中医经典海外传播对中医药国际化具有重要意义,然而目前中医经典海外传播存在课程覆盖面有限、语言障碍、师资明显不足等困境。通过考察法国汉学家伊丽莎白(Elisabeth Rochat de la Vallée,中文名罗姹)在美国科罗拉中医教学时的《黄帝...中医经典海外传播对中医药国际化具有重要意义,然而目前中医经典海外传播存在课程覆盖面有限、语言障碍、师资明显不足等困境。通过考察法国汉学家伊丽莎白(Elisabeth Rochat de la Vallée,中文名罗姹)在美国科罗拉中医教学时的《黄帝内经》课堂,发现其以“汉字立论”的跨国际授课方式对中医经典的海外传播与教授具有借鉴意义。未来,中医经典海外传播应加大人才培养力度,保持积极的开放态度,并与更多海外汉学家建立联系。展开更多
Covalent organic frameworks(COFs)are promising materials for converting solar energy into green hydrogen.However,limited charge separation and transport in COFs impede their application in the photocatalytic hydrogen ...Covalent organic frameworks(COFs)are promising materials for converting solar energy into green hydrogen.However,limited charge separation and transport in COFs impede their application in the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).In this study,the intrinsically tunable inter-nal bond electric field(IBEF)at the imine bonds of COFs was manipulated to cooperate with the internal molecular electric field(IMEF)induced by the donor-acceptor(D-A)structure for an effi-cient HER.The aligned orientation of IBEF and IMEF resulted in a remarkable H_(2)evolution rate of 57.3 mmol·g^(-1)·h^(-1)on TNCA,which was approximately 520 times higher than that of TCNA(0.11 mmol·g^(-1)·h^(-1))with the opposing electric field orientation.The superposition of the dual electric fields enables the IBEF to function as an accelerating field for electron transfer,kinetically facilitat-ing the migration of photogenerated electrons from D to A.Furthermore,theoretical calculations indicate that the inhomogeneous charge distribution at the C and N atoms in TNCA not only pro-vides a strong driving force for carrier transfer but also effectively hinders the return of free elec-trons to the valence band,improving the utilization of photoelectrons.This strategy of fabricating dual electric fields in COFs offers a novel approach to designing photocatalysts for clean energy synthesis.展开更多
Objective To observe the value of long TR three-dimensional inversion recovery sequence with real reconstruction(3D real IR)for quantifying inner ear endolymphatic hydrops(EH).Methods Totally 46 Ménière'...Objective To observe the value of long TR three-dimensional inversion recovery sequence with real reconstruction(3D real IR)for quantifying inner ear endolymphatic hydrops(EH).Methods Totally 46 Ménière's disease(MD)patients and 21 healthy volunteers were prospectively enrolled.MR scanning for inner ear based on 3D real IR and 3D fluid attenuated inversion recovery(3D FLAIR)sequence 4—6 h after administration of contrast agents were performed.The imaging qualities were scored and compared between groups.The endolymphatic space area and the membranous labyrinth area of cochlea and vestibule,as well as endolymph/membranous labyrinth area percentage were calculated,the present or not of EH and the grade of EH were evaluated.EH inner ears of MD patients were enrolled in EH group,while inner ears of healthy volunteers were taken as controls(control group).The endolymphatic space area,membranous labyrinth area and endolymph/membranous labyrinth area percentage of cochlea and vestibule were compared between groups.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was drawn to calculate the diagnostic efficacy of the above indexes.Results Cochlear and/or vestibular EH were detected in 56 ears,including cochlear EH in 52 ears and vestibular EH in 45 ears among 46 MD patients(EH group),but not in 42 ears in control group.The subjective quality scores of 3D real IR images were higher than those of 3D-FLAIR(both P<0.05).Quantitative analysis based on 3D real IR images revealed that,compared with control group,significantly larger endolymph areas and endolymph/membranous labyrinth area percentages in both cochlea and vestibule were found in EH group(all P<0.001).The area under the curve(AUC)of cochlear or vestibular endolymph/membranous labyrinth area percentage for identifying inner ear EH was 0.999 and 0.985,respectively.Taken 13.64%and 24.13%as the critical value of cochlear or vestibular endolymph,the specificity was 100%and 92.86%,respectively,and the sensitivity was 96.43%and 96.43%,respectively.Conclusion MR long TR 3D real IR was helpful to quantifying inner ear EH.展开更多
