Trace Element Status in Women of Childbearing Age in Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo

Introduction: Trace element deficiency is a major nutritional problem worldwide, affecting more than two billion people, or around a quarter of the world’s population. This situation is even more acute in developing countries than in developed countries. In sub-Saharan Africa, research and recent data on trace elements (micronutrients) are scarce. The aim of this study was to determine the serum status of calcium (Ca+), copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg), selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) in women of childbearing age in Kisangani. Methods: We have conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study in Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Our sample consists of 596 women of childbearing age in apparent good health. The data collection has been prospective. Concentrations of trace elements in serum were analysed using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrophotometer (ICP-MS Agilent 7700X). Results: The mean and median concentrations were: Calcium: 2.35 mmol/l and 2.31 mmol/l, Copper: 13.55 and 13.49 µmol/l, Magnesium: 0.85 and 0.81 mmol/l, Selenium: 0.99 and 0.76 µmol/l, and Zinc: 13.85 and 13.79 µmol/l. Respondents aged 20 - 34 had mean serum concentrations of 2.4 mmol/l for calcium, 13.7 µmol/l for copper, 0.9 mmol/l for magnesium, 1.1 µmol/l for selenium and 14.0 µmol/l for zinc. Conclusion: The trace element status of women of childbearing age in Kisangani was lower than that observed by other researchers, which suggests the need for a general nutritional intervention in our environment.

Trace Element Levels in Urban Ghanaian Pregnant Women

The trace elements used in the study are zinc, copper, selenium and iron, these have been implicated in various reproductive events. Maternal trace elements intake and their concentration are important for maternal and fetal well-being;however, data is insufficient in Ghanaian pregnant women. Especially, their concentration according to the pregnancy course (1st, 2nd, and 3rd trimester) should be determined, which may provide fundamental data of this issue. The maternal blood levels of four trace elements: zinc, copper, selenium and iron, were determined according to the gestational age in Ghanaian pregnant women. Blood samples were taken from 150 pregnant women (50 for each trimester) and 50 non-pregnant women (control). Concentration of four trace elements was measured using Flame Atomic Absorptive Spectrophotometer. The data (mean ± SD;ug/L) was as follows: in the order of control, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd trimester. 1) For zinc, 313 ± 211, 101 ± 92, 66 ± 63, and 443 ± 321. 2) For copper, 345 ± 261, 1349 ± 418, 1507 ± 388, and 1811 ± 344. 3) For selenium, 99 ± 25, 56 ± 17, 163 ± 38, and 261 ± 84. 4) For iron, 43.2 ± 15.2, 27.3 ± 15.7, 28.7 ± 17.2, and 40.5 ± 17 ug/L. Although each trace element showed various/specific concentrations according to the gestational age, overall tendency was a decline at 1st and 2nd trimester, and increase at 3rd trimester. The latter may be due to the introduction of supplementation. These data may be of use to consider maternal nutritional status in this area. Objective: To estimate the levels of zinc, copper, iron and selenium in pregnancy. Subjects were recruited from the Osu Maternity Home (OMH).

Comparison of serum Zn, Cu and Se contents between healthy people and patients in high, middle and low incidence areas of gastric cancer of Fujian Province

ＴｏｆｉｎｄｏｕｔｔｈｅｄｉｆｅｒｅｎｃｅｏｆＺｎ，ＣｕａｎｄＳｅｃｏｎｔｅｎｔｓｉｎｔｈｅｓｅｒａｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｈｅａｌｔｈｙｇｒｏｕｐｉｎｈｉｇｈｇａｓｔｒｉｃｃａｎｃｅｒｉｎｃｉｄｅｎｃｅａｒｅａａｎｄｉｎｌｏｗｉｎｃｉｄｅｎｃｅａｒｅａ，...

