目的探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,AECOPD)患者血清炎症发生区因子2(found in inflammatory zone 2,FIZZ2)和白细胞介素-33(interleukin-33,IL-33)水平变化及与预后的...目的探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,AECOPD)患者血清炎症发生区因子2(found in inflammatory zone 2,FIZZ2)和白细胞介素-33(interleukin-33,IL-33)水平变化及与预后的相关性。方法选取2020年1月~2023年1月中国科学院合肥肿瘤医院收治的102例AECOPD患者为AECOPD组,并根据预后分为生存组(n=30)和死亡组(n=72)。以同期诊治的60例稳定期COPD患者为稳定期组,以同期体检的60例健康人为对照组。采用酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)法检测血清FIZZ2和IL-33水平。采用Pearson相关性分析血清FIZZ2和IL-33与肺功能指标的相关性。多因素Logistic回归分析影响AECOPD患者预后的因素。受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析血清FIZZ2和IL-33对AECOPD患者预后预测价值。结果AECOPD组血清FIZZ2(212.19±48.47ng/L),IL-33(66.19±13.41μg/L)高于稳定期组(101.11±31.03ng/L,40.69±9.94μg/L)和对照组(42.33±7.65ng/L,26.17±8.10μg/L),差异具有统计学意义(t=15.925,26.915;12.799,20.961,均P<0.05)。血清FIZZ2,IL-33水平与第一秒用力呼气容积占预计值的百分比(forced expiratory volume in one second/predicted value ratio,FEV1%pred)、第一秒用力呼气容积与用力肺活量比值(forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity,FEV1/FVC)、动脉血氧分压(arterial partial pressure of oxygen,PaO_(2))呈负相关(r=-0.676,-0.707,-0.715;-0.662,-0.711,0.630,均P<0.05),与动脉血二氧化碳分压(arterial carbon dioxide pressure,PaCO_(2))呈正相关(r=0.712,0.689,均P<0.05)。死亡组血清FIZZ2(254.30±53.22 ng/L),IL-33(75.18±15.62μg/L)高于生存组(194.64±47.16 ng/L,62.50±12.37 ng/L),差异具有统计学意义(t=5.604,4.354,均P<0.05)。血清FIZZ2(OR=1.445,95%CI:1.094~1.909),IL-33(OR=1.701,95%CI:1.111~2.602)是影响AECOPD患者预后独立危险因素。血清FIZZ2,IL-33二者联合对AECOPD患者预后的评估的曲线下面积(95%置信区间)为0.886(0.842~0.927),高于各单项指标检测[0.834(0.798~0.890),0.806(0.779~0.846)],差异具有统计学意义(Z=4.255,4.697,均P<0.05)。结论AECOPD患者血清FIZZ2,IL-33水平升高,两者与患者肺功能有关,两者联合检测对AECOPD患者的生存预后具有较高的预测价值。展开更多
This paper investigated the effects of root-zone (RZ) CO<sub>2</sub> concentration ([CO<sub>2</sub>]) on root morphology and growth, nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub>-</sup>) uptake and...This paper investigated the effects of root-zone (RZ) CO<sub>2</sub> concentration ([CO<sub>2</sub>]) on root morphology and growth, nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub>-</sup>) uptake and assimilation of lettuce plants at different root-zone temperatures (RZT). Elevated RZ [CO<sub>2</sub>] stimulated root development, root and shoot growth compared to ambient RZ [CO<sub>2</sub>]. The greatest increase in root growth was observed in plants grown under elevated RZ [CO<sub>2</sub>] of 50,000 ppm. However, RZ [CO<sub>2</sub>] of 10,000 ppm was sufficient to achieve the maximal leaf area and shoot productivity. Lettuce plants exhibited faster shoot and root growth at 20°C-RZT than at ambient (A)-RZT. However, under elevated RZ [CO<sub>2</sub>], the magnitude of increased growth was greater at A-RZT than at 20°C-RZT. Compared to RZ [CO<sub>2</sub>] of 360 ppm, elevated RZ [CO<sub>2</sub>] of 10,000 ppm increased NO<sub>3</sub>-</sup> accumulation and nitrate reductase activity (NRA) in both leaves and roots. NO<sub>3</sub>-</sup> concentrations of leaf and root were higher at 20°C-RZT than at A-RZT in all plants. NRA was higher in root than in leaf especially under A-RZT. The total reduced nitrogen (TRN) concentration was significantly higher in plants grown under elevated RZ [CO<sub>2</sub>] of 10,000 ppm than under ambient RZ [CO<sub>2</sub>] of 360 ppm with greater concentration in 20°C-RZT plants than in A-RZT plants. These results imply that elevated RZ [CO<sub>2</sub>] significantly affected root morphology, root and shoot growth and N metabolism of temperate lettuce with greater impacts at A-RZT than at 20°C-RZT. These findings have practical significance to vegetable production by growing the vegetable crops at cool-RZT with elevated RZ [CO<sub>2</sub>] to enhance its productivity.展开更多
