cell number （P〈 0.01 ）. [ Conclusionl Chinese medicinal herb had obvious role in promoting chicken immune organ growth and obvious influence on the quantity change of the intestinal mucosal immune cells.

Growth hormone improves graft mucosal structure and recipient protein metabolism in rat small bowel transplantation

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) on graft structure and recipient protein metabolism in rat small bowel transplantation (SBT) and total parenteral nutrition (TPN) models. METHODS: Twenty recipients of rat allogeneic heterotopic small bowel transplants (SD-->Wistar) were divided into two groups (GH group and control group). Both groups were supported by standard TPN. Acute rejection was suppressed with CsA 10 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1) intramuscularly. All rats in the experimental group received subcutaneous rhGH 1 U x kg(-1) x d(-1) after transplantation. Morphological mucosal indices of transplanted gut and metabolic parameters such as body weight, nitrogen balance, urinary 3-methyl histidine excretion and serum albumin of the recipients were compared between two groups. RESULTS: The application of rhGH promoted graft recovery significantly compared with standard TPN support alone. On postoperative day 14, all morphological indexes of transplanted gut recovered to the preoperative state. Protein metabolism in the recipient was also significantly improved. rhGH decreased the catabolism of protein, accelerated regaining of positive nitrogen balance and corrected hypoalbuminemia. CONCLUSION: GH is an effective metabolic intervention in SBT. It may promote the structural repair of the graft and correct the metabolic disturbance. It is useful in improving the outcome of clinical SBT.

Influencing factors of rat small intestinal epithelial cell cultivation and effects of radiation on cell proliferation

INTRODUCTIONCrypt epithelial cells in normal small intestineproliferate at a high speed. But they are verydifficult to culture in vitro and passage stably. A lotof studies have been done[1-16]. Some domestic labsisolated and cultured crypt cells from embryonalintestines and aseptic animal intestine, but failed.We introduced normal rat epithelial cell line-IEC-6from the USA and its living condition for stablepassage was successfully established after trials. Thecell line was testified to be the small intestinalepithelial cell by electron microscopy,immunihistochemistry and enzymatic histoch-emistry. It has been applied to some relatedresearch work[17-21]. It was found that manyfactors were involved in the culture system. Ourpresent study focuses on the culture method and theinfluencing factors on IEC-6.

Growth hormone stimulates remnant small bowel epithelial cell proliferation

INTRODUCTIONCurrently the major treatment choices for shortbowel syndrome are parenteral nutrition and smallbowel transplantation.Both therapies involvegreat fiscal challenge and recurring complications.Recent years have witnessed the promisingexperimental results of pharmacologicalrehabilitation of remnant small bowel.

Endoscopic monitoring in small bowel transplantation

AIM To investigate the role of endoscopic monitoring in small bowel transplantation. METHODS This study consisted of two parts: the experimental study and clinical study. In the experimental study, white outbred pigs underwent segmental small bowel allotransplantation. The proximal and distal intestine were brought out as stomas (Thiry Vella loop). The grafts, treated with or without immunosuppression, were monitored by endoscopy via stomas. In the clinical study, a female patient with short bowel syndrome received whole small bowel allotransplantation. The graft was monitored by endoscopy via distal stoma. RESULTS The most common endoscopic findings of graft rejection following small bowel allotransplantation were mucosal erythema, erosion and ulceration. Diffuse ulceration with bleeding was seen in late phase of rejection. CONCLUSION Endoscopic monitoring is essential to small bowel transplantation.