Background,aim,and scope Owing to the rapid development of modernisation and urbanisation,living standards have gradually improved.However,the widespread use of high-energy-consuming indoor appliances and furniture ha...Background,aim,and scope Owing to the rapid development of modernisation and urbanisation,living standards have gradually improved.However,the widespread use of high-energy-consuming indoor appliances and furniture has made indoor environments a primary environmental problem affecting human health.Sick building syndrome(SBS)and building-related illness(BRI)have occurred,and indoor air conditions have been extensively studied.Common indoor pollutants include CO,CO_(2),volatile organic compounds(VOCs)(such as the formaldehyde and benzene series),NOx(NO and NO_(2)),and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs).VOCs have replaced SO_(2)as the“The Fourteenth Five-Year Plan”urban air quality assessment new indicators.Indoor VOCs can cause diseases such as cataract,asthma,and lung cancer.To protect human health,researchers have proposed several indoor air purification technologies,including adsorption,filtration,electrostatic dust removal,ozonation,and plant purification.However,each technology has drawbacks,such as high operating costs,high energy consumption,and the generation of secondary waste or toxic substances.Plant degradation of VOCs as a bioremediation technology has the characteristics of low cost,high efficiency,and sustainability,thereby becoming a potential green solution for improving indoor air quality.This study introduces the research status and mechanism of plant removal of indoor VOCs and provides an experimental basis and scientific guidance for analysing the mechanism of plant degradation of pollutants.Materials and methods This study reviews studies on the harm caused by indoor pollutants to human health and related sources,mainly investigating the degradation of indoor formaldehyde,BTEX(benzene,toluene,ethylbenzene,and xylene)plant mechanisms,and research results.Results Plants can remove VOCs via stomatal and non-stomatal adsorption,interfoliar microbial,rhizosphere microbial,and growth media.Benzene,toluene,and xylene(BTX)are adsorbed by pores,hydroxylated into fumaric acid,and then removed into CO_(2)and H2O by TCA.Formaldehyde enters plant leaves through the stomata and epidermal waxy substances and is adsorbed.After the two steps of enzymatic oxidation,formic acid and CO_(2)are generated.Finally,it enters the Calvin cycle and removes glucose and other nontoxic compounds.Discussion The non-stomatal degradation of VOCs can be divided into adsorption by cuticular wax and active adsorption by plant surface microorganisms.The leaf epidermal waxy matter content and the lipid composition of the epidermal membrane covering the plant surface play important roles in the non-stomatal adsorption of indoor air pollutants.The leaf margin of a plant is an ecological environment containing various microbial communities.The endophytic and inoculated microbiota in plant buds and leaves can remove VOCs(formaldehyde and BTEX).Formaldehyde can be directly absorbed by plant leaves and converted into organic acids,sugars,CO_(2)and H2O by microbes.Bioremediation of indoor VOCs is usually inefficient,leading to plant toxicity or residual chemical substance volatilisation through leaves,followed by secondary pollution.Therefore,plants must be inoculated with microorganisms to improve the efficiency of plant degradation of VOCs.However,the effectiveness of interfoliar microbial removal remains largely unknown and several microorganisms are not culturable.Therefore,methods for collecting,identifying,and culturing microorganisms must be developed.As the leaf space is a relatively unstable environment,the degradation of VOCs by rhizosphere microorganisms is equally important,and formaldehyde is absorbed more by rhizosphere microorganisms at night.The inoculation of bacteria into the rhizosphere improves the efficiency of plants in degrading VOCs.However,most of these studies were conducted in simulation chambers.To ensure the authenticity of these conclusions,the ability of plants to remove indoor air pollutants must be further verified in real situations.Conclusions Plant purification is an economical,environment-friendly,and sustainable remediation technology.This review summarises the mechanisms of VOC plant degradation and presents its limitations.Simultaneously,it briefly puts forward a plant selection scheme according to different temperatures,light,and specific VOCs that can be absorbed to choose the appropriate plant species.However,some studies have denied the purification effect of plants and proposed that numerous plants are required to achieve indoor ventilation effects.Therefore,determining the ability of plants to remove indoor VOCs requires a combination of realistic and simulated scenarios.Recommendations and perspectives Plants and related microorganisms play an important role in improving indoor air quality,therefore,the effect of plants and the related microorganisms on improving indoor air quality must be studied further and the effect of plants on indoor VOCs will be the focus of future research.展开更多