Apatite and Chitin Amendments Promote Microbial Activity and Augment Metal Removal in Marine Sediments

In situ amendments are a promising approach to enhance removal of metal contaminants from diverse environments including soil, groundwater and sediments. Apatite and chitin were selected and tested for copper, chromium, and zinc metal removal in marine sediment samples. Microbiological, molecular biological and chemical analyses were applied to investigate the role of these amendments in metal immobilization processes. Both apatite and chitin promoted microbial growth. These amendments induced corresponding bacterial groups including sulfide producers, iron reducers, and phosphate solubilizers;all that facilitated heavy metal immobilization and removal from marine sediments. Molecular biological approaches showed chitin greatly induced microbial population shifts in sediments and overlying water: chitin only, or chitin with apatite induced growth of bacterial groups such as Acidobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Epsilonproteobacteria, Firmicutes, Planctomycetes, Rhodospirillaceae, Spirochaetes, and Verrucomicrobia;whereas these bacteria were not present in the control. Community structures were also altered under treatments with increase of relative abundance of Deltaproteobacteria and decrease of Actinobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, and Nitrospirae. Many ?of these groups of bacteria have been shown to be involved in metal reduction and immobilization. Chemical analysis ?of pore and overlying water also demonstrated metal immobilization primarily under chitin treatments. X-Ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) spectra showed more sorbed Zn occurred over time in both apatite and chitin treatments (from 9% - 27%). The amendments improved zinc immobilization in marine sediments that led to significant changes in ??the mineralogy: easily mobile Zn hydroxide phase was converted to an immobile Zn phosphate (hopeite). In-situ amendment of apatite and chitin offers a great bioremediation potential for marine sediments contaminated with heavy metals.

乳糜泻与微量元素相关性研究进展

乳糜泻是一种由遗传易感个体摄入麸质引起的自身免疫病,主要累及小肠,引起小肠绒毛萎缩。许多乳糜泻患者因肠道炎症出现各种营养素吸收障碍,导致体内营养失衡,包括各种微量元素失衡。虽然微量元素在人体中含量很少,但因其特殊生理功能,对人体健康具有重要作用。部分乳糜泻相关并发症与不同微量元素失衡有关。此外,研究发现多种微量元素在乳糜泻发生、发展中发挥作用。本文就乳糜泻患者中一些重要微量元素水平,以及近年各种微量元素在乳糜泻发病机制、病情评估和治疗中作用的研究进展作一综述。

Efficacy of Essential Trace Elements Supplementation on Mineral Composition,Sperm Characteristics,Antioxidant Status,and Genotoxicity in Testis of Tebuconazole-treated Rats

Objective This research was performed to evaluate the effect of tebuconazole(TBZ)on reproductive organs of male rats and to assess the protective role of combined essential trace elements in alleviating the detrimental effect of TBZ on male reproductive function.Methods For this purpose,48 rats were exposed to 100 mg/kg TBZ,TBZ supplemented with zinc(Zn),selenium(Se),copper(Cu),and iron(Fe),TBZ+(Se+Zn);TBZ+Cu;or TBZ+Fe.The experiment was conducted for 30 consecutive days.Results TBZ caused a significant perturbation in mineral levels and reduction in reproductive organs weights,plasma testosterone level,and testicular antioxidant enzyme activities.The TBZ-treated group also showed a significant increase in sperm abnormalities(count,motility,and viability percent),plasma follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone concentrations,lipid peroxidation,protein oxidation,and severe DNA degradation in comparison with the controls.Histopathologically,TBZ caused testis impairments.Conversely,treatment with trace elements,in combination or alone,improved the reproductive organ weights,sperm characteristics,TBZ-induced toxicity,and histopathological modifications in testis.Conclusion TBZ exerts significant harmful effects on male reproductive system.The concurrent administration of trace elements reduces testis dysfunction,fertility,and toxicity induced by TBZ.