This paper presents a technique that increases the second-zone coverage of distance relays without causing overreach problems. The technique is based on the impedance seen by distance relays when faults are simulated ...This paper presents a technique that increases the second-zone coverage of distance relays without causing overreach problems. The technique is based on the impedance seen by distance relays when faults are simulated on the reach of zone-1 relays. The approach checks the relay operation for the maximum as well as the minimum generation outputs of the power system. The proposed technique can be used for different reach setting for zone-1. Results show that it is possible to increase the coverage provided by zone-2 distance relays without causing coordination problems with the primary relays that protect the lines emanating from the remote bus. The proposed method is modified for use in an adaptive protection system. It is shown that further improvements can be achieved when settings are calculated using the proposed method and the prevailing system conditions. The proposed method and its adaptive version were applied to a part of the Power system. The simulation of the system is done by using PSCAD-EMTDC software. The simulated results are observed and compared with the conventional and proposed technique.展开更多
为评估多温区制冷系统性能,探究其在农产品冷库贮藏中应用的可行性,设计了低碳环保型多温区复叠制冷系统。该研究以CO_(2)双温区与三温区复叠制冷系统为研究对象,通过设置压力调节阀(简称节流系统)和增压压缩机(简称增压系统)解决不同...为评估多温区制冷系统性能,探究其在农产品冷库贮藏中应用的可行性,设计了低碳环保型多温区复叠制冷系统。该研究以CO_(2)双温区与三温区复叠制冷系统为研究对象,通过设置压力调节阀(简称节流系统)和增压压缩机(简称增压系统)解决不同并联温区间的压差问题,建立两类制冷系统的热力学模型,分析了双温区和三温区复叠制冷系统运行参数对其性能系数(coefficient of performance,COP)与?效率的影响,并在参考工况下对双温区和三温区复叠制冷系统的两种运行模式进行了对比。结果表明:增压系统性能系数与?效率均高于节流系统,参考工况下双温区与三温区增压系统相对于节流系统性能系数分别提升30.4%和23.4%;双温区与三温区复叠制冷系统各部件中,冷凝器具有最大的?损,采用压力调节阀给节流系统带来了更大的能量损失;同工况下,该研究所设计的双温区和三温区增压系统性能系数是CO_(2)/R134a单温区复叠系统的1.5和2.3倍;经济性对比发现,双温区与三温区复叠制冷循环增压系统年度总成本比节流系统分别节省6554和8156美元。因此,多温区增压系统在热力性能与经济性上均优于节流系统,研究结果可为CO_(2)多温区复叠制冷系统的开发与应用提供理论基础。展开更多
In this study, we sought to elucidate the effects of melatonin on learning and memory as well as apoptosis and expression of the Bax or Bcl-2 proteins in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus in pinealectomized ra...In this study, we sought to elucidate the effects of melatonin on learning and memory as well as apoptosis and expression of the Bax or Bcl-2 proteins in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus in pinealectomized rats. Using the Morris water maze and the olfactory memory tests, we found that the average escape latency in pinealectomized rats was clearly increased compared with sham-operated rats. Moreover, the average escape latency in the melatonin-treated and pinealectomized rats was longer than that in the sham-operated rats and shorter than that in the pinealectomized and untreated rats. Immunohistochemistry and terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling （TUNEL） showed that there were fewer Bax immunoreactive cells and TUNEL-positive （apoptotic） cells but more Bcl-2 immunoreactive cells in the melatonin-treated rats compared with the pinealectomized rats. The sham-operated rats showed numbers of these cells similar to the melatonin-treated rats. These experimental findings demonstrate that melatonin treatment may reduce abnormal apoptosis by promoting gene expression of Bax and suppressing gene expression of Bcl-2 in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus in pinealectomized rats. These effects appear to result in the inhibition of cellular apoptosis and the improvement of spatial learning and memory in pinealectomized rats.展开更多
