Study of the Effects of Glucocorticoid on Growth and Adult Final Height in Children with Primary Nephrotic Syndrome

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of growth, as well as factors associated with growth retardation in children with primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS), and to investigate the effect of glucocorticoid (GC) use duration on growth retardation in these children. Methods: Clinical and laboratory data of 353 PNS children treated at our hospital from July 2014 to June 2015 were collected through the medical record management system. Height, weight, and GC usage were recorded. Follow-up assessments were conducted in August 2022 for the original group, recording height, weight, and GC usage. Height and weight were evaluated using standard deviation scores (SDS). Categorical data were analyzed using chi-square test while continuous measurement data were analyzed using t-test or rank-sum test. Linear regression was used to assess the association between two single independent variables, and logistic regression analysis was used to screen for risk factors related to growth retardation in children with PNS. Results: Among the 353 PNS children enrolled in this study, male-to-female ratio of 2.64:1 (256 males vs 97 females). A total of 119 children exhibited growth retardation, incidence rate of 33.71%. The duration of GC usage among those with growth retardation was significantly longer compared to those without it (762.81 ± 934.50 days vs 263.77 ± 420.49 days;p Conclusion: PNS children treated with GC have a high incidence of growth retardation, and a high proportion of short stature in adulthood, especially in children with growth retardation in childhood, most of them have short stature after grown up. Time of GC usage is a risk factor for growth retardation in children with PNS.

Progress in the Use of Glucocorticoids and Biological Agents in Non-Infectious Uveitis

One of the main immune-mediated diseases that lead to avoidable blindness is non-infectious uveitis. Glucocorticoids are the first-line therapy choice for noninfectious uveitis;however, biologics are also showing promise in the management of this condition. The description of glucocorticoid and biologic usage in non-infectious uveitis is the main topic of this paper.

Comparison of inebilizumab or rituximab in addition to glucocorticoid therapy for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders

AIM:To investigate the short-term efficacy and safety of inebilizumab for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders(NMOSD).METHODS:A total of 33 patients with NMOSD treated with inebilizumab(Group INB,n=15)or rituximab(Group RTX,n=18)in addition to high-dose glucocorticoids were included.Both groups underwent hormone shock therapy during the acute phase.Subsequently,Group INB received inebilizumab injections during the remission phase,while Group RTX received rituximab injections.A comparison of aquaporins 4(AQP4)titer values,peripheral blood B lymphocyte counts,and visual function recovery was conducted before and 8wk after treatment.Additionally,adverse reactions and patient tolerability were analyzed after using inebilizumab treatment regimes.RESULTS:Following inebilizumab treatment,there was a significantly improvement in the visual acuity of NMOSD patients(P<0.05),accompanied by a notable decrease in AQP4 titer values and B lymphocyte ratio(P<0.05).Moreover,inebilizumab treatment showed a partial effect in preventing optic nerve atrophy(P<0.05).However,there were no significant differences in other therapeutic effects compared to rituximab,which has previously demonstrated substantial therapeutic efficacy(P>0.05).Furthermore,inebilizumab exhibited higher safety levels than that of rituximab injections.CONCLUSION:The combination of inebilizumab and high-dose glucocorticoids proves to be effective.In comparison to rituximab injections,inebilizumab displays better tolerance and safety.Moreover,it demonstrates a partial effect in preventing optic nerve atrophy.Thus,it stands as an effective method to reduce the disability rates and improve the daily living ability of patients with NMOSD.

Role of Peripheral Regulatory T Lymphocytes in Patients with Thyroid Associated Ophthalmopathy During Systemic Glucocorticoid Treatment:A Prospective Observational Study

Objective Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy(TAO)is an autoimmune disorder involving the orbital tissue.This study aimed to understand the role of regulatory T cells(Tregs)in TAO during 12-week systemic glucocorticoid(GC)treatment.Methods Thirty-two moderate-severe TAO patients with a clinical activity score(CAS)≥3/7 or with prolonged T2 relaxation time(T2RT)on at least one side of extraocular muscle(EOM)were enrolled.The percentage of the peripheral CD4+CD25(high)CD127(−/low)Tregs was analyzed using flow cytometry before and after the GC treatment.The activity and severity of TAO,T2RT,and the clinical outcomes after the GC treatment were assessed.Their correlation with the peripheral Tregs was investigated.Results There was no significant association between the baseline Treg fraction and the activity and severity of TAO or the treatment response.A significant reduction of Tregs was observed after the GC therapy merely in patients without any clinical improvement.Conclusion Treg reduction after systemic GC therapy is indicative of a poor therapeutic response.Accordingly,dynamic alterations of Tregs could help to evaluate the effectiveness of the GC treatment.