Gutmicrobiome modulation:Ancillary effects of inorganic nanoparticles on gut microflora

The association of gut microflora and human health is being increasingly recognized,and the impact of gut microflora on the host is well characterized,including the body’s energy metabolism and immune system maintenance.Several human diseases,including metabolic,autoimmune,obesity,hypothyroidism,and intestinal disorders,are closely associated with gut dysbiosis.Inorganic nanoparticles(NPs)are extensively utilized in numerous fields due to their distinctive,attractive physicochemical properties.Estimation of the potential impacts of NPs,with a high number of microorganisms inside the human body(microbiota)and its genomes(microbiome),represents one of the most important aspects of nano-toxicology.This review article aims to provide information on the association of gut microflora alterations to diseases and describe the impacts of various inorganic NPs,including silver,zinc,selenium,titania,silicon,and copper,on gut microflora.Research on the effect of inorganic NPs on gut microflora of animal models and the poultry industry is reviewed.The response of pathogenic Enterobacter species to inorganic NPs has been expounded in detail.This review also highlights the need to focus on the ancillary effects of various inorganic NPs on gut microflora to expedite the suitable advancement of these particles for future use.Finally,the key opportunistic areas for the application of nanotechnology are underlined to manipulate the microbiome of gut dysbiosis,provide an overview,and address potential challenges and our perspective on this evolving field.

Assessment of Groundwater for Heavy Metals in Selected Areas of North Lebanon

Heavy metals are ubiquitous in the environment and their consumption can create a potential hazard to human health, Lebanon is one of the richest countries in the Middle East. This study was undertaken to assess some of the heavy metals in drinking ground water of north Lebanon. Forty five ground water samples were collected from three different areas, the region of Bcharreh, a high mountain area, the region of Bessebaal, a semi industrial area and the region of Chekka, a sea level highly industrial area. Lead, chromium, zinc and copper were estimated using atomic absorption spectrometer. This study revealed high concentration of lead in the Bessebaal and Chekka areas （0.1328 mg/L, 0.3751 mg/L, respectively）; whereas chromium was estimated to be high in all three regions, 0.2429 mg/L, 0.2249 mg/L and 0.2443 mg/L in Bcharreh, Bessebaal and Chekka, respectively. Alternatively zinc showed a high concentration only in Bessebaal and Chekka （0.3715 mg/L, 0.3216 mg/L, respectively）, while, a low level of zinc （0.0393 mg/L） was detected in Bcharreh. As for copper, it was only detected in Chekka （0.0019 mg/L）.This study shined the light on the importance of heavy metals screening in our drinking water hence suggesting the developing of a successful programs for testing the quality of water sources before using it for drinking purpose.

Heavy Metal Bioaccumulation by Maize Grown on a Ferralsol Amended with Urban-Based Biosolid Wastes

Organic waste materials as soil amendments are one of the topical approaches applauded for achieving sustainable agriculture world-over. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of urban-based biosolid waste (UBBW) application on heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Zn and Pb) bioaccumulation by maize (Zea mays L.) plants. A pot experiment was conducted three times, using an acid Ferralsol from Makerere University Agricultural Research Institute, Kabanyolo (MUARIK) in Uganda. Treatments included the application of three types of UBBW, namely sewage, brewery and abattoir, each applied independently at the rates of 0, 50 and 100 g per pot filled with 4 kg soil. This was equivalent to 0, 2.5 and 5.0 metric tonnes of dry materials per hectare. Phosphorus fertiliser was also applied at 0, 0.795 and 1.591 g P per pot, equivalent to rates of 0, 25 and 50 kg P ha-1. The brewery waste applied at rates ≥ 2.5 t·ha-1 and phosphorus at 25 kg P ha-1 resulted in shoot Cu concentrations below the World Health Organisation (WHO) safe limit (73.3 mg·kg-1);and Zn slightly above the WHO safe limit (99.4 mg·kg-1). In contrast, the concentrations of chromium in the maize plants were well above the WHO safe limit (2.3 mg·kg-1), irrespective of the applied type of UBBW. Shoot metal bioaccumulation followed the order zinc > copper > chromium, with Pb being below the detection limit. The safest UBBW was abattoir waste;while the least environmentally suitable was sewage waste. It is clear that irrespective of the type of UBBW, their application to Ferralsol causes less bioaccumulation of Pb and Cr in maize plants compared to Zn and Cu.