This study investigates the differences in pragmatic competence between Hong Kong and Chinese mainland university students.Participants included 19 native speakers of English,115 Chinese mainland students,divided into...This study investigates the differences in pragmatic competence between Hong Kong and Chinese mainland university students.Participants included 19 native speakers of English,115 Chinese mainland students,divided into those who had spent time abroad in an English-speaking country(CM A)and those who had not(CM NA),and 97 Hong Kong students,divided into those from an English-medium secondary school(Hong Kong EMI)and those from a Chinese-medium school(Hong Kong CMI).Linguistic proficiency was measured by a C-test,and pragmatic competence by a Metapragmatic Knowledge Test,an Irony Test and a Monologic Role Play.Group scores were compared using ANCOVAs to control for differences in proficiency.The results point to a continuum of pragmatic competence—EMI>CMI>CM A>CM NA—reflecting the groups’access to English in real-life contexts.The differences between the Hong Kong groups and the Chinese mainland groups were clearest in those tests measuring processing capacity(i.e.,Irony Response Time and the Monologic Role Play).CM A,but not CM NA,performed as well as the Hong Kong groups on measures of metapragmatic awareness.The results are discussed in terms of Bialystok’s(1993)distinction between analyzed representation and control of processing.展开更多
A model of continuous-time insider trading in which a risk-neutral in-sider possesses two imperfect correlated signals of a risky asset is studied.By conditional expectation theory and filtering theory,we first establ...A model of continuous-time insider trading in which a risk-neutral in-sider possesses two imperfect correlated signals of a risky asset is studied.By conditional expectation theory and filtering theory,we first establish three lemmas:normal corre-lation,equivalent pricing and equivalent profit,which can guarantee to turn our model into a model with insider knowing full information.Then we investigate the impact of the two correlated signals on the market equilibrium consisting of optimal insider trading strategy and semi-strong pricing rule.It shows that in the equilibrium,(1)the market depth is constant over time;(2)if the two noisy signals are not linerly correlated,then all private information of the insider is incorporated into prices in the end while the whole information on the asset value can not incorporated into prices in the end;(3)if the two noisy signals are linear correlated such that the insider can infer the whole information of the asset value,then our model turns into a model with insider knowing full information;(4)if the two noisy signals are the same then the total ex ant profit of the insider is increasing with the noise decreasing,while down to O as the noise going up to infinity;(5)if the two noisy signals are not linear correlated then with one noisy signal fixed,the total ex ante profit of the insider is single-peaked with a unique minimum with respect to the other noisy signal value,and furthermore as the noisy value going to O it gets its maximum,the profit in the case that the real value is observed.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the effect of acetyl-L-carnitine(ALCAR)on cell viability,morphological integrity,and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)expression in human retinal pigment epithelium(ARPE-19)cells using a hypo...AIM:To investigate the effect of acetyl-L-carnitine(ALCAR)on cell viability,morphological integrity,and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)expression in human retinal pigment epithelium(ARPE-19)cells using a hypoxic model.METHODS:In the first set of experiments,the optimal CoCl_(2) dose was determined by exposing ARPE-19 cell cultures to different concentrations.To evaluate the effect of ALCAR on cell viability,five groups of ARPE-19 cell culture were established that included a control group,a sham group(200μM CoCl_(2)),and groups that received 1,10 and 100 mM doses of ALCAR combined with 200μM CoCl_(2),respectively.The cell viability was measured by MTT assay.The morphological characteristics of cells were observed by an inverted phase contrast microscope.The levels of VEGF and HIF-1α secretion by ARPE-19 cells were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)assay.RESULTS:ARPE-19 cells were exposed to different doses of CoCl_(2) in order to create a hypoxia