三七有效成分调控激素性股骨头坏死的相关信号通路

背景:激素性股骨头坏死是骨科领域难治和难愈性疾病,尚无确切研究观点完整解释其病理机制。随着三七有效成分干预多种疾病相关信号通路的研究增加,三七有效成分通过调控激素性股骨头坏死相关信号通路治疗该病逐渐成为时下研究热点。目的:系统总结分析近年来激素性股骨头坏死病理机制研究文献和三七有效成分调控该病相关信号通路的相关文献内容,为后续研究三七有效成分治疗该病提供参考。方法:检索中国知网及万方数据库,中文检索词为“糖皮质激素,激素性股骨头坏死,病理机制,信号通路,三七,有效成分”等;检索PubMed数据库,英文检索词为”Glucocorticoid,steroid associated necrosis of the femoral head,Pathological mechanism,signaling pathway,Panax notoginseng,active ingredient”等,筛选激素性股骨头坏死病理机制相关文献和三七有效成分调控激素性股骨头坏死相关信号通路文献,最终共纳入63篇文献。结果与结论:①三七主要成分包括三七总皂苷、人参皂苷、三七皂苷、槲皮素和山柰酚等。②在调控相关通路方面,三七总皂苷、人参皂苷Rb1和槲皮素作用于转化生长因子β/骨形态发生蛋白通路,能促进骨修复和血管新生;三七总皂苷、人参皂苷CK和山柰酚作用于Wnt/β-catenin通路,可促进成骨分化和脂质代谢;三七总皂苷及三七皂苷R1/R2作用于MAPK通路,抑制破骨和促进骨修复;三七总皂苷、人参皂苷Rb2及槲皮素作用于RANKL/RANK/骨保护蛋白通路,可抑制破骨增殖并促进成骨分化;三七总皂苷、槲皮素及山柰酚作用于缺氧诱导因子1α通路,能修复血管损伤和促进成骨。③三七皂苷R1、槲皮素联合羟基磷灰石纳米颗粒、三七总皂苷联合聚乙烯-L-乳酸等生物材料治疗激素性股骨头坏死具有良好的研究前景。④三七有效成分可通过多种机制调控激素性股骨头坏死相关信号通路,对该病起到积极的干预作用,但目前相关研究深度和广度不足,未来应基于现有的机制研究,深入探究三七调控该病不同通路的具体机制及通路间相互作用,将有利于运用三七有效成分治疗激素性股骨头坏死的多元发展。

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法快速测定动物组织中地塞米松与倍他米松药物残留

在承担糖皮质激素风险监测任务时,发现2个现行有效的关于检测动物组织中糖皮质激素的国家标准(农业部1031号公告-2—2008《动物源性食品中糖皮质激素类药物多残留检测液相色谱-串联质谱法》和GB/T 21981—2008《动物源食品中激素多残留检测方法液相色谱-质谱/质谱法》)中的样品前处理均采用了固相萃取方法,从而导致了检测过程中过柱净化烦琐、氮吹浓缩时间长、检测成本高、生态环境不友好等诸多弊端。在经过大量实验研究及经实际工作应用检验的基础上,研究简化了动物组织中地塞米松和倍他米松残留检测中样品前处理固相萃取过柱和氮吹过程,建立了快速、准确、灵敏的动物组织(牛肝、牛肉、猪肝与猪肉)中残留的地塞米松和倍他米松的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱的同时检测方法。样品在盐析条件下经乙腈提取,正己烷脱脂,采用电喷雾多反应监测、负离子模式测定,对动物组织中地塞米松和倍他米松进行定性和定量。地塞米松和倍他米松的检出限可达0.5μg/kg,定量限可达1.0μg/kg。在地塞米松和倍他米松的质量浓度为0.1~50.0μg/L,峰强度与质量浓度的线性关系良好(R 2>0.99)。在地塞米松和倍他米松的1.0、2.0、5.0μg/kg添加浓度下,方法的平均回收率在83.3%~98.2%。希望该研究可为实验室大批量检测此类药物在动物组织中的残留提供一定的借鉴。

