Elasto-plastic finite element analysis of squaring circular tube

The flow rule of Prandtl-Reuss was adopted and incremental elasto-plastic finite-element analysis formulation of Coulomb’s friction law combining the finite deformation theory was established, and Lagrangian formulation for simulating the squaring process of circular tube was updated. Incremental Coulomb’s friction law was used in the global stiffness matrix to solve the sliding-sticking state of friction at the boundary contact interface. During the squaring process, the linear factor rmin was adopted to solve the non-linear boundary problems of changing node contact and separation, elasto-plastic transient situation in an element and the non-linear constitutive behavior of material so as to make each reasonable increment of the punch meet the demand of calculation for linear increment. The squaring process of circular tube, load distribution and final shape of work piece after unloading were simulated by this mode and compared with research data. It is known that the circular tube with higher geometrical ratio (R/t) could be pressed into symmetric square tube without collapse. This result can provide reference for the analysis of this process and evaluation and improvement of product defects.

A STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF RADIAL INERTIA ON THE ELASTO-PLASTIC COMBINED STRESS WAVE PROPAGATION IN THIN-WALLED TUBES

An in-depth analysis of propagation characteristics ofelasto-plastic combined stress waves in circular thin-walled tubeshas been made. In obtaining the simple-wave solution, however, mostresearches have ignored the influence of the circumferential stressrelated to the radial inertial ef- fect in the tubes. In this paperthe incremental elasto-plastic constitutive relations which areconve- nient for dynamic numerical analysis are adopted, and thefinite-difference method is used to study the evolution adpropagation of elasto-plastic combined stress waves in a thin-walledtube with the radial inertial effect of the tube considered. Thecalculation results are compared with those obtained when the radialinertial effect is not considered. The calculation results show thatthe radial inertial effect of a tube has a fairly great influence onthe propagation of elasto-plastic combined stress waves.

Research on Extrude-bulge Forming of Tee Tubes with Plastic Medium

This paper presents an experimental research on extrude-bulge forming of tee tubes with plastic medium,an universal device especially designed for this forming process and some parameters having effects on the forming process.Comparison of results of the theoretical analysis with experimental results shows a very good agreement between them.

Field study of plastic tube cast-in-place concrete pile

The compositions, technical principles and construction equipments of a new piling method used for ground improvement plastic tube cast-in-place concrete pile were introduced. The results from static load tests on single piles with different forms of pile shoes and on their composite foundations were analyzed. The distribution patterns of axial force, shaft friction and toe resistance were studied based on the measurements taken from buried strain gauges. From the point of engineering application, the pile has merits in convenient quality control, high bearing capacity and reliable quality, showing higher reasonability, advancement and suitability than other ground improvement methods. The pile can be adopted properly to take place of ordinary ground improvement method, achieving greater economical and social benefits.

GPR Tomographic Imaging of Concrete Tubes and Steel/Plastic Tanks Buried in IAG/USP Geophysical Test Site, Brazil

In this paper, the Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) method was used to characterize concrete tubes and steel/plastic tanks buried in IAG/USP test site. The microwave tomography was used to improve the GPR images, aiming to retrieve the geometry of the targets. The numerical modeling studies also were done in order to predict the GPR results of the buried targets and to give more reliability to the results interpretation. The targets were installed in the first shallow geophysical test site of the Brazil located at Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics, and Atmospheric Science (IAG) of the University of S?o Paulo (USP). GPR profiles of 200 MHz (shielded bistatic antennas) were acquired along three lines containing concrete tubes and steel/plastic tanks buried in subsoil. The concrete tubes show a hyperbolic reflector for the top, and the vertical tube also presented a reflection on its bottom. The horizontal steel tanks were characterized by a strong GPR reflection on their top. The empty plastic tank shows a strong reflector for the top with normal polarity. On the other hand, the plastic tank filled with water shows a weaker reflector for its top characterized by the inverted polarity of GPR signal when compared with empty plastic tank. The plastic tank filled with water also went characterized by the strong reflection to its bottom, being a good indicative to interpret GPR data on target in subsoil with some types of fluid inside of tank. The results of polarity difference for the top of tank can be used as guide pattern to identify buried tank empty or filled with water. The application of microwave tomography to the GPR data permitted to determine the position and get a good identification of the edges of the targets studied. The numeric modeling presented a good accordance with real data reducing the ambiguities in interpretation of results. These results can be used as a reference, and they can be extrapolated for areas where there is no subsurface information.