锌剂通过NF-κB信号通路修复肠黏膜屏障损伤的研究进展

肠黏膜屏障是机体抵御肠腔内有害抗原的第一道防线,缺血缺氧、理化免疫、肠道菌群变化、氧自由基等多种因素的参与可导致肠黏膜屏障损伤。锌是一种至关重要的微量元素,可通过减少肠道损伤、抗炎和肠道微生物群重建机制来调节黏膜完整性。锌可通过调节NF-κB信号通路来减少肠道损伤、对抗炎症、重构肠道微生物群来调节黏膜完整性,以达到修复肠道黏膜损伤的目的。这为研究锌剂修复肠黏膜屏障损伤的机制提供了参考。

日粮锌硒水平对肉鸡小肠黏膜结构的影响

为了探讨微量元素锌和硒互作对肉鸡小肠黏膜结构的影响 ,将 2 4只 1日龄AA肉鸡随机分为 3组 ,分别饲喂添加有高锌高硒 (锌 1 0 0 0mg/kg ,硒 5mg/kg)、低锌低硒 (锌 34mg/kg ,硒 0 .0 8mg/kg)和常锌常硒 (锌 5 0mg/kg ,硒 0 .1 5mg/kg)的日粮 4 5d后 ,观察小肠黏膜的形态结构变化。结果表明 ,高锌高硒或低锌低硒组肉鸡的小肠黏膜结构有明显的损伤 ,表现为黏膜厚度和绒毛高度下降 ,绒毛高度 /腺窝深度的比值减少 ,肠黏膜上皮细胞萎缩。尤其是高锌高硒对空肠的损伤最为严重。而常锌常硒组肉鸡小肠黏膜的形态结构正常。研究结果表明 ,日粮中按锌 5 0mg/kg和硒 0 .1 5mg/kg的比例添加 ,对于维持小肠黏膜的正常形态结构是合适的 ;过高或过低的锌和硒对小肠黏膜有毒性作用 。

谷氨酰胺二肽对断奶仔猪生长、免疫、抗氧化力和小肠粘膜形态的影响

本文旨在研究谷氨酰胺二肽(Gln二肽)对断奶仔猪生长、免疫、抗氧化力和小肠粘膜形态的影响,探讨Gln二肽缓减仔猪断奶应激的机理。选用96头平均体重(6.23±0.13)kg杜×(大×长)三元杂交仔猪,按完全区组设计分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复6头(公母各1/2),各处理仔猪分别饲喂基础饲粮、基础饲粮添加0.125%Gln二肽、基础饲粮添加0.25%Gln二肽和2%血浆蛋白粉的试验饲粮。结果表明,饲粮中添加0.125%和0.25%Gln二肽可以提高断奶仔猪生长性能。其中,断奶后0～10d0.125%Gln二肽组的生长性能与2%血浆蛋白粉组相近;断奶后11～21d0.125%Gln二肽组的生长性能略优于2%血浆蛋白粉组(P>0.05),而每kg增重饲料成本显著低于2%血浆蛋白粉(P<0.05)。随饲粮Gln二肽添加水平提高,断奶后第10天血液中CD4+数量以二次曲线方式升高(二次,P=0.08),第10和第21天血清GSH-Px活性分别以线性(线性,P=0.02)或二次曲线(二次,P=0.10)方式升高,第10和第21天血清SOD活性均以线性方式升高(线性,P=0.10和0.08)。断奶后第21天,0.125%Gln二肽组十二指肠的隐窝深度显著低于基础饲粮组(P<0.05)。总之,Gln二肽可能通过增强断奶仔猪细胞免疫功能、改善抗氧化能力、防止小肠粘膜绒毛萎缩,以缓减仔猪的断奶应激,从而提高生长性能,且以0.125%Gln二肽组仔猪生长性能最好,每kg增重饲料成本最低。

中毒剂量锌对大鼠小肠粘膜超微结构的影响

目的：阐明中毒剂量锌对肠粘膜免疫屏障结构的影响及其机理。方法：通过建立常锌（ＺＮ）、中毒剂量锌（ＺＰ）大鼠模型，应用病理形态学手段（电镜）对大鼠肠道粘膜的超微结构进行研究。结果：第４周末和第７周末血浆、红细胞膜和肠组织的锌含量ＺＰ组明显高于ＺＮ组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。第四周末和第七周末ＺＰ组光镜下肠粘膜未见异常改变；但是电镜下见肠道粘膜超微结构的严重损害。结论：中毒剂量锌可以引起肠道粘膜超微结构的严重损害；屏障功能削弱，大鼠小肠粘膜的免疫防御能力降低。