江汉平原不同土地利用方式下土壤铜锌铬镍元素含量特征——以沙洋镇为例

为探究不同土地利用方式下沙洋县土壤铜、锌、铬、镍元素的含量特征及其对土地利用的响应,选取研究区内主要七类土地利用方式:水田、旱地、滩涂、林地、草地、水面(湖塘河区)、建设用地,对土壤中的铜、锌、铬、镍元素数据进行统计分析和空间插值。研究表明:沙洋镇土壤铜、锌、铬、镍元素含量平均值分别为27.31、77.21、74.62、32.50 mg/kg。四种元素含量均值在滩涂地块最高,分别达到31.16、80.153、87.906、38.127 mg/kg,四种元素单点最高值分别为52.63、170.387、113.190、55.376 mg/kg,分别出现在水田、建设用地、建设用地、水田。土壤铜、锌元素总体在沙洋镇的中心城区较为聚集,而土壤铬、镍元素没有这类现象。

实验性动脉粥样硬化对血清铜、锌、铬、锰、硒的影响

本研究观察高胆固醇血症和实验性动脉粥样硬化形成对必需微量元素Cu、Zn、Cr、Mn、Se代谢的影响。将22只家兔随机分为动脉粥样硬化造型组和对照组。造型组每只家兔每天喂胆固醇0.5g,该组在形成高胆固醇血症和动脉粥样硬化的4个月过程中,血清Cu均值逐渐升高,Zn逐渐降低,Ca/Zn比值逐渐增大,前后对比差异显著。对照组血清Cu、Zn无显著变化。两组的血清Cu、Zn同次测定值对比有显著或高度显著差异。血清Cr、Mn、Se均无显著变化。相关性检验证实,造型组血清胆固醇均值与血清Ca均值无显著相关(P>0.5),而与血清Zn均值呈高度负相关(P<0.01)。结果表明,在形成实验性动脉粥样硬化的过程中,高胆固醇食物及高胆固醇血症可引起血清Zn降低,又通过锌铜拮抗,使血清Cu升高。

不同粒径降尘中痕量金属元素Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr的形态分析

运用Ｔｅｓｓｌｅｒ形态分类法和石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法研究了不同粒径降尘样品中痕量金属元素Ｃｕ、Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ、Ｃｒ的存在形态，讨论了不同存在形态的分布规律。结果表明，Ｃｕ、Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ、Ｃｒ在降尘中的主要形态按顺序分别为有机结合态、铁锰氧化物结合态、铁锰氧化物结合态、残渣晶格态，其活性顺序为Ｚｎ＞Ｐｂ＞Ｃｕ＞Ｃｒ；４种元素的可交换态、碳酸盐结合态、铁锰氧化物结合态在小颗粒中的分布均比在大颗粒中占优势，说明小颗粒中金属元素较为活泼，其环境危害性更大。

稀有鮈鲫──一种新的鱼类毒性试验材料

本文研究了稀有鲫（Ｇｏｂｉｏｃｙｐｒｉｓｒａｒｕｓ）作为毒性试验材料的可行性。采用换水式试验，在硬度为２００ｍｇ／Ｌ（以ＣａＣＯ３计）、ｐＨ７．８±０．２、温度２４－２５℃条件下研究了铬、铜、锌和五氯酚（ＰＣＰ）对稀有鲫的急性毒性。重铬酸钾对２日龄稀有鲫的２４ｈ和９６ｈ和ＬＣ５０控制范围分别２６３．６－３３４．７和１１５３－１７８．５ｍｇ／Ｌ（ｎ＝８）。铬、铜、锌和五氯酚对２日龄稀有鲫的急性毒性值（９６ｈＬＣ５０）范围，从铜的５２．２μｇ／Ｌ到铬的５２０００μｇ／Ｌ，毒性大小的顺序是铜＞五氯酚＞锌＞铬。研究结果表明，稀有鲫有可能发展成为一种较为理想的毒性试验材料。