model.Nevertheless,when exposed to a concentration of 200μM CoCl_(2),a notable decrease in viability to 83% was noted.ALCAR was found to increase the cell viability at 1 mM and 10 mM concentrations,while the highest concentration(100 mM)did not have an added effect.The cell viability was found to be significantly higher in the groups treated with a concentration of 1 mM and 10 mM ALCAR compared to the Sham group(P=0.041,P=0.019,respectively).The cell viability and morphology remained unaffected by the greatest dose of ALCAR(100 mM).The administration of 10 mM ALCAR demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in the levels of VEGF and HIF-1α compared with the Sham group(P=0.013,P=0.033,respectively).CONCLUSION:The findings from the current study indicate that ALCAR could represent a viable therapeutic option with the potential to open up novel treatment pathways for retinal diseases,particular relevance for age-related macular degeneration(AMD).However,to fully elucidate ALCAR’s application potential in retinal diseases,additional investigation is necessary to clearly define the exact mechanisms involved.展开更多
After insufflating extended endophytes phomopsis B3 ferment diluent on seedling bed of rice, the effect of microbial inoculum on rice growth was studied. The investigation result of seedlings before transplanting seed...After insufflating extended endophytes phomopsis B3 ferment diluent on seedling bed of rice, the effect of microbial inoculum on rice growth was studied. The investigation result of seedlings before transplanting seedling showed that leaf age,the number of green leaves,the number of tiller of individual plant and the weight of per 100 fresh plants in microbial inoculum treatment group increased 0.11,0.12 ,0. 03 and 2.6 g respectively compared with those of control group. 20 days after transplanting, increased tiller number in microbial inoculum treatment group was 55 500 hm^2 more than that in control group. 30 days after transplanting, tiller number in microbial inoculum treatment group was 42 000 hm^2 more than that in control group. In harvest season, the yield ,weight of I 0130 grain and seed-setting rate increased 300 kg/hm2, 0. 7 g and 0. 23% respectively compared with these in control group. The result of preliminary study demonstrated that microbial inoculum confected by endophytes phomopsis B3 could increase the number of strong seedling and yield.展开更多
At present, transcription analysis of gene expression commonly uses housekeeping genes as control for normalization. In this study, the expression levels of three housekeeping genes including GAPDH, β-actin, and 18S ...At present, transcription analysis of gene expression commonly uses housekeeping genes as control for normalization. In this study, the expression levels of three housekeeping genes including GAPDH, β-actin, and 18S rRNA in six tissues and five developmental stages of the Mandarin fish Siniperca chuatsi were assayed with quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Differences in expression levels were analyzed using geNorm program. The results demonstrate that β-actin is the most stable gene at developmental stages and GAPDH is the most stable in different tissues. While 18S rRNA expression during development is differentially regulated, which indicates it is suitable as an internal control for gene expression normalization at the developmental level. Overall, the data suggest that the two most stable housekeeping genes are enough to accurately calibrate gene expression in S. chuatsi. The significance of this study provided convincing references and methodology for housekeeping gene selection and normalization in gene expression analysis with regular PCR or qPCR.展开更多
Three bacterial endophytes of Sedum alfredii, VI8L2, II8L4 and VI8R2, were examined for promoting soil Zn bioavailability and Zn accumulation in S. alfredii. Results showed that three strains were re-introduced into S...Three bacterial endophytes of Sedum alfredii, VI8L2, II8L4 and VI8R2, were examined for promoting soil Zn bioavailability and Zn accumulation in S. alfredii. Results showed that three strains were re-introduced into S. alfredii rhizosphere soils under Zn stress and resulted in better plant growth, as roots biomass increased from 80% to 525% and shoot biomass from 11% to 47% compared with the uninoculated ones. Strains IVsLz, II8L4 and IVsR2 significantly increased shoot and root Zn concentrations in the ZnCO3 contaminated soil. Inoculation with strain IVsL2 resulted in 44% and 39% higher shoot and root Zn concentrations, while strain IV8R2 significantly decreased shoot Zn concentration in the Zn3(PO4)2 contaminated soils. In the aged contaminated soil, isolates IVsL2, IIsL4 and IVsR2 significantly increased root Zn concentration, but decreased shoot Zn concentration of Sedum alfredii. It suggested that endophytes might be used for enhancing phytoextraction efficiency.展开更多