酵母壁多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和小肠黏膜形态结构的影响

本研究旨在探讨饲粮中添加酵母壁多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和小肠黏膜形态结构的影响。试验采用单因素试验设计方法,选取180头遗传背景一致、健康状况良好、胎次和体重接近的21日龄断奶仔猪,随机分为4个组,每组5个重复,每个重复9头猪。4个组分别饲喂对照饲粮、0.15%酵母壁多糖饲粮、0.30%酵母壁多糖饲粮和0.45%酵母壁多糖饲粮。试验期21 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加酵母壁多糖能够显著提高断奶仔猪平均日增重和平均日采食量(P<0.05);酵母壁多糖有降低断奶仔猪腹泻率和料重比的趋势,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。2)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加酵母壁多糖能够显著提高断奶仔猪空肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度值(P<0.05),添加0.45%酵母壁多糖能够显著提高断奶仔猪空肠绒毛高度和十二指肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度值(P<0.05)。由此可知,酵母壁多糖可提高断奶仔猪的生长性能,并改善小肠黏膜形态结构;综合生长性能、小肠黏膜形态及经济成本等指标,其在仔猪饲粮中的适宜添加量为0.30%。

单色光对肉雏鸡小肠黏膜形态结构的影响

【目的】研究单色光对肉雏鸡小肠黏膜形态结构的影响,为阐明单色光影响肉雏鸡生长发育的作用机理提供形态学依据。【方法】采用LED(Light-emitting diodes)灯作为光源,选用刚出壳AA肉公雏120羽,随机分为4组,分别提供红(660nm)、绿(560nm)、蓝(480nm)和白(400～700nm)4种光源,每个处理设6个重复,每个重复5只,人工光照光强度均为15lx,光照时间23h,试验期7d;分别于0、7d时每个重复随机选取1只,利用组织化学染色方法及免疫组织化学方法检测肉鸡十二指肠、空肠、回肠的黏膜结构变化、杯状细胞数量以及空肠肠腺上皮细胞的增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)的表达。【结果】7日龄时,绿光组各项检测指标比其它光色组明显增高,与红光组相比,绿光组能够促进雏鸡空肠肠腺上皮细胞的增殖(115.5%,P<0.05),提高十二指肠、空肠和回肠绒毛上皮的杯状细胞数量(分别为71.8%,35.8%和27.2%,P<0.05),增加十二指肠、空肠和回肠绒毛高度(分别为207.9,93.9和63.9μm,P<0.05),黏膜厚度(分别为262.2,184.6和185.6μm,P<0.05)以及绒毛高度/隐窝深度比值(分别为18.9%,54.5%和77.8%,P<0.05)。【结论】在15lx光强度下,肉鸡生长早期(0～7d)选用绿光照明,可不同程度地改善肉鸡小肠黏膜结构,提高小肠对营养物质的吸收能力,从而促进肉鸡生长发育。

断奶日龄对仔猪肠道黏膜水解酶及其上皮间淋巴细胞和杯状细胞数的影响

本研究选用了12窝0～56天仔猪,随机等分成17、21、28、35天断奶4个处理组(处理1、2、3和4),每处理3个重复,每重复1窝仔猪。试验期间,实行三阶段饲养,7天开始补饲,7～28、29～42、42～56天分别采食日粮I、II、III。处理1、2、3、4分别于18、22、28、36,22、28、36、43,28、36、43、50和18、22、28、36、43、50天剖杀,每次每个重复1头,共计54头。剖杀取得的十二指肠、空肠前段、空肠后段和回肠样品用于测定仔猪肠黏膜水解酶、糖原和上皮间淋巴细胞(IEL)、杯状细胞(GC)数。结果表明:处理1、2仔猪小肠黏膜碱性磷酸酶活性低于处理3、4同周龄仔猪;随着周龄增加,仔猪小肠黏膜α-醋酸萘酯酶活性增强,至5周龄时达到高峰;断奶越早,仔猪十二指肠腺及肠腺糖原阳性反应较弱。仔猪小肠各段IELs处理3显著高于其它3组(P<0.05),而处理2则显著低于其它3组(P<0.05)。断奶越早、日龄越小的仔猪肠GCs显著升高(P<0.05)。