日粮中锌、铜、锰和硒对生长獭兔生产性能及生化指标的影响

选用吉戎-Ⅱ生长獭兔随机分组,各组日粮中分别添加锌、铜、锰和硒,其中锌的添加量为0、40、80、120 m g/kg,硒为0、0.1、0.25、0.4、0.55、0.7 m g/kg,锰为0、5、15、25、35、45 m g/kg,铜为0、10、20、40、80、160 m g/kg。结果表明,4种元素均能影响生长獭兔的生长性能。试验所选相关酶CuZn-SOD、GPX、M n-SOD、CP的活性能较好地反映此4种元素在獭兔体内的代谢状况。肾脏、肝脏中Zn和Se的沉积量能较好地反映饲粮Zn和Se在獭兔体内的沉积情况。胫骨和被毛中锰浓度则可以作为评价锰吸收利用率的敏感指标。综合各项指标得出,吉戎-Ⅱ獭兔日粮中锰、锌、铜、硒的适宜添加量分别为35、80、40、0.25 m g/kg。

锌、硒、铬对糖尿病大鼠糖、脂代谢调节作用

目的 研究锌、硒、铬对糖尿病大鼠糖、脂代谢紊乱的影响并探讨其相关生化机制。方法 雄性Wistar大鼠 5 2只 ,随机留取 12只为正常对照组 ,其余大鼠以四氧嘧啶诱导成糖尿病模型 ,随机分为糖尿病对照组和 3个实验组 (糖尿病补锌组、糖尿病补硒组、糖尿病补铬组 )。每日灌胃补充一定剂量的锌、硒、铬 ,实验期为 6 0d。分别进行实验前后生化指标的检测 ,胰岛细胞的形态学观察。结果 锌、硒、铬对糖尿病大鼠的糖、脂代谢紊乱起到了一定的改善作用 ,补锌、补硒的效果优于补铬 ;锌、硒可提高糖尿病大鼠的抗氧化能力 ,减轻胰岛的病理损伤 ,而铬无明显作用。结论 锌、硒、铬通过不同的途径 ,对糖尿病大鼠糖、脂代谢的紊乱起到了不同程度的改善作用。

模拟酸雨条件下降尘中Cu,Pb,Zn,Cr各形态的溶出和转化研究

本文用Tessler方法,研究了模拟酸雨条件下,降尘中Cu,Pb,Zn,Cr各形态的溶出和相互转化.试验表明:(1)降尘中Cu,Cr的溶出量随酸雨酸度的增大而增加;Pb,Zn则分别在pH=3.5和pH=4.5时溶出量最大,溶出的金属多源于可交换态和碳酸盐结合态,说明这两种形态的稳定性较差.(2)在模拟酸雨条件下,Cu,Pb,Zn,Cr各形态的含量发生了较大变化;Cu从其优势形态有机结合态向可交换态、碳酸盐结合态、铁锰氧化物结合态转化;Pb,Zn,Cr则由铁锰氧化物结合态向可交换态和碳酸盐结合态转化.