Ranunculus ternatus is culus, which is distributed a species of genus Ranunmainly in Henan, Hubei, Guangxi, Sichuan, and Yunnan provinces in China. The root of Ranunculus ternatus has been used for the treatment of fa...Ranunculus ternatus is culus, which is distributed a species of genus Ranunmainly in Henan, Hubei, Guangxi, Sichuan, and Yunnan provinces in China. The root of Ranunculus ternatus has been used for the treatment of faucitis, tuberculosis, neck scrofula, etc in traditional Chinese medicine. Pharmacological experiment indicated that the water extract of Ranunculus ternatus inhibits not only Staphylococcus aureus and pseudomonas aeruginosa, but also S-180, and S37 remarkablely.展开更多
文摘中医经典海外传播对中医药国际化具有重要意义,然而目前中医经典海外传播存在课程覆盖面有限、语言障碍、师资明显不足等困境。通过考察法国汉学家伊丽莎白(Elisabeth Rochat de la Vallée,中文名罗姹)在美国科罗拉中医教学时的《黄帝内经》课堂,发现其以“汉字立论”的跨国际授课方式对中医经典的海外传播与教授具有借鉴意义。未来,中医经典海外传播应加大人才培养力度,保持积极的开放态度,并与更多海外汉学家建立联系。
文摘Covalent organic frameworks(COFs)are promising materials for converting solar energy into green hydrogen.However,limited charge separation and transport in COFs impede their application in the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).In this study,the intrinsically tunable inter-nal bond electric field(IBEF)at the imine bonds of COFs was manipulated to cooperate with the internal molecular electric field(IMEF)induced by the donor-acceptor(D-A)structure for an effi-cient HER.The aligned orientation of IBEF and IMEF resulted in a remarkable H_(2)evolution rate of 57.3 mmol·g^(-1)·h^(-1)on TNCA,which was approximately 520 times higher than that of TCNA(0.11 mmol·g^(-1)·h^(-1))with the opposing electric field orientation.The superposition of the dual electric fields enables the IBEF to function as an accelerating field for electron transfer,kinetically facilitat-ing the migration of photogenerated electrons from D to A.Furthermore,theoretical calculations indicate that the inhomogeneous charge distribution at the C and N atoms in TNCA not only pro-vides a strong driving force for carrier transfer but also effectively hinders the return of free elec-trons to the valence band,improving the utilization of photoelectrons.This strategy of fabricating dual electric fields in COFs offers a novel approach to designing photocatalysts for clean energy synthesis.
文摘Objective To observe the value of long TR three-dimensional inversion recovery sequence with real reconstruction(3D real IR)for quantifying inner ear endolymphatic hydrops(EH).Methods Totally 46 Ménière's disease(MD)patients and 21 healthy volunteers were prospectively enrolled.MR scanning for inner ear based on 3D real IR and 3D fluid attenuated inversion recovery(3D FLAIR)sequence 4—6 h after administration of contrast agents were performed.The imaging qualities were scored and compared between groups.The endolymphatic space area and the membranous labyrinth area of cochlea and vestibule,as well as endolymph/membranous labyrinth area percentage were calculated,the present or not of EH and the grade of EH were evaluated.EH inner ears of MD patients were enrolled in EH group,while inner ears of healthy volunteers were taken as controls(control group).The endolymphatic space area,membranous labyrinth area and endolymph/membranous labyrinth area percentage of cochlea and vestibule were compared between groups.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was drawn to calculate the diagnostic efficacy of the above indexes.Results Cochlear and/or vestibular EH were detected in 56 ears,including cochlear EH in 52 ears and vestibular EH in 45 ears among 46 MD patients(EH group),but not in 42 ears in control group.The subjective quality scores of 3D real IR images were higher than those of 3D-FLAIR(both P<0.05).Quantitative analysis based on 3D real IR images revealed that,compared with control group,significantly larger endolymph areas and endolymph/membranous labyrinth area percentages in both cochlea and vestibule were found in EH group(all P<0.001).The area under the curve(AUC)of cochlear or vestibular endolymph/membranous labyrinth area percentage for identifying inner ear EH was 0.999 and 0.985,respectively.Taken 13.64%and 24.13%as the critical value of cochlear or vestibular endolymph,the specificity was 100%and 92.86%,respectively,and the sensitivity was 96.43%and 96.43%,respectively.Conclusion MR long TR 3D real IR was helpful to quantifying inner ear EH.