不同日龄猪小肠黏膜5-HT分布特征的研究

【目的】研究猪小肠黏膜中5-HT分布与小肠发育之间的关系,为阐明5-HT在发育过程中对小肠调节作用机理提供形态学依据。【方法】选用0、5、15和100日龄英系大白猪,采用免疫组织化学染色结合显微镜观察计数对猪小肠各段5-HT的分布进行定性和定量研究。【结果】5-HT免疫反应阳性细胞广泛分布于0、5、15和100日龄猪小肠各段的绒毛中段和底端以及肠腺上皮细胞之间。由0日龄至100日龄,小肠5-HT免疫反应阳性细胞密度呈先增加后递减的趋势,小肠各段5-HT免疫反应阳性细胞密度呈现由十二指肠至回肠显著递减的趋势;各日龄各肠段肠腺5-HT免疫反应阳性细胞数量均显著高于绒毛。【结论】猪小肠黏膜5-HT主要分布于肠腺上皮细胞间,5-HT免疫反应阳性细胞密度随日龄改变而发生变化,且各肠段分布规律不尽相同。

小儿消化道出血^(99)Tc^m高锝酸盐对异位胃黏膜显像的特征

目的 研究小儿消化道出血99Tcm 高锝酸盐异位胃黏膜的显像特征 ,建立美克尔憩室和小肠重复畸形影像学的诊断标准。方法 对 14 1例消化道出血患儿作了99Tcm 高锝酸盐异位胃黏膜显像 ,按 7.4MBq/kg静脉注射99Tcm 高锝酸盐 ,以脐为中心进行动态 17min和静态 30min或 1h的采集。结果 14 1例患儿中 5 9例显像阳性 ,阳性检出率为 41.84%。 14 1例消化道出血中 ,经手术和病理证实了 48例。其中美克尔憩室 18例 ,形态呈小圆形或近似小圆形 1～ 3cm的异常浓集区。小肠重复畸形 2 2例 ,其中呈条索肠袢状 12例 ,团块状 5例 ,4cm以上大圆形异常浓集区 4例。食管、胃重复畸形 3例。在 48例患儿中 ,假阴性率为 2 .0 8% (小肠重复畸形 1例 ) ,假阳性 5例 ,为 10 .42 %。结论 美克尔憩室与小肠重复畸形在 99Tcm 高锝酸盐异位胃黏膜显像中 。

泌乳母猪饲粮精氨酸水平对哺乳仔猪小肠黏膜发育的影响

本试验旨在研究泌乳母猪饲粮精氨酸水平对哺乳仔猪小肠黏膜发育的影响及其抗氧化作用机理。试验选择长大二元杂交经产母猪36头,随机分为0.82%精氨酸组(n=12)、1.23%精氨酸组(n=12)和1.64%精氨酸组(n=12)3个组,分别饲喂含0.82%、1.23%和1.64%精氨酸的饲粮。试验从产后第4天开始至第22天结束。结果表明:1.64%和1.23%精氨酸组哺乳仔猪十二指肠黏膜绒毛高度显著高于0.82%精氨酸组(P<0.05);1.64%精氨酸组哺乳仔猪十二指肠和回肠黏膜隐窝深度显著低于0.82%精氨酸组(P<0.05),1.64%和1.23%精氨酸组哺乳仔猪空肠黏膜隐窝深度显著低于0.82%精氨酸组(P<0.05)。1.64%精氨酸组哺乳仔猪十二指肠和空肠黏膜乳糖酶和碱性磷酸酶活性显著高于0.82%精氨酸组(P<0.05);哺乳仔猪小肠黏膜谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性随泌乳母猪饲粮精氨酸水平升高而升高,其中在十二指肠中各组间差异显著(P<0.05),在空肠和回肠中1.64%精氨酸组显著高于0.82%精氨酸组(P<0.05);1.64%精氨酸组哺乳仔猪十二指肠、空肠和回肠黏膜超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性均显著高于0.82%精氨酸组(P<0.05);哺乳仔猪小肠黏膜丙二醛(MDA)含量在十二指肠中1.64%和1.23%精氨酸组显著低于0.82%精氨酸组(P<0.05),在空肠中1.64%精氨酸组显著低于0.82%精氨酸组(P<0.05)。结果提示,提高泌乳母猪饲粮精氨酸水平能够促进哺乳仔猪小肠黏膜发育,其作用机制可能与母猪饲粮中补充精氨酸改善仔猪抗氧化机能有关。