Glucocorticoid reduces the efficacy of afatinib on the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Glucocorticoids(GC)are widely used to counter the adverse events during cancer therapy;nonetheless,previous studies pointed out that GC may reduce the efficacy of chemotherapy on cancer cells,especially in epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)-targeted therapy of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC)remaining to be elucidated.The primary aim of the present study was to probe into the GC-induced resistance of EGFR-targeted drug afatinib and the underlying mechanism.HNSCC cell lines(HSC-3,SCC-25,SCC-9,and H-400)and the human oral keratinocyte(HOK)cell lines were assessed for GC receptor(GR)expression.The promoting tumor growth effect of GC was evaluated by the CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry.Levels of signaling pathways participants GR,mTOR,and EGFR were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting.GC increased the proliferation of HNSCC cells in a GR-dependent manner and promoted AKT/mTOR signaling.But GC failed in counteracting the inhibition of rapamycin in the mTOR signaling pathway.Besides,GC also induced resistance to EGFR-targeted drug afatinib through AKT/mTOR instead of the EGFR/ERK signaling pathway.Thus,GCs reduce the efficacy of afatinib on HNSCC,implicating a cautious use of glucocorticoids in clinical practice.

Association analysis of BclI with benign lymphoepithelial lesions of the lacrimal gland and glucocorticoids resistance

AIM:To evaluate the relationship between gene polymorphism(BclI,ER22/23EK,N363S)and the occurrence,progression and sensitivity to glucocorticoid of lacrimal gland benign lymphoepithelial lesion(LGBLEL).METHODS:Clinical peripheral blood samples of 52 LGBLEL patients and 10 normal volunteers were collected for DNA extraction and polymerase chain reaction sequencing to analyze single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)genotypes.The lacrimal tissues of LGBLEL were surgically removed and made into paraffin sections for subsequent hematoxylin-eosin(HE)and Masson staining analysis.The duration of disease and hormone use of LGBLEL patients from diagnosis to surgery were also analyzed.The Meta-analysis follows PRISMA guidelines to conducted a systematic review of human studies investigating the relationship between the NR3C1 BclI polymorphism and glucocorticoids(GCs)sensitivity.RESULTS:There was no association between ER22/23EK or N363S and the occurrence of LGBLEL or GCs sensitivity(P>0.05);BclI GC genotype was closely related to GCs resistance(P=0.03)as is the minor allele C(P=0.0017).The HE staining and Masson staining showed that the GC genotype of BclI remarkably slowed down the disease progression and reduced fibrosis(P<0.05),especially for GCs-dependent patients(P<0.0001).Meta-analysis showed that BclI was not significantly associated with GCs responsiveness.CONCLUSION:The LGBLEL patients who carry the NR3C1 BclI allele C may be more sensitive to GCs and associated with lower fibrosis and slower disease progression.The results may guide the clinical treatment strategy for the LGBLEL patients.

Glucocorticoid pulse therapy in an elderly patient with post-COVID-19 organizing pneumonia:A case report

BACKGROUND Pulmonary fibrosis often occurs as a sequel of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19);however,in some cases,it can rapidly progress,similar to the acute exacerbation of interstitial lung disease.Glucocorticoids are the standard treatment for severe COVID-19 pneumonia requiring oxygen supply;however,the post-COVID-19 efficacy of high-dose steroid therapy remains unclear.Here,we presented a case of an 81-year-old man who developed acute respiratory failure after COVID-19 and was treated with glucocorticoid pulse therapy.CASE SUMMARY An 81-year-old man with no respiratory symptoms was admitted due to a diabetic foot.He had been previously treated for COVID-19 pneumonia six weeks prior.However,upon admission,he suddenly complained of dyspnea and required a high-flow oxygen supply.Initial simple chest radiography and computed tomography(CT)revealed diffuse ground-glass opacities and consolidation in both lungs.However,repeated sputum tests did not identify any infectious pathogens,and initial broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy did not result in any clinical improvement with the patient having an increasing oxygen demand.The patient was diagnosed with post-COVID-19 organizing pneumonia.Thus,we initiated glucocorticoid pulse therapy of 500 mg for three days followed by a tapered dose on hospital day(HD)9.After three days of pulse treatment,the patient's oxygen demand decreased.The patient was subsequently discharged on HD 41,and chest radiography and CT scans have almost normalized nine months after discharge.CONCLUSION Glucocorticoid pulse therapy may be considered when the usual glucocorticoid dose is ineffective for patients with COVID-19 sequelae.