文摘目的探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,AECOPD)患者血清炎症发生区因子2(found in inflammatory zone 2,FIZZ2)和白细胞介素-33(interleukin-33,IL-33)水平变化及与预后的相关性。方法选取2020年1月~2023年1月中国科学院合肥肿瘤医院收治的102例AECOPD患者为AECOPD组,并根据预后分为生存组(n=30)和死亡组(n=72)。以同期诊治的60例稳定期COPD患者为稳定期组,以同期体检的60例健康人为对照组。采用酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)法检测血清FIZZ2和IL-33水平。采用Pearson相关性分析血清FIZZ2和IL-33与肺功能指标的相关性。多因素Logistic回归分析影响AECOPD患者预后的因素。受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析血清FIZZ2和IL-33对AECOPD患者预后预测价值。结果AECOPD组血清FIZZ2(212.19±48.47ng/L),IL-33(66.19±13.41μg/L)高于稳定期组(101.11±31.03ng/L,40.69±9.94μg/L)和对照组(42.33±7.65ng/L,26.17±8.10μg/L),差异具有统计学意义(t=15.925,26.915;12.799,20.961,均P<0.05)。血清FIZZ2,IL-33水平与第一秒用力呼气容积占预计值的百分比(forced expiratory volume in one second/predicted value ratio,FEV1%pred)、第一秒用力呼气容积与用力肺活量比值(forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity,FEV1/FVC)、动脉血氧分压(arterial partial pressure of oxygen,PaO_(2))呈负相关(r=-0.676,-0.707,-0.715;-0.662,-0.711,0.630,均P<0.05),与动脉血二氧化碳分压(arterial carbon dioxide pressure,PaCO_(2))呈正相关(r=0.712,0.689,均P<0.05)。死亡组血清FIZZ2(254.30±53.22 ng/L),IL-33(75.18±15.62μg/L)高于生存组(194.64±47.16 ng/L,62.50±12.37 ng/L),差异具有统计学意义(t=5.604,4.354,均P<0.05)。血清FIZZ2(OR=1.445,95%CI:1.094~1.909),IL-33(OR=1.701,95%CI:1.111~2.602)是影响AECOPD患者预后独立危险因素。血清FIZZ2,IL-33二者联合对AECOPD患者预后的评估的曲线下面积(95%置信区间)为0.886(0.842~0.927),高于各单项指标检测[0.834(0.798~0.890),0.806(0.779~0.846)],差异具有统计学意义(Z=4.255,4.697,均P<0.05)。结论AECOPD患者血清FIZZ2,IL-33水平升高,两者与患者肺功能有关,两者联合检测对AECOPD患者的生存预后具有较高的预测价值。
文摘This paper investigated the effects of root-zone (RZ) CO<sub>2</sub> concentration ([CO<sub>2</sub>]) on root morphology and growth, nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub>-</sup>) uptake and assimilation of lettuce plants at different root-zone temperatures (RZT). Elevated RZ [CO<sub>2</sub>] stimulated root development, root and shoot growth compared to ambient RZ [CO<sub>2</sub>]. The greatest increase in root growth was observed in plants grown under elevated RZ [CO<sub>2</sub>] of 50,000 ppm. However, RZ [CO<sub>2</sub>] of 10,000 ppm was sufficient to achieve the maximal leaf area and shoot productivity. Lettuce plants exhibited faster shoot and root growth at 20°C-RZT than at ambient (A)-RZT. However, under elevated RZ [CO<sub>2</sub>], the magnitude of increased growth was greater at A-RZT than at 20°C-RZT. Compared to RZ [CO<sub>2</sub>] of 360 ppm, elevated RZ [CO<sub>2</sub>] of 10,000 ppm increased NO<sub>3</sub>-</sup> accumulation and nitrate reductase activity (NRA) in both leaves and roots. NO<sub>3</sub>-</sup> concentrations of leaf and root were higher at 20°C-RZT than at A-RZT in all plants. NRA was higher in root than in leaf especially under A-RZT. The total reduced nitrogen (TRN) concentration was significantly higher in plants grown under elevated RZ [CO<sub>2</sub>] of 10,000 ppm than under ambient RZ [CO<sub>2</sub>] of 360 ppm with greater concentration in 20°C-RZT plants than in A-RZT plants. These results imply that elevated RZ [CO<sub>2</sub>] significantly affected root morphology, root and shoot growth and N metabolism of temperate lettuce with greater impacts at A-RZT than at 20°C-RZT. These findings have practical significance to vegetable production by growing the vegetable crops at cool-RZT with elevated RZ [CO<sub>2</sub>] to enhance its productivity.
