Dynamics of fundamental and double-pole breathers and solitons for a nonlinear Schrodinger equation with sextic operator under non-zero boundary conditions

We study the dynamics of fundamental and double-pole breathers and solitons for the focusing and defocusing nonlinear Schrodinger equation with the sextic operator under non-zero boundary conditions. Our analysis mainly focuses onthe dynamical properties of simple- and double-pole solutions. Firstly, through verification, we find that solutions undernon-zero boundary conditions can be transformed into solutions under zero boundary conditions, whether in simple-pole ordouble-pole cases. For the focusing case, in the investigation of simple-pole solutions, temporal periodic breather and thespatial-temporal periodic breather are obtained by modulating parameters. Additionally, in the case of multi-pole solitons,we analyze parallel-state solitons, bound-state solitons, and intersecting solitons, providing a brief analysis of their interactions.In the double-pole case, we observe that the two solitons undergo two interactions, resulting in a distinctive “triangle”crest. Furthermore, for the defocusing case, we briefly consider two situations of simple-pole solutions, obtaining one andtwo dark solitons.

3D electromagnetic simulation of the coupling characteristics and double-stub Ferrite tuners impedance matching for EAST ICRH four-strap antenna

A program developed with COMSOL software integrates EAST four-strap antenna coupling with the double-stub Ferrite tuners(FT)impedance matching,obtaining physical quantities crucial for predicting the overall performance of the ion cyclotron resonance heating(ICRH)antenna and matching system.These quantities encompass S-matrix,port complex impedance,reflection coefficients,electric field and voltage distribution,and optimal matching settings.In this study,we explore the relationship between S-matrix,reflection coefficients,port complex impedance,and frequency.Then,we analyze the impact of Faraday screens placement position and transparency,the distance from the Faraday screen(FS)to the current straps(CS),the relative distance between ports,and the characteristic impedance of the transmission line on the coupling characteristic impedance of the EAST ICRH system.Finally,we simulate the electric field distribution and voltage distribution of the EAST ICRH system for plasma heating with double-stub FT impedance matching.Using optimized parameters,the coupling power of the ICRH system can be approximately doubled.The results present herein may offer guidance for the design of high-power,long-pulse operation ICRH antenna systems.

Laser shaping and optical power limiting of pulsed Laguerre–Gaussian laser beams of high-order radial modes in fullerene C60

We study the strong nonlinear optical dynamics of nanosecond pulsed Laguerre–Gaussian laser beams of high-order radial modes with zero orbital angular momentum propagating in the fullerene C60molecular medium. It is found that the spatiotemporal profile of the incident pulsed Laguerre–Gaussian laser beam is strongly reshaped during its propagation in the C60molecular medium. The centrosymmetric temporal profile of the incident pulse gradually evolves into a noncentrosymmetric meniscus shape, and the on-axis pulse duration is clearly depressed. Furthermore, the field intensity is distinctly attenuated due to the field-intensity-dependent reverse saturable absorption, and clear optical power limiting behavior is observed for different orders of the input pulsed Laguerre–Gaussian laser beams before the takeover of the saturation effect;the lower the order of the Laguerre–Gaussian beam, the lower the energy transmittance.

Challenges in the Detection and Attribution of Northern Hemisphere Surface Temperature Trends Since 1850

Since 2007,the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC)has heavily relied on the comparison between global climate model hindcasts and global surface temperature(ST)estimates for concluding that post-1950s global warming is mostly human-caused.In Connolly et al.,we cautioned that this approach to the detection and attribution of climate change was highly dependent on the choice of Total Solar Irradiance(TSI)and ST data sets.We compiled 16 TSI and five ST data sets and found by altering the choice of TSI or ST,one could(prematurely)conclude anything from the warming being“mostly human-caused”to“mostly natural.”Richardson and Benestad suggested our analysis was“erroneous”and“flawed”because we did not use a multilinear regression.They argued that applying a multilinear regression to one of the five ST series re-affirmed the IPCC's attribution statement.They also objected that many of the published TSI data sets were out-of-date.However,here we show that when applying multilinear regression analysis to an expanded and updated data set of 27 TSI series,the original conclusions of Connolly et al.are confirmed for all five ST data sets.Therefore,it is still unclear whether the observed warming is mostly human-caused,mostly natural or some combination of both.

Multi-band analysis on physical properties of superconducting FeSe films

The origins of superconductivity and pairing symmetry of order parameters are still controversial problems for FeSe thin films up to date.Under the Neumann boundary conditions,the electromagnetic properties of this system are investigated using the two-band Ginzburg-Landau theory.We calculate the temperature dependence of upper critical field in arbitrary direction and critical supercurrent density through the FeSe film.It is revealed that the normalized upper critical field is independent of the film thickness and all of our theoretical results are in accordance with the experimental data.These thus strongly indicate the existence of two-gap s-wave superconductivity in this material.