文摘Background,aim,and scope Owing to the rapid development of modernisation and urbanisation,living standards have gradually improved.However,the widespread use of high-energy-consuming indoor appliances and furniture has made indoor environments a primary environmental problem affecting human health.Sick building syndrome(SBS)and building-related illness(BRI)have occurred,and indoor air conditions have been extensively studied.Common indoor pollutants include CO,CO_(2),volatile organic compounds(VOCs)(such as the formaldehyde and benzene series),NOx(NO and NO_(2)),and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs).VOCs have replaced SO_(2)as the“The Fourteenth Five-Year Plan”urban air quality assessment new indicators.Indoor VOCs can cause diseases such as cataract,asthma,and lung cancer.To protect human health,researchers have proposed several indoor air purification technologies,including adsorption,filtration,electrostatic dust removal,ozonation,and plant purification.However,each technology has drawbacks,such as high operating costs,high energy consumption,and the generation of secondary waste or toxic substances.Plant degradation of VOCs as a bioremediation technology has the characteristics of low cost,high efficiency,and sustainability,thereby becoming a potential green solution for improving indoor air quality.This study introduces the research status and mechanism of plant removal of indoor VOCs and provides an experimental basis and scientific guidance for analysing the mechanism of plant degradation of pollutants.Materials and methods This study reviews studies on the harm caused by indoor pollutants to human health and related sources,mainly investigating the degradation of indoor formaldehyde,BTEX(benzene,toluene,ethylbenzene,and xylene)plant mechanisms,and research results.Results Plants can remove VOCs via stomatal and non-stomatal adsorption,interfoliar microbial,rhizosphere microbial,and growth media.Benzene,toluene,and xylene(BTX)are adsorbed by pores,hydroxylated into fumaric acid,and then removed into CO_(2)and H2O by TCA.Formaldehyde enters plant leaves through the stomata and epidermal waxy substances and is adsorbed.After the two steps of enzymatic oxidation,formic acid and CO_(2)are generated.Finally,it enters the Calvin cycle and removes glucose and other nontoxic compounds.Discussion The non-stomatal degradation of VOCs can be divided into adsorption by cuticular wax and active adsorption by plant surface microorganisms.The leaf epidermal waxy matter content and the lipid composition of the epidermal membrane covering the plant surface play important roles in the non-stomatal adsorption of indoor air pollutants.The leaf margin of a plant is an ecological environment containing various microbial communities.The endophytic and inoculated microbiota in plant buds and leaves can remove VOCs(formaldehyde and BTEX).Formaldehyde can be directly absorbed by plant leaves and converted into organic acids,sugars,CO_(2)and H2O by microbes.Bioremediation of indoor VOCs is usually inefficient,leading to plant toxicity or residual chemical substance volatilisation through leaves,followed by secondary pollution.Therefore,plants must be inoculated with microorganisms to improve the efficiency of plant degradation of VOCs.However,the effectiveness of interfoliar microbial removal remains largely unknown and several microorganisms are not culturable.Therefore,methods for collecting,identifying,and culturing microorganisms must be developed.As the leaf space is a relatively unstable environment,the degradation of VOCs by rhizosphere microorganisms is equally important,and formaldehyde is absorbed more by rhizosphere microorganisms at night.The inoculation of bacteria into the rhizosphere improves the efficiency of plants in degrading VOCs.However,most of these studies were conducted in simulation chambers.To ensure the authenticity of these conclusions,the ability of plants to remove indoor air pollutants must be further verified in real situations.Conclusions Plant purification is an economical,environment-friendly,and sustainable remediation technology.This review summarises the mechanisms of VOC plant degradation and presents its limitations.Simultaneously,it briefly puts forward a plant selection scheme according to different temperatures,light,and specific VOCs that can be absorbed to choose the appropriate plant species.However,some studies have denied the purification effect of plants and proposed that numerous plants are required to achieve indoor ventilation effects.Therefore,determining the ability of plants to remove indoor VOCs requires a combination of realistic and simulated scenarios.Recommendations and perspectives Plants and related microorganisms play an important role in improving indoor air quality,therefore,the effect of plants and the related microorganisms on improving indoor air quality must be studied further and the effect of plants on indoor VOCs will be the focus of future research.