侧向冲击荷载作用下CFRP型材-方钢管混凝土柱的动力响应

为了研究CFRP型材-方钢管混凝土固简柱的抗侧向冲击性能,采用水平撞击装置对3个CFRP型材-方钢管混凝土柱进行侧向冲击试验.根据柱的破坏模式、局部变形、整体变形及冲击力分析柱的动力响应,研究了CFRP型材、边界条件、冲击能量与冲击冲量对试件动力响应的影响规律.结果表明,CFRP型材-方钢管混凝土固简柱呈现弯曲破坏,具有良好的抗冲击性能,且随着支座约束能力的增大,抗侧向冲击性能增大.增加单位冲击冲量可使悬臂试件的峰值位移下降7%,而两端固支试件峰值位移仅变化1%.随着支座约束能力的下降,冲击冲量对试件变形的影响程度增大.在钢管混凝土固简试件中内置CFRP型材可使冲击位置处峰值位移下降9%,且降低程度随着支座约束能力的下降而增加.

旋转锻造连接工艺研究

为了解决焊接性能差的材料间的连接问题,提出了一种利用旋转锻造工艺进行管材-管材、管材-棒料连接的新方法,并进行了旋转锻造连接过程的有限元分析和试验研究,揭示了旋转锻造连接过程的材料流动规律,得到了影响连接头强度的工艺参数。试验设备为自主研发的基于能量控制的小型旋转锻造设备,材料为T2铜管、6061铝管及塑料棒。对旋转锻造连接成形过程进行了有限元分析,得到了材料流动情况和连接工艺参数。结果表明:旋转锻造连接工艺可以形成稳定连接头;连接长度越小,连接头越容易被拉脱;径缩量是影响连接头强度的主要因素,在一定范围内随着径缩量的增加,连接强度不断增加;径缩量过大时,内管将在旋转锻造过程中发生破裂,无法形成连接头;试验结果表明,径缩量为0.8 mm时,铜管-铝管连接头强度达到铝管强度的62%,铜管-铜管连接头强度达到内铜管强度的68%,铜管-塑料棒连接头强度达到塑料棒强度的63%。

玻璃纤维增强聚合物管约束高强混凝土柱轴压试验研究

为研究玻璃纤维增强聚合物管约束高强混凝土柱的轴压性能,设计了6个不同长细比的试件并对其进行了轴心受压试验,分析了其破坏过程及破坏形态、承载力、位移、荷载-位移曲线、骨架曲线、荷载-应变曲线。研究表明:玻璃纤维增强聚合物管约束混凝土柱轴压承载性能优异,随着长细比的减小,试件的轴压承载力提升显著;加载后期,该组合结构的破坏模式为玻璃纤维增强聚合物管发生环向破坏,内部混凝土被压溃;玻璃纤维增强聚合物空管轴压承载力相对较低,破坏时脆性特征明显;随着长细比的减小,玻璃纤维增强聚合物管约束高强混凝土柱的承载力和刚度逐步增加,长细比对结构的承载能力影响显著。研究结果对玻璃纤维增强聚合物管约束高强混凝土柱的理论研究和工程应用具有一定的指导意义。

圆形截面钢管混凝土受弯构件塑性发展系数的双因素计算模型研究

为了综合考虑截面几何和材料特性对圆形截面钢管混凝土(CFST)受弯构件抗弯强度的影响,选择截面厚径比和材料强度比作为自变量,研究建立了圆CFST受弯构件截面塑性发展系数的二元函数计算表达,并建立了截面抗弯强度计算模型。首先在确定厚径比和强度比取值范围的基础上,设计1 656个圆CFST受弯构件的数值模型,利用纤维模型法计算确定每个构件的截面抗弯强度和塑性发展系数。然后选择截面钢管壁厚与外径之比、钢管强度与核心混凝土强度之比作为自变量,通过回归分析建立圆CFST构件的截面塑性发展系数的二元函数表达式,据此提出了圆CFST构件截面抗弯强度的计算模型。最后通过与试验数据、现行设计规范和研究文献中不同计算模型进行对比分析,验证了建立的圆形截面钢管混凝土受弯构件的截面塑性发展系数和抗弯强度计算模型具有更高的精度和适用性。

Bonding properties of interface in Fe/Al clad tube prepared by explosive welding

A Fe/Al clad tube was prepared by explosive welding.Then the bonding characteristic of the interface was investigated by compression,flattening and compression-shear test.The test results exhibit that the clad tubes possessing good bonding interface have higher shear strength than that of pure aluminum and can bear both axial and radial deformation.The original interface between aluminum layer and ferrite layer was observed by scanning electron microscopy（SEM）.The results show that the clad tubes with good bonding properties possess the interface in wave and straight shape.The Fe/Al clad tube was used to manufacture the T-shape by hydro-bulging.It is found that the good-bonding interface of the Fe/Al clad tube plays a dominant role in the formation of the T-shape.