Glucocorticoid reduction induced chorea in pediatric-onset systemic lupus erythematosus:A case report

BACKGROUND Pediatric-onset systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)is typically more severe than adult-onset SLE,with a higher incidence of nervous system involvement.Chorea is a relatively rare neurological complication reported in 2.4%-7%of SLE patients.In particular,chorea induced by glucocorticoid dose reduction is even rarer.Herein,we report the case of a girl with SLE,who developed chorea during the process of glucocorticoid therapy reduction.CASE SUMMARY We describe a 14-year-old girl who was diagnosed with SLE.She was treated with methylprednisolone and rituximab,and her symptoms improved.On the second day after the methylprednisolone dose was reduced according to the treatment guidelines,the patient developed chorea.Her condition improved after adjusting her glucocorticoid regimen.CONCLUSION This case is a reminder that extra attention to chorea is required in SLE patients during glucocorticoid dose reduction.

Effect of Gubi Tongxiao granules on osteoblast injury induced by glucocorticoid

Objective:To explore the mechanism of Gubi Tongxiao granule in treating osteoblast injury induced by glucocorticoid.Methods:Mouse osteogenic precursor cell MC3T3-E1 was cultured in vitro,the control group was conventionally cultured,the model group was treated with dexamethasone(10^(-5) M,10^(-6) M,10^(-7) M)solution with gradient concentration to induce injury,and the experimental group was added with Gubi Tongxiao granule drug-containing serum to intervene culture on the basis of the model group.Cell viability was detected by CCK-8 method,autophagy and apoptosis were detected by MDC/PI staining,Beclin-1,Bcl-2 and Bax expression levels were detected by Western-blot,and the expression of target genes in each group was analyzed by RT-qPCR.Results:Compared with the control group,the activity of osteoblasts in the model decreased significantly.The effect of dexamethasone on autophagy and apoptosis of MC3T3-E1 cells was time-dependent and dose-dependent(P<0.05).The autophagy marker Beclin-1 increased at low doses of dexamethasone(10^(-7) or 10^(-6) M)and decreased at high doses(10^(-5) M).Compared with model group,Beclin-1 and Bax mRNA expression in experimental group decreased(P<0.01),and Bcl-2 mRNA expression was significantly up-regulated(P<0.01).In addition,the results of semi-quantitative analysis of apoptosis staining showed that autophagy and apoptosis were inhibited in different degrees(P<0.01).Conclusion:Gubi Tongxiao granule has a protective effect on osteoblast injury caused by dexamethasone,and can effectively reduce autophagy and apoptosis induced by glucocorticoid,which may be one of the mechanisms of maintaining bone mass and delaying the occurrence and development of femoral head necrosis.

Efficacy and anti-inflammatory analysis of glucocorticoid,antihistamine and leukotriene receptor antagonist in the treatment of allergic rhinitis

BACKGROUND There are many adverse reactions in the treatment of allergic rhinitis(AR)mainly with conventional drugs.Leukotriene receptor antagonists,glucocorticoids and nasal antihistamines can all be used as first-line drugs for AR,but the clinical effects of the three drugs are not clear.AIM To examine the impact of glucocorticoids,antihistamines,and leukotriene receptor antagonists on individuals diagnosed with AR,specifically focusing on their influence on serum inflammatory indexes.METHODS The present retrospective study focused on the clinical data of 80 patients diagnosed and treated for AR at our hospital between May 2019 and May 2021.The participants were categorized into the control group and the observation group.The control group received leukotriene receptor antagonists,while the observation group was administered glucocorticoids and antihistamines.Conducted an observation and comparison of the symptoms,physical sign scores,adverse reactions,and effects on serum inflammatory indexes in two distinct groups of patients,both before and after treatment.RESULTS Subsequent to treatment,the nasal itching score,sneeze score,runny nose score,nasal congestion score,and physical signs score exhibited notable discrepancies(P<0.05),with the observation group demonstrating superior outcomes compared to the control group(P<0.05).The interleukin(IL)-6,IL-10,tumor necrosis factor-alpha,Soluble Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1,Leukotriene D4 after treatment were significantly different and the observation group It is better than the control group,which is statistically significant(P<0.05).Following the intervention,the incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group,including symptoms such as nasal dryness,discomfort in the throat,bitter taste in the mouth,and minor erosion of the nasal mucosa,was found to be 7.5%.This rate was significantly lower compared to the control group,which reported an incidence of 27.5%.The difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Glucocorticoids and antihistamines have obvious therapeutic effects,reduce serum inflammatory index levels,relieve symptoms and signs of patients,and promote patients'recovery,which can provide a reference for clinical treatment of AR.