文摘This study investigates the differences in pragmatic competence between Hong Kong and Chinese mainland university students.Participants included 19 native speakers of English,115 Chinese mainland students,divided into those who had spent time abroad in an English-speaking country(CM A)and those who had not(CM NA),and 97 Hong Kong students,divided into those from an English-medium secondary school(Hong Kong EMI)and those from a Chinese-medium school(Hong Kong CMI).Linguistic proficiency was measured by a C-test,and pragmatic competence by a Metapragmatic Knowledge Test,an Irony Test and a Monologic Role Play.Group scores were compared using ANCOVAs to control for differences in proficiency.The results point to a continuum of pragmatic competence—EMI>CMI>CM A>CM NA—reflecting the groups’access to English in real-life contexts.The differences between the Hong Kong groups and the Chinese mainland groups were clearest in those tests measuring processing capacity(i.e.,Irony Response Time and the Monologic Role Play).CM A,but not CM NA,performed as well as the Hong Kong groups on measures of metapragmatic awareness.The results are discussed in terms of Bialystok’s(1993)distinction between analyzed representation and control of processing.
文摘A model of continuous-time insider trading in which a risk-neutral in-sider possesses two imperfect correlated signals of a risky asset is studied.By conditional expectation theory and filtering theory,we first establish three lemmas:normal corre-lation,equivalent pricing and equivalent profit,which can guarantee to turn our model into a model with insider knowing full information.Then we investigate the impact of the two correlated signals on the market equilibrium consisting of optimal insider trading strategy and semi-strong pricing rule.It shows that in the equilibrium,(1)the market depth is constant over time;(2)if the two noisy signals are not linerly correlated,then all private information of the insider is incorporated into prices in the end while the whole information on the asset value can not incorporated into prices in the end;(3)if the two noisy signals are linear correlated such that the insider can infer the whole information of the asset value,then our model turns into a model with insider knowing full information;(4)if the two noisy signals are the same then the total ex ant profit of the insider is increasing with the noise decreasing,while down to O as the noise going up to infinity;(5)if the two noisy signals are not linear correlated then with one noisy signal fixed,the total ex ante profit of the insider is single-peaked with a unique minimum with respect to the other noisy signal value,and furthermore as the noisy value going to O it gets its maximum,the profit in the case that the real value is observed.
文摘AIM:To investigate the effect of acetyl-L-carnitine(ALCAR)on cell viability,morphological integrity,and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)expression in human retinal pigment epithelium(ARPE-19)cells using a hypoxic model.METHODS:In the first set of experiments,the optimal CoCl_(2) dose was determined by exposing ARPE-19 cell cultures to different concentrations.To evaluate the effect of ALCAR on cell viability,five groups of ARPE-19 cell culture were established that included a control group,a sham group(200μM CoCl_(2)),and groups that received 1,10 and 100 mM doses of ALCAR combined with 200μM CoCl_(2),respectively.The cell viability was measured by MTT assay.The morphological characteristics of cells were observed by an inverted phase contrast microscope.The levels of VEGF and HIF-1α secretion by ARPE-19 cells were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)assay.RESULTS:ARPE-19 cells were exposed to different doses of CoCl_(2) in order to create a hypoxia model.Nevertheless,when exposed to a concentration of 200μM CoCl_(2),a notable decrease in viability to 83% was noted.ALCAR was found to increase the cell viability at 1 mM and 10 mM concentrations,while the highest concentration(100 mM)did not have an added effect.The cell viability was found to be significantly higher in the groups treated with a concentration of 1 mM and 10 mM ALCAR compared to the Sham group(P=0.041,P=0.019,respectively).The cell viability and morphology remained unaffected by the greatest dose of ALCAR(100 mM).The administration of 10 mM ALCAR demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in the levels of VEGF and HIF-1α compared with the Sham group(P=0.013,P=0.033,respectively).CONCLUSION:The findings from the current study indicate that ALCAR could represent a viable therapeutic option with the potential to open up novel treatment pathways for retinal diseases,particular relevance for age-related macular degeneration(AMD).However,to fully elucidate ALCAR’s application potential in retinal diseases,additional investigation is necessary to clearly define the exact mechanisms involved.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30770073,30500066)~~