口服雄黄对大鼠脏器中铜、锌、硒含量的影响

目的 :探讨大鼠较长时间口服雄黄后体内铜、锌和硒含量的变化。方法 :用不同剂量的雄黄 (5 0 ,15 0 ,45 0mg·kg-1·d-1)给Wistar大鼠持续灌胃 5周 ,测定大鼠主要组织脏器中铜、锌和硒的含量以及肝肾组织中金属硫蛋白的含量 ,并测定实验结束前 5d每只大鼠粪和尿中铜的累积排出量。结果 :口服中低剂量的雄黄对大鼠体内组织中铜、锌和硒水平的影响甚微 ,口服高剂量的雄黄后大鼠心脏中锌含量下降 ,脾脏和骨骼中铜含量升高 ,肾铜水平较对照增加约 2倍。大鼠肝肾组织中金属硫蛋白的含量几乎不受口服雄黄的影响。结论 :肾铜蓄积是大鼠服用高剂量雄黄后体内微量元素变化最为显著的特征 。

县域农田土壤铜、锌、铬含量空间变异特征及其影响因子分析

【目的】研究县域农田土壤重金属空间变异特征及影响因子,可为保护农田环境质量提供有效信息。【方法】本研究利用地统计学和GIS相结合的方法,对四川省双流县623个土样铜、锌、铬含量空间结构、分布特征进行分析,并在此基础上对其影响因子进行了探讨。【结果】(1)农田土壤铜、锌、铬含量属于中等变异强度,其最大值与最小值之间的差异明显;(2)土壤铜、锌、铬含量的空间相关距离分别为28281、45613、45892m,且具有中等程度的空间自相关性,其空间变异受结构性和随机性因子的共同影响。【结论】普通Kriging插值表明,土壤铜、锌、铬含量的空间分布趋势较为接近,高值区主要集中在县境内西北部。影响因子分析表明,土壤铜含量在不同地形条件下呈极显著差异;成土母质对铜和锌含量空间变异有重要影响;有机肥使用量是影响土壤铜、锌、铬含量空间变异的重要因子;社会经济条件中,农业基础条件和化肥使用量对土壤铜、锌、铬含量空间变异的影响程度最高。

高血压患者血清锌、铜、钙、钴、镉、镁、镍、铬、钛的测定

本文应用直流等离子体原子发射光电直读光谱仪测定了60例正常人,45例高血压患者血清锌、铜、钙、钴、镉、镁、镍、铬、钛含量。结果表明,正常人血清锌19.70±3.75μmol/L(1.2876±0.2457μg/ml),铜17.23±3.48μmol/L(1.0945±0.2213μg/ml),钙2211.09±430.72μmol/L(104.6523±17.2634μg/ml),钴2.87±1.05μmol/L(0.3694±0.0616μg/ml),锅0.44±0.27μmol/L(0.0491±0.0300μg/ml),镁783.71±294.29μmol/L(19.0520±7.1543μg/ml),镍0.42±0.27μmol/L(0.0252±0.0156μg/ml),铬0.28±0.24μmol/L(0.0148±0.0123μg/ml),钛0.82±0.50μmol/L(0.0391±0.0243μg/ml),与文献报道值类似。高血压患者血清锌16.45±2.85μmol/L(1.0754±0.1863μg/ml),钙2308.32±276.29μmol/L(92.5175±11.0738μg/ml),钴2.23±0.62μmol/L(0.1316±0.0368μg/ml)和钛0.61±0.31μmol/L(0.0292±0.0147μg/ml),均低于正常对照组(分别为p<0.001,p<0.05)。镉0.85±0.40μmol/L(0.0951±0.0452μg/ml),镁1022.20±399.91μmol/L (24.8497±9.721 8μg/ml)和镉/锌比值高于正常对照组(P<0.001)。而铜17.58±3.11μmol/L(1.1169±0.1973μg/ml),镍0.39±0.01μmol/L(0.0231±0.0045μg/ml),铬0.31±0.12μmol/L(0.0163±0.

微量元素锌、铬、硒与动物繁殖性能

介绍了国内外学者关于微量元素锌、铬、硒对各种动物繁殖性能影响的研究成果 ,并着重回顾了这 3种微量元素缺乏时繁殖动物的缺乏症和表现 ,以及繁殖动物饲养过程中添加这