Glucocorticoid-induced thrombotic microangiopathy in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria:A case report and review of literature

BACKGROUND Thrombotic microangiopathy(TMA)is a group of disorders that converge on excessive platelet aggregation in the microvasculature,leading to consumptive thrombocytopenia,microangiopathic hemolysis and ischemic end-organ dysfunction.In predisposed patients,TMA can be triggered by many environmental factors.Glucocorticoids(GCs)can compromise the vascular endothelium.However,GC-associated TMA has rarely been reported,which may be due to the lack of awareness of clinicians.Given the high frequency of thrombocytopenia during GC treatment,particular attention should be given to this potentially fatal complication.CASE SUMMARY An elderly Chinese man had a 12-year history of aplastic anemia(AA)and a 3-year history of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria(PNH).Three months earlier,methylprednisolone treatment was initiated at 8 mg/d and increased to 20 mg/d to alleviate complement-mediated hemolysis.Following GC treatment,his platelet counts and hemoglobin levels rapidly decreased.After admission to our hospital,the dose of methylprednisolone was increased to 60 mg/d in an attempt to enhance the suppressive effect.However,increasing the GC dose did not alleviate hemolysis,and his cytopenia worsened.Morphological evaluation of the marrow smears revealed increased cellularity with an increased percentage of erythroid progenitors without evident dysplasia.Cluster of differentiation(CD)55 and CD59 expression was significantly decreased on erythrocytes and granulocytes.In the following days,platelet transfusion was required due to severe thrombocytopenia.Observation of platelet transfusion refractoriness indicated that the exacerbated cytopenia may have been caused by the development of TMA due to GC treatment because the transfused platelet concentrates had no defects in glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins.We examined blood smears and found a small number of schistocytes,dacryocytes,acanthocytes and target cells.Discontinuation of GC treatment resulted in rapidly increased platelet counts and steady increases in hemoglobin levels.The patient’s platelet counts and hemoglobin levels returned to the levels prior to GC treatment 4 weeks after GC discontinuation.CONCLUSION GCs can drive TMA episodes.When thrombocytopenia occurs during GC treatment,TMA should be considered,and GCs should be discontinued.

Transcription factor glucocorticoid modulatory element-binding protein 1 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression by activating Yes-associate protein 1

BACKGROUND Glucocorticoid modulatory element-binding protein 1(GMEB1),which has been identified as a transcription factor,is a protein widely expressed in various tissues.Reportedly,the dysregulation of GMEB1 is linked to the genesis and development of multiple cancers.AIM To explore GMEB1’s biological functions in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)and figuring out the molecular mechanism.METHODS GMEB1 expression in HCC tissues was analyzed employing the StarBase database.Immunohistochemical staining,Western blotting and quantitative realtime PCR were conducted to examine GMEB1 and Yes-associate protein 1(YAP1)expression in HCC cells and tissues.Cell counting kit-8 assay,Transwell assay and flow cytometry were utilized to examine HCC cell proliferation,migration,invasion and apoptosis,respectively.The JASPAR database was employed for predicting the binding site of GMEB1 with YAP1 promoter.Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation-qPCR were conducted to verify the binding relationship of GMEB1 with YAP1 promoter region.RESULTS GMEB1 was up-regulated in HCC cells and tissues,and GMEB1 expression was correlated to the tumor size and TNM stage of HCC patients.GMEB1 overexpression facilitated HCC cell multiplication,migration,and invasion,and suppressed the apoptosis,whereas GMEB1 knockdown had the opposite effects.GMEB1 bound to YAP1 promoter region and positively regulated YAP1 expression in HCC cells.CONCLUSION GMEB1 facilitates HCC malignant proliferation and metastasis by promoting the transcription of the YAP1 promoter region.