Equal channel angular extrusion of NiTi shape memory alloy tube

As a new attempt, equal channel angular extrusion （ECAE） of nickel-titanium shape memory alloy （NiTi SMA） tube was investigated by means of process experiment, finite element method （FEM） and microscopy. NiTi SMA tube with the steel core in it was inserted into the steel can during ECAE of NiTi SMA tube. Based on rigid-viscoplastic FEM, multiple coupled boundary conditions and multiple constitutive models were used for finite element simulation of ECAE of NiTi SMA tube, where the effective stress field, the effective strain field and the velocity field were obtained. Finite element simulation results are in good accordance with the experimental ones. Finite element simulation results reveal that the velocity field shows the minimum value in the corner of NiTi SMA tube, where severe shear deformation occurs. Microstructural observation results reveal that severe plastic deformation leads to a certain grain orientation as well as occurrence of substructures in the grain interior and dynamic recovery occurs during ECAE of NiTi SMA tube. ECAE of NiTi SMA tube provides a new approach to manufacturing ultrafine-grained NiTi SMA tube.

衬塑钢管海水海砂混凝土组合构件受弯性能研究

对12根衬塑钢管海水海砂混凝土(seawater sea-sand concrete filled plastic-lined steel tube, SSC-PLST)试件进行了受弯加载试验和有限元建模分析,研究该类构件的受弯性能及内衬塑料层对组合构件承载变形能力的影响规律。研究结果表明:SSC-PLST受弯构件的破坏形态具体表现为受压区钢管外凸屈曲、对应位置混凝土被压碎,受拉区钢管屈服、核心混凝土弯曲裂缝细而密,与普通钢管混凝土类似;试件的弯矩-挠度曲线呈三阶段特征,表现出良好的承载与变形性能。SSC-PLST构件不同部分之间的接触应力较小,且分布不均匀。内衬塑料对SSC-PLST构件受弯承载力的影响程度主要与塑料层厚度有关,受钢材强度和混凝土强度的影响较小。最终提出了SSC-PLST受弯构件承载力的简化计算公式,可为该结构构件的工程应用提供参考。

ABAQUS软件分析测井用金属连续毛细管塑性变形

针对金属连续毛细管因在测井绞车滚筒上的弯曲行为而产生塑性变形对性能的影响,采用有限元软件ABAQUS分析不同弯曲半径时金属连续毛细管产生的塑性变形和疲劳寿命。结果表明:金属连续毛细管在弯曲过程中的塑性变形随着中性层向外逐渐增大;当弯曲半径由75 mm增加至150 mm时,随着弯曲半径的增加,金属连续毛细管的塑性变形逐渐增大,等效塑性应变由3.5×10^(-2)减小至1.46×10^(-2),并且使用寿命逐渐趋于平缓,循环次数由25 000增加到398 107。

异径铝合金薄壁圆管的加热塑性连接方法与模具设计

铝合金薄壁管在轴向压缩连接时开裂导致连接失效。为提高铝合金的压缩塑性成形性,进行了可加热的不等径管塑性连接模具设计。利用有限元软件对加热塑性连接过程中模具的热应力和热传递进行了数值模拟,用正交试验法对模具散热系统结构参数进行了分析,并进行了模具制作和不等直径铝合金管的连接接头试制。结果表明,20℃和600℃下模具的最大应力均低于模具材料对应温度下的屈服强度,满足钢、铝金属材料的加热塑性连接工艺需求。设计的散热系统可有效减缓模具热量向拉伸机的传递。300℃下该模具成功将Φ44和Φ30的两铝合金管进行了连接。说明了模具设计的合理性和连接工艺的可行性。为后续的工程应用提供指导。

一种新的内翻管理论模型及其耐撞性研究

圆管圆角模具内翻作为金属薄壁管的一种变形模式有着良好的吸能特性.现有关于内翻模式的理论模型均假设变形区曲率恒定且很少有关于翻转全过程翻转力的研究.通过试验测试和有限元模拟对6063铝管的内翻过程进行了研究,并结合外翻模式变形特点详细探讨了内翻模式的变形特点.根据试验和有限元结果提出了一种新的描述内翻模式的理论模型,该理论模型在同时考虑了变形区曲率变化和管壁增厚的基础上,对内翻全过程的翻转力也进行了预测,进而可以得到内翻模式总吸能和比吸能的理论结果.通过与前人理论结果和试验结果的对比得到,文章理论结果更吻合试验和有限元结果.最后,根据验证后的理论模型对内翻模式的耐撞性进行了分析讨论,结果表明:存在最优模具半径使得内翻稳态力、总吸能和比吸能最小;增大圆管壁厚可显著提高内翻模式吸能特性;增大圆管半径能提高内翻稳态力和总吸能,但会降低比吸能.新的内翻理论模型为描述内翻变形模式和内翻管作为吸能元件提供了理论依据.