Multi-soliton solutions of coupled Lakshmanan-Porsezian-Daniel equations with variable coefficients under nonzero boundary conditions

This paper aims to investigate the multi-soliton solutions of the coupled Lakshmanan–Porsezian–Daniel equations with variable coefficients under nonzero boundary conditions.These equations are utilized to model the phenomenon of nonlinear waves propagating simultaneously in non-uniform optical fibers.By analyzing the Lax pair and the Riemann–Hilbert problem,we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics and interactions of solitons of this system.Furthermore,we study the impacts of group velocity dispersion or the fourth-order dispersion on soliton behaviors.Through appropriate parameter selections,we observe various nonlinear phenomena,including the disappearance of solitons after interaction and their transformation into breather-like solitons,as well as the propagation of breathers with variable periodicity and interactions between solitons with variable periodicities.

Study on vibration reduction of two-scale system coupled with dynamic vibration absorber

The dynamic vibration absorber with inerter and grounded stiffness(IGDVA)is used to control a two-scale system subject to a weak periodic perturbation.The vibration suppression effect is remarkable.The amplitude of the main system coupled with absorber is significantly reduced,and the high frequency vibration completely disappears.First,through the slow-fast analysis and stability theory,it is found that the stability of the autonomous system exerts a notable regulating effect on the vibration response of the non-autonomous system.After adding the dynamic vibrator absorber,the center in the autonomous system changes to an asymptotically stable focus,consequently suppressing the vibration in the non-autonomous system.Further research reveals that the parameters of the absorber affect the real parts of the eigenvalues of the autonomous system,thereby regulating the stability of the system.Transitioning from a qualitative standpoint to a quantitative approach,a comparison of the solutions before and after the introduction of the dynamic absorber reveals that,when the grounded stiffness ratio and the mass ratio of the dynamic absorber are not equal,the high-frequency part in the analytical solution disappears.As a result,this leads to a reduction in the amplitude of the trajectory,achieving a vibration reduction effect.

Local thermal conductivity of inhomogeneous nano-fluidic films:A density functional theory perspective

Combining the mean field Pozhar-Gubbins(PG)theory and the weighted density approximation,a novel method for local thermal conductivity of inhomogeneous fluids is proposed.The correlation effect that is beyond the mean field treatment is taken into account by the simulation-based empirical correlations.The application of this method to confined argon in slit pore shows that its prediction agrees well with the simulation results,and that it performs better than the original PG theory as well as the local averaged density model(LADM).In its further application to the nano-fluidic films,the influences of fluid parameters and pore parameters on the thermal conductivity are calculated and investigated.It is found that both the local thermal conductivity and the overall thermal conductivity can be significantly modulated by these parameters.Specifically,in the supercritical states,the thermal conductivity of the confined fluid shows positive correlation to the bulk density as well as the temperature.However,when the bulk density is small,the thermal conductivity exhibits a decrease-increase transition as the temperature is increased.This is also the case in which the temperature is low.In fact,the decrease-increase transition in both the small-bulk-density and low-temperature cases arises from the capillary condensation in the pore.Furthermore,smaller pore width and/or stronger adsorption potential can raise the critical temperature for condensation,and then are beneficial to the enhancement of the thermal conductivity.These modulation behaviors of the local thermal conductivity lead immediately to the significant difference of the overall thermal conductivity in different phase regions.

Multifaceted control of focal points along an arbitrary 3D curved trajectory

Metalenses can integrate the functionalities of multiple optical components thanks to the unprecedented capability of optical metasurfaces in light control.With the rapid development of optical metasurfaces,metalenses continue to evolve.Polarization and color play a very important role in understanding optics and serve as valuable tools for gaining insights into our world.Benefiting from the design flexibility of metasurfaces,we propose and experimentally demonstrate a super metalens that can realize multifaceted control of focal points along any 3D curved trajectory.The wavelengths and polarization states of all focal points are engineered in a desirable manner.The super metalens can simultaneously realize customized 3D positioning,polarization states,and wavelengths of focal points,which are experimentally demonstrated with incident wavelengths ranging from 501 to 700 nm.We further showcase the application of the developed super metalenses in 3D optical distance measurement.The compact nature of metasurfaces and unique properties of the proposed super metalenses hold promise to dramatically miniaturize and simplify the optical architecture for applications in optical metrology,imaging,detection,and security.

Scale, Complexity, and Cybersecurity Risk Management

Elementary information theory is used to model cybersecurity complexity, where the model assumes that security risk management is a binomial stochastic process. Complexity is shown to increase exponentially with the number of vulnerabilities in combination with security risk management entropy. However, vulnerabilities can be either local or non-local, where the former is confined to networked elements and the latter results from interactions between elements. Furthermore, interactions involve multiple methods of communication, where each method can contain vulnerabilities specific to that method. Importantly, the number of possible interactions scales quadratically with the number of elements in standard network topologies. Minimizing these interactions can significantly reduce the number of vulnerabilities and the accompanying complexity. Two network configurations that yield sub-quadratic and linear scaling relations are presented.

Breakdown of a Commonly Practiced Technique in Quantum Mechanics

The dynamically shifted oscillator is investigated quantum mechanically, both analytically and numerically. It is shown that the commonly used method of solving the Schrödinger equation using power series results in incorrect eigenvalues and eigenfunctions.

