New genes are drivers of evolutionary innovation and phenotypic evolution. Expression of new genes in early development raises the possibility that new genes could originate and be recruited for functions in embryonic...New genes are drivers of evolutionary innovation and phenotypic evolution. Expression of new genes in early development raises the possibility that new genes could originate and be recruited for functions in embryonic development, but this remains undocu- mented. Here, based on temporal gene expression at different developmental stages in Xenopus tropicolis, we found that young protein-coding genes were significantly enriched for expression in developmental stages occurring after the midblastula trans- ition （MBT）, and displayed a decreasing trend in abundance in the subsequent stages after MBT. To complement the finding, we demonstrate essential functional attributes of a young orphan gene, named as Fog2, in morphological development. Our data indicate that new genes could originate after MBT and be recruited for functions in embryonic development, and thus provide insights for better understanding of the origin, evolution, and function of new genes.展开更多
Embryonic development represents an important reproductive phase of sexually reproducing plant species.The fusion of egg and sperm produces the plant zygote,a totipotent cell that,through cell division and cell identi...Embryonic development represents an important reproductive phase of sexually reproducing plant species.The fusion of egg and sperm produces the plant zygote,a totipotent cell that,through cell division and cell identity specification in early embryogenesis,establishes the major cell lineages and tissues of the adult plant.The subsequent morphogenesis phase produces the full-sized embryo,while the late embryogenesis maturation process prepares the seed for dormancy and subsequent germination,ensuring continuation of the plant life cycle.In this review on embryogenesis,we compare the model eudicot Arabidopsis thaliana with monocot crops,focusing on genome activation,paternal and maternal regulation of early zygote development,and key organizers of patterning,such as auxin and WOX transcription factors.While the early stages of embryo development are apparently conserved among plant species,embryo maturation programs have diversified between eudicots and monocots.This diversification in crop species reflects the likely effects of domestication on seed quality traits that are determined during embryo maturation,and also assures seed germination in different environmental conditions.This review describes the most important features of embryonic development in plants,and the scope and applications of genomics in plant embryo studies.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （31671325 and 31271339）. N.O.O. thanks the CAS-TWAS President＇s Fellowship Program for Doctoral Candidates for support.
文摘New genes are drivers of evolutionary innovation and phenotypic evolution. Expression of new genes in early development raises the possibility that new genes could originate and be recruited for functions in embryonic development, but this remains undocu- mented. Here, based on temporal gene expression at different developmental stages in Xenopus tropicolis, we found that young protein-coding genes were significantly enriched for expression in developmental stages occurring after the midblastula trans- ition （MBT）, and displayed a decreasing trend in abundance in the subsequent stages after MBT. To complement the finding, we demonstrate essential functional attributes of a young orphan gene, named as Fog2, in morphological development. Our data indicate that new genes could originate after MBT and be recruited for functions in embryonic development, and thus provide insights for better understanding of the origin, evolution, and function of new genes.
基金supported by CONACyT Ciencia Básica grant A1-S-34956.
文摘Embryonic development represents an important reproductive phase of sexually reproducing plant species.The fusion of egg and sperm produces the plant zygote,a totipotent cell that,through cell division and cell identity specification in early embryogenesis,establishes the major cell lineages and tissues of the adult plant.The subsequent morphogenesis phase produces the full-sized embryo,while the late embryogenesis maturation process prepares the seed for dormancy and subsequent germination,ensuring continuation of the plant life cycle.In this review on embryogenesis,we compare the model eudicot Arabidopsis thaliana with monocot crops,focusing on genome activation,paternal and maternal regulation of early zygote development,and key organizers of patterning,such as auxin and WOX transcription factors.While the early stages of embryo development are apparently conserved among plant species,embryo maturation programs have diversified between eudicots and monocots.This diversification in crop species reflects the likely effects of domestication on seed quality traits that are determined during embryo maturation,and also assures seed germination in different environmental conditions.This review describes the most important features of embryonic development in plants,and the scope and applications of genomics in plant embryo studies.