文摘This paper presents a technique that increases the second-zone coverage of distance relays without causing overreach problems. The technique is based on the impedance seen by distance relays when faults are simulated on the reach of zone-1 relays. The approach checks the relay operation for the maximum as well as the minimum generation outputs of the power system. The proposed technique can be used for different reach setting for zone-1. Results show that it is possible to increase the coverage provided by zone-2 distance relays without causing coordination problems with the primary relays that protect the lines emanating from the remote bus. The proposed method is modified for use in an adaptive protection system. It is shown that further improvements can be achieved when settings are calculated using the proposed method and the prevailing system conditions. The proposed method and its adaptive version were applied to a part of the Power system. The simulation of the system is done by using PSCAD-EMTDC software. The simulated results are observed and compared with the conventional and proposed technique.
文摘为评估多温区制冷系统性能,探究其在农产品冷库贮藏中应用的可行性,设计了低碳环保型多温区复叠制冷系统。该研究以CO_(2)双温区与三温区复叠制冷系统为研究对象,通过设置压力调节阀(简称节流系统)和增压压缩机(简称增压系统)解决不同并联温区间的压差问题,建立两类制冷系统的热力学模型,分析了双温区和三温区复叠制冷系统运行参数对其性能系数(coefficient of performance,COP)与?效率的影响,并在参考工况下对双温区和三温区复叠制冷系统的两种运行模式进行了对比。结果表明:增压系统性能系数与?效率均高于节流系统,参考工况下双温区与三温区增压系统相对于节流系统性能系数分别提升30.4%和23.4%;双温区与三温区复叠制冷系统各部件中,冷凝器具有最大的?损,采用压力调节阀给节流系统带来了更大的能量损失;同工况下,该研究所设计的双温区和三温区增压系统性能系数是CO_(2)/R134a单温区复叠系统的1.5和2.3倍;经济性对比发现,双温区与三温区复叠制冷循环增压系统年度总成本比节流系统分别节省6554和8156美元。因此,多温区增压系统在热力性能与经济性上均优于节流系统,研究结果可为CO_(2)多温区复叠制冷系统的开发与应用提供理论基础。
文摘In this study, we sought to elucidate the effects of melatonin on learning and memory as well as apoptosis and expression of the Bax or Bcl-2 proteins in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus in pinealectomized rats. Using the Morris water maze and the olfactory memory tests, we found that the average escape latency in pinealectomized rats was clearly increased compared with sham-operated rats. Moreover, the average escape latency in the melatonin-treated and pinealectomized rats was longer than that in the sham-operated rats and shorter than that in the pinealectomized and untreated rats. Immunohistochemistry and terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling （TUNEL） showed that there were fewer Bax immunoreactive cells and TUNEL-positive （apoptotic） cells but more Bcl-2 immunoreactive cells in the melatonin-treated rats compared with the pinealectomized rats. The sham-operated rats showed numbers of these cells similar to the melatonin-treated rats. These experimental findings demonstrate that melatonin treatment may reduce abnormal apoptosis by promoting gene expression of Bax and suppressing gene expression of Bcl-2 in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus in pinealectomized rats. These effects appear to result in the inhibition of cellular apoptosis and the improvement of spatial learning and memory in pinealectomized rats.