糖皮质激素治疗IgA肾病:来自IgA肾病激素治疗评估的全球研究临床试验的经验

原发性IgA肾病(IgA nephropathy,IgAN)是一种常见的肾小球疾病,是导致肾功能衰竭的重要原因,主要见于青年人和儿童。在过去的几十年里,糖皮质激素疗法一直备受争议。IgA肾病激素治疗评估的全球研究(the therapeutic effects of steroids in IgA nephropathy global,TESTING)始于2012年,是一项国际性、多中心、双盲、随机、安慰剂对照试验,旨在评估在优化支持治疗条件下口服甲泼尼龙治疗进展风险高的IgAN患者的安全性和长期疗效。经过十年的努力,这项研究的成功完成表明,6~9个月的口服甲泼尼龙是保护IgAN高危患者肾功能的有效方案,但也显示出安全问题。TESTING研究发现,与全剂量甲泼尼龙方案相比,减少剂量的甲泼尼龙方案是有益的,且剂量的减少有助于提高甲泼尼龙的使用安全性。总的来说,TESTING研究提供了更多关于IgAN中糖皮质激素治疗剂量和安全性的数据。TESTING研究结果给患有IgAN的患儿提供了重要的启示。随着对IgAN发病机制的深入了解,正在进行的新治疗方案的研究将有助于进一步优化IgAN治疗的获益-风险比。

Occurrences of Glucocorticoids in Aquatic Environment and Their Removal during Wastewater Treatment

Glucocorticoids(GCs) are a group of endocrine-disrupting compounds(EDCs) frequently prescribed against various medical conditions.Recently,GCs have been shown to be effective in managing septic shock in patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus(COVID-19).Due to colossal consumption and potential risks to aquatic organisms,GCs have immensely attracted the focus of the scientific research community as a water pollutant.Therefore,the aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge on the occurrence of various GCs in the aquatic environment and their removal during wastewater treatment.A variety of GCs are ubiquitous in surface water,hospital wastewater,and sewage water worldwide.And the minimum concentration in volume is below 0.01 ng/L,and the maximum one is 10 000 ng/L,and enter the environment through hospital and urban wastewater discharging.Compared with natural GCs,higher risks to aquatic environments could be induced by synthetic GCs.The current activated sludge processes used in wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs) are not fully effective in eliminating GCs,some of which may further increase the risk of GC in the environment.In comparison with the aerobic process in WWTPs,the anaerobic and anoxic processes were found to be more efficient for GC degradation.Of the studied GCs,fluticasone propionate,clobetasol propionate,fluocinolone acetonide,and triamcinolone acetonide need more attention due to their low removal efficiencies and strong toxicity.Among the advanced treatment processes,reverse osmosis,ultraviolet irradiation,CaO_(2),and plasma could achieve significant GC activity removal while micro/ultra-filtration,chlorination,and ozonation were less efficient.

由“阳有余而阴不足”探讨自噬调节糖皮质激素介导的破骨分化

目前,糖皮质激素(glucocorticoids,GC)在临床上被广泛应用于抑制炎症反应与免疫系统,然而GC的长期大量应用会引起破骨细胞过度活跃,导致骨质疏松症以及相关骨折,被称为糖皮质激素性骨质疏松症(GIOP)。GIOP属于中医学“骨痿”“骨枯”的范畴,“骨痿”的发病病机与机体阴阳失衡密切相关。细胞自噬作为一种自我保护机制,对维持机体内环境平衡、调节“成骨-破骨”形成的骨稳态至关重要。成骨细胞与破骨细胞介导的骨稳态与中医理论中的阴阳自和理论不谋而合。本文基于GIOP发病的病机“阳有余而阴不足”探讨通过“调节自噬-平衡阴阳”来调控骨稳态,为防治GIOP提供新的思路。

免疫检查点抑制剂相关胰腺炎的研究进展

免疫检查点抑制剂(ICI)相关胰腺炎是ICIs罕见的消化道不良反应,目前发病机制尚不明确,推测可能与ICIs触发非特异性炎症T细胞介导的免疫反应有关;ICIs联合用药、黑色素瘤、65岁以下人群及既往有胰腺炎病史均是其危险因素。ICIs相关胰腺炎可表现为伴或不伴症状的胰酶升高,其诊断依赖于病史、实验室评估及影像学检查。ICIs相关胰腺炎可采用与经典急性胰腺炎相似的方式进行管理,其治疗主要包括液体复苏和疼痛控制,以及并发症防治。其中糖皮质激素是中、重度ICIs相关胰腺炎治疗的基石,传统免疫抑制剂及生物制剂的应用仍需进一步开发。