三维自由弯曲过程中临界偏距对管材成形精度影响

三维自由弯曲成形过程中弯管处于少约束状态,弯管弯曲半径的大小及轴线形状取决于相应的弯曲模偏距值。为了准确成形出预设弯管的形状,提高弯管的自由弯曲成形精度,基于弯曲模临界偏距Ue建立了弯曲模偏距U和弯管弯曲半径R(U-R)关系数学模型。采用有限元模拟与实验相结合的方法,研究了不同摩擦系数及材料参数条件下临界偏距的演化规律及其对弯管成形精度的影响。研究结果表明:引入临界偏距的U-R关系拟合结果更加符合实验结果。随着摩擦系数的增加,弯管塑性变形程度增加,临界偏距的数值降低,弯管弯曲半径减小。相比于SS304不锈钢弯管,相同工艺参数下6061铝合金弯管的弯曲半径增大,临界偏距降低。

SRPE管-混凝土-钢双壁空心短柱轴压性能试验研究

针对西部盐渍土地区钢筋混凝土桥柱的腐蚀问题,提出“SRPE管-混凝土-钢双壁空心柱”。为研究其轴心受压力学性能,设计制作了6根SRPE管-混凝土-钢双壁空心短柱并进行轴压试验,获得了试件的破坏形态和荷载-位移曲线,进而分析了SRPE管压力等级、空心率和钢管径厚比对试件轴心受压力学性能的影响规律。研究结果表明:试件的破坏形态为中下部剪切破坏;试件极限承载力随SRPE管压力等级提高而增大,随空心率和钢管径厚比增大而减小,且空心率影响大于钢管径厚比。最后给出了SRPE管-混凝土-钢双壁空心短柱的轴心受压承载力计算式,计算结果与试验值吻合良好。

含缺陷连续管极限承载研究及安全分析

为了准确评价含缺陷连续管的极限承载能力,提出基于塑性失效准则的含缺陷连续管极限承载理论模型,以有限元结果对比不同类型缺陷对连续管极限承载的影响,并通过灰色关联法得出缺陷深度和截面积为影响连续管极限承载的敏感因素,基于完整管极限承载理论,采用非线性曲面拟合方法对缺陷修正系数进行拟合,建立包含极限内压、极限外压和极限抗拉载荷的含缺陷连续管极限承载理论模型。研究结果表明:本文模型对比经典模型误差更小,最大误差仅为4.56%,可以有效评价含缺陷连续管极限承载能力。研究结果可为连续管安全作业提供参考。

矩形CFST受弯构件的塑性发展系数多因素模型及强度计算

矩形钢管对核心混凝土的约束效应有其特殊性,准确预测受弯构件截面塑性发展能力可有效保证构件的承载安全。为提高矩形钢管混凝土受弯构件截面强度的计算精度,在套箍系数的基础上进一步考虑高宽比和含钢率的影响,建立塑性发展系数多因素模型和抗弯强度改进模型。首先,基于钢管混凝土统一理论,研究矩形钢管混凝土受弯构件塑性发展系数的变化规律,并与当前规范计算公式进行对比;然后,结合规范和工程需求构造2 160个矩形钢管混凝土受弯数值模拟构件,利用改进的本构关系和构件失效判据开展纤维模型法精细分析,研究宽厚比、高宽比、含钢率、强度比对塑性发展系数的影响,确定高宽比和含钢率为塑性发展系数的主要影响因素,通过回归分析拟合与高宽比和含钢率相关的函数表达式,由此建立矩形钢管混凝土塑性发展系数多因素模型和抗弯强度改进模型;最后,利用搜集到的128组试验数据,将抗弯强度改进模型与国内外主要设计规范进行对比验证。结果表明,建立的塑性发展系数多因素模型克服了现行规范中计算模型精确性不足的缺陷,能够更加准确地反映矩形钢管混凝土受弯构件的塑性发展能力;建立的矩形钢管混凝土受弯构件抗弯强度改进模型求解的极限承载力与试验值比值的均值为0.971,均方根误差为0.118,吻合良好,具有更高的计算精度。

核电蒸汽发生器关键特厚管板锻件锻造成形方法

管板作为核电蒸汽发生器内的核心锻件,在形状和尺寸上具有直径大、厚度厚的特点,其检验技术要求高,制造难度大,且周期较长。本文对厚度大于500 mm的蒸汽发生器管板进行解剖,分析了不同部位的性能均匀性。试验表明,在ASME标准范围内将Ni质量分数控制在0.90%以上,有利于提高材料的低温韧性。通过闭式模具锻造,提高热处理淬火冷却速率,使得管板中心无塑性转变温度可达-26℃以下,远低于-15℃传统的技术指标,验证了特厚管板的冶炼、锻造及热处理工艺,为提高特厚管板性能指标提供理论和工程实践支撑。