文摘After insufflating extended endophytes phomopsis B3 ferment diluent on seedling bed of rice, the effect of microbial inoculum on rice growth was studied. The investigation result of seedlings before transplanting seedling showed that leaf age,the number of green leaves,the number of tiller of individual plant and the weight of per 100 fresh plants in microbial inoculum treatment group increased 0.11,0.12 ,0. 03 and 2.6 g respectively compared with those of control group. 20 days after transplanting, increased tiller number in microbial inoculum treatment group was 55 500 hm^2 more than that in control group. 30 days after transplanting, tiller number in microbial inoculum treatment group was 42 000 hm^2 more than that in control group. In harvest season, the yield ,weight of I 0130 grain and seed-setting rate increased 300 kg/hm2, 0. 7 g and 0. 23% respectively compared with these in control group. The result of preliminary study demonstrated that microbial inoculum confected by endophytes phomopsis B3 could increase the number of strong seedling and yield.
基金国家自然科学基金(3077164430972263)Aid Program for Science and Technology Innovative Research Team in Higher Educational Instituions of Hunan Province
文摘At present, transcription analysis of gene expression commonly uses housekeeping genes as control for normalization. In this study, the expression levels of three housekeeping genes including GAPDH, β-actin, and 18S rRNA in six tissues and five developmental stages of the Mandarin fish Siniperca chuatsi were assayed with quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Differences in expression levels were analyzed using geNorm program. The results demonstrate that β-actin is the most stable gene at developmental stages and GAPDH is the most stable in different tissues. While 18S rRNA expression during development is differentially regulated, which indicates it is suitable as an internal control for gene expression normalization at the developmental level. Overall, the data suggest that the two most stable housekeeping genes are enough to accurately calibrate gene expression in S. chuatsi. The significance of this study provided convincing references and methodology for housekeeping gene selection and normalization in gene expression analysis with regular PCR or qPCR.
基金Project(40973055) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(U0833004) supported by the NSFC-Guangdong Joint Foundation of China
文摘Three bacterial endophytes of Sedum alfredii, VI8L2, II8L4 and VI8R2, were examined for promoting soil Zn bioavailability and Zn accumulation in S. alfredii. Results showed that three strains were re-introduced into S. alfredii rhizosphere soils under Zn stress and resulted in better plant growth, as roots biomass increased from 80% to 525% and shoot biomass from 11% to 47% compared with the uninoculated ones. Strains IVsLz, II8L4 and IVsR2 significantly increased shoot and root Zn concentrations in the ZnCO3 contaminated soil. Inoculation with strain IVsL2 resulted in 44% and 39% higher shoot and root Zn concentrations, while strain IV8R2 significantly decreased shoot Zn concentration in the Zn3(PO4)2 contaminated soils. In the aged contaminated soil, isolates IVsL2, IIsL4 and IVsR2 significantly increased root Zn concentration, but decreased shoot Zn concentration of Sedum alfredii. It suggested that endophytes might be used for enhancing phytoextraction efficiency.
文摘Ranunculus ternatus is culus, which is distributed a species of genus Ranunmainly in Henan, Hubei, Guangxi, Sichuan, and Yunnan provinces in China. The root of Ranunculus ternatus has been used for the treatment of faucitis, tuberculosis, neck scrofula, etc in traditional Chinese medicine. Pharmacological experiment indicated that the water extract of Ranunculus ternatus inhibits not only Staphylococcus aureus and pseudomonas aeruginosa, but also S-180, and S37 remarkablely.