A Novel Model Calculated Distribution Systems Planning Intergrated Distribution Generators for Competitive Electricity Markets

Recently, the distributed generator (DG) has been successfully studied and applied in distribution system at many countries around the world. Many planning models of the DG integrated distribution system have been proposed. These models can choose the optimization locations, capacities and technologies of DG with the objective function minimizing power loss, investment costs or total life cycle costs of the investment project. However, capacity of DG that uses renewable energy resources is natural variability according to primary energy. This study proposed a planning model of optimized distribution system that integrates DG in the competitive electricity market. Model can determine equipment sizing and timeframe requiring for upgrading equipment of distribution system as well as select DG technologies with power variable constraints of DG. The objective function is minimizing total life cycle cost of the investment project. The proposed model is calculated and tested for a 48-bus radial distribution system in the GAMS programming language.

Optimal Operation of Energy Hub Based Micro-energy Network with Integration of Renewables and Energy Storages

This study proposes an optimized model of a micro-energy network(MEN)that includes electricity and natural gas with integrated solar,wind,and energy storage systems(ESSs).The proposed model is based on energy hubs(EHs)and it aims to minimize operation costs and greenhouse emissions.The research is motivated by the increasing use of renewable energies and ESSs for secure energy supply while reducing operation costs and environment effects.A general algebraic modeling system(GAMS)is used to solve the optimal operation problem in the MEN.The results demonstrate that an optimal MEN formed by multiple EHs can provide appropriate and flexible responses to fluctuations in electricity prices and adjustments between time periods and seasons.It also yields significant reductions in operation costs and emissions.The proposed model can contribute to future research by providing a more efficient network model(as compared with the traditional electricity supply system)to scale down the environmental and economic impacts of electricity storage and supply systems on MEN operation.

Energy hub modeling to minimize residential energy costs considering solar energy and BESS

This paper aims to optimize total energy costs in an operational model of a novel energy hub(EH) in a residential area. The optimization problem is set up based on daily load demand(such as electricity, heat, and cooling) and time-of-use(TOU) energy prices. The extended EH model considers the involvement of solar photovoltaic(PV) generation, solar heat exchanger(SHE), and a battery energy storage system(BESS). A mathematical model is constructed with the objective of optimizing total energy cost during the day, including some constraints such as input-output energy balance of the EH, electricity price,capacity limitation of the system, and charge/discharge power of BESS. Four operational cases based on different EH structures are compared to assess the effect of solar energy applications and BESS on the operational efficiency. The results show that the proposed model predicts significant changes to the characteristics of electricity and gas power bought from utilities, leading to reduced total energy cost compared to other cases. They also indicate that the model is appropriate for the characteristics of residential loads.