岩藻黄质活化核因子E2相关因子2改善糖皮质激素诱导的成骨细胞凋亡

背景:骨质疏松症发病率高,易导致骨折等并发症的发生,而现有药物干预不良反应大,难以满足临床需求。目的:探索岩藻黄质对糖皮质激素诱导成骨细胞骨质疏松症模型的作用与潜在机制。方法:将原代大鼠成骨细胞接种于6孔板内,待细胞融合度达到80%后分4组干预:对照组单纯培养24 h,糖皮质激素组使用地塞米松干预24 h,岩藻黄质组使用岩藻黄质干预24 h,糖皮质激素+岩藻黄质组使用地塞米松与岩藻黄质同时干预24 h。干预结束后,检测细胞增殖、凋亡、细胞内活性氧含量以及凋亡相关蛋白、骨形成相关蛋白、细胞核核因子E2相关因子2的蛋白表达。结果与结论:①CCK-8检测显示,与对照组比较,糖皮质激素组细胞活性降低(P<0.05);与糖皮质激素组比较,糖皮质激素+岩藻黄质组细胞活性升高(P<0.05);②JC-1线粒体膜电位染色与流式细胞学检测显示,与对照组比较,糖皮质激素组细胞凋亡比例增加(P<0.05);与糖皮质激素组比较,糖皮质激素+岩藻黄质组细胞凋亡比例减少(P<0.05);③Western Blot检测显示,与对照组比较,糖皮质激素组BAX、裂解聚ADP核糖聚合酶的蛋白表达升高(P<0.05),BCL2、Ⅰ型胶原蛋白α1肽链、碱性磷酸酶、骨钙蛋白、RUNX2的蛋白表达降低(P<0.05);与糖皮质激素组比较,糖皮质激素+岩藻黄质组BAX、裂解聚ADP核糖聚合酶的蛋白表达降低(P<0.05),BCL2、Ⅰ型胶原蛋白α1肽链、碱性磷酸酶、骨钙蛋白、RUNX2的蛋白表达升高(P<0.05);④荧光探针检测显示,与对照组比较,糖皮质激素组活性氧含量增加(P<0.05);与糖皮质激素组比较,糖皮质激素+岩藻黄质组活性氧含量减少(P<0.05);⑤免疫荧光染色与Western Blot检测显示,与对照组比较,糖皮质激素组细胞核核因子E2相关因子2的蛋白表达降低(P<0.05);与糖皮质激素组比较,糖皮质激素+岩藻黄质组细胞核核因子E2相关因子2的蛋白表达升高(P<0.05);⑥结果表明,岩藻黄质通过活化核因子E2相关因子2改善糖皮质激素诱导的成骨细胞凋亡与骨形成相关分子表达。

他克莫司、吗替麦考酚酯联合糖皮质激素治疗抗中性粒细胞胞质抗体相关性血管炎肾损害的效果

目的比较他克莫司(tacrolimus,TAC)、吗替麦考酚酯(mycophenolate mofetil,MMF)联合糖皮质激素治疗抗中性粒细胞胞质抗体(anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody,ANCA)相关性血管炎(ANCA-associated vasculitis,AAV)肾损害的效果。方法选取医院收治的AAV患者80例,用随机数字表法分为A组(n=41,予以TAC联合糖皮质激素治疗)和B组(n=39,予以MMF联合糖皮质激素治疗)。比较2组患者ANCA、伯明翰血管炎活动性评分(Birmingham vasculitis activity score,BVAS)、肾功能及血管内皮功能相关指标、细胞免疫指标、不良反应。结果治疗后,2组的ANCA、BVAS、24 h尿蛋白定量(24-hour urinary pro⁃tein quantification,24 h UPQ)、尿素氮(blood urea nitrogen,BUN)、胱抑素C(cystatin C,CysC)、可溶性血管内皮细胞生长因子受体1(soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1,SFlt-1)、溶酶体相关膜蛋白2(recombinant lysosomal associated membrane protein 2,LAMP-2)抗体、血管内皮细胞生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)均降低(P<0.05),且A组较B组低(P<0.05);2组的CD4+均升高,A组较B组更高(P<0.05);2组的CD8+、CD19+均降低,A组较B组更低(P<0.05)。A组的不良反应总发生率(9.76%)较B组(28.21%)低(P<0.05)。结论与MMF联合糖皮质激素治疗方案比较,TAC联合糖皮质激素治疗AAV肾损害在降低血清ANCA值、减小BVAS、改善肾功能、保护血管内皮功能、调节细胞免疫等方面的效果更加显著,且安全性高。