口腔黏膜上皮细胞与猪小肠黏膜下层体外复合培养的实验研究

目的探讨体外快速培养犬口腔黏膜上皮细胞(OMECs)及其与猪小肠黏膜下层(SIS)体外复合培养的方法,为组织工程化黏膜研究提供实验依据。方法采用混合酶消化法,于6%胎牛血清的上皮细胞无血清培养基(DKSFM)中培养OMECs,观察OMECs的形态特征、绘制生长曲线并进行细胞表面标志物检测。将第2代犬OMECs接种在SIS上,行苏木精-伊红染色、免疫组织化学染色、扫描电镜等观察OMECs在SIS上的生长状况。结果OMECs在DKSFM中生长良好,CK19细胞角蛋白免疫组化染色阳性。OMECs接种在SIS上呈单层生长,多角形,铺路石样排列,复合培养8d呈多层生长。结论采用混合酶消化法,用含6%胎牛血清的DKSFM培养犬OMECs,方法简便,适合推广应用。SIS与OMECs有良好的相容性,可作为构建组织工程化黏膜的理想支架材料。

高锌对大鼠肠粘膜免疫的影响

为阐明高锌对肠粘膜免疫屏障结构和功能的影响及其机理 .采用建立正常锌和高锌大鼠模型 ,应用形态学手段结合免疫组化和图像分析方法 ,对大鼠肠道粘膜的超微结构 ,粘膜 Ig A的产生和含量作定位和定量研究 .结果表明第 4周末和第 7周末 ,高锌组血浆 ,红细胞膜和肠组织的锌含量明显高于正常锌组 ;高锌组光镜下肠粘膜未见异常改变 ,但是电镜下见肠道粘膜超微结构严重损害 ;第 7周末 ,Ig A浆细胞计数及其平均吸光度 ,以及粘液 Ig A水平均显著低于正常锌组 ( P<0 .0 1 ) .结果提示高锌可以引起肠道粘膜和 Ig A屏障结构损害 .

无抗发酵饲粮对猪小肠黏膜形态和杯状细胞的影响

本试验旨在研究无抗发酵饲粮对猪小肠黏膜形态和杯状细胞的影响。试验选取遗传背景相似的初生健康乳猪120头,随机分为试验组和对照组,每组6个重复,每个重复10头猪。对照组饲喂含抗生素的基础饲粮,试验组饲喂以10%发酵饲粮代替部分无抗生素基础饲粮的试验饲粮,营养和能量水平调到与对照组相当。结果表明:1)试验组和对照组在小肠黏膜形态上有一定的差异。2)在44日龄时,试验组空肠绒毛高度比对照组提高7.19%(P<0.05)。在44和75日龄时,试验组回肠绒毛高度显著高于对照组(P <0.05)。3)对照组十二指肠、空肠、回肠隐窝深度均高于试验组,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。4)在44日龄时,试验组回肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度(V/C)比对照组提高17.18%(P<0.01)。5)在44日龄时,对照组十二指肠、空肠和回肠黏膜上皮间杯状细胞数量极显著高于试验组(P<0.01)。在75日龄时,对照组十二指肠黏膜上皮间杯状细胞数量极显著高于试验组(P<0.01)。综上所述,无抗发酵饲粮能改善小肠黏膜形态,增大吸收面积,从而促进小肠对营养物质的吸收。