Linearization of Intrinsically Nonlinear Oscillators

We show that an intrinsically nonlinear oscillator can always be transformed into a linear or harmonic oscillator by addition of a constant force, which shifts the equilibrium position of the oscillator.

Dynamics of Plate Equations with Memory Driven by Multiplicative Noise on Bounded Domains

This article examines the dynamics for stochastic plate equations with linear memory in the case of bounded domain. We investigate the existence of solutions and bounded absorbing set by using the uniform pullback attractors on the tails estimates, and the asymptotic compactness of the random dynamical system is proved by decomposition method, and then we obtain the existence of a random attractor.

Effect of ambient oxygen pressure on structural, optical and electrical properties of SnO_2 thin films

PolycrystaUine SnO2 thin films were deposited on sapphire substrates at 450℃ under different ambient oxygen pressures by pulsed laser deposition technique. The effect of ambient oxygen pressure on the structural, optical and electrical properties of SnO2 thin films was studied. X-my diffraction and Hall measurements show that increasing the ambient oxygen pressure can improve crystallization of the films and decrease resistivity of the films. A violet emission peak centered at 409 nm was observed from photoluminescence measurements for SnO2 films under deposition ambient oxygen pressure above 5 Pa, which is related to the improvement of crystalline of the films.

First-Principles Study of Structural Stabilities, Electronic and Optical Properties of SrF2 under High Pressure

An investigation of structural stabilities, electronic and optical properties of SrF2 under high pressure is conducted using a first-principles calculation based on density functional theory （DFT） with the plane wave basis set as implemented in the CASTEP code. Our results predict that the second high-pressure phase of SrF2 is of a Ni2In- type structure, and demonstrate that the sequence of the pressure-induced phase transition of SrF2 is the fluorite structure （Fm3m） to the PbC12-type structure （Pnma）, and to the Ni2In-type phase （P63/mmc）. The first and second phase transition pressures are 5. 77 and 45.58 GPa, respectively. The energy gap increases initially with pressure in the Fm3m, and begins to decrease in the Pnma phases at 30 GPa. The band gap overlap metallization does not occur up to 210 GPa. The pressure effect on the optical properties is discussed.

The Impact of Relative Humidity and Atmospheric Pressure on Mortality in Guangzhou, China

Objective Although many studies have examined the effects of ambient temperatures on mortality, little evidence is on health impacts of atmospheric pressure and relative humidity. This study aimed to assess the impacts of atmospheric pressure and relative humidity on mortality in Guangzhou, China. Methods This study included 213,737 registered deaths during 2003-2011 in Guangzhou, China. A quasi-Poisson regression with a distributed lag non-linear model was used to assess the effects of atmospheric pressure/relative humidity. Results We found significant effect of low atmospheric pressure/relative humidity on mortality. There was a 1.79% （95% confidence interval： 0.38%-3.22%） increase in non-accidental mortality and a 2.27% （0.07%-4.51%） increase in cardiovascular mortality comparing the 5th and 25th percentile of atmospheric pressure. A 3.97% （0.67%-7.39%） increase in cardiovascular mortality was also observed comparing the 5th and 25th percentile of relative humidity. Women were more vulnerable to decrease in atmospheric pressure and relative humidity than men. Age and education attainment were also potential effect modifiers. Furthermore, low atmospheric pressure and relative humidity increased temperature-related mortality. Conclusion Both low atmospheric pressure and relative humidity are important risk factors of mortality. Our findings would be helpful to develop health risk assessment and climate policy interventions that would better protect vulnerable subgroups of the population.

Population Dynamics and Emission Spectrum of a Cascade Three-Level Jaynes-Cummings Model with Intensity-Dependent Coupling in a Kerr-like Medium

By using the method of eigenvectors, the atomic populations and emission spectrum are investigated in a system that consists of a cascade three-level atom resonantly interacting with a single-mode tield in a Kerr-like medium. The atom and the field are assumed to be initially in the upper atomic state and the Fock state, respectively. Results for models with intensity-dependent coupling and with intensity-independent coupling are compared. It is found that both population dynamics and emission spectrum show no indications of atom-field decoupling in the strong field limit if the intensity-dependent coupling is taken into account.

Comparisons of ZnO codoped by group IIIA elements (Al,Ga,In) and N:a first-principle study

The electronic structures and effective masses of the N mono-doped and Al N, Ga-N, In-N codoped ZnO system have been calculated by a first-principle method, and comparisons among different doping cases are made. According to the results, the impurity states in the codoping cases are more delocalised compared to the N mono-doping case, which means a better conductive behaviour can be obtained by codoping. Besides, compared to the Al-N and Ga-N codoping cases, the hole effective mass of In-N codoped system is much smaller, indicating the p-type conductivity can be more enhanced by In N codoping

The design and artificial realization of a controller of pulse coupling feedback

In this paper a controller of pulse coupling feedback （PCF） is designed to control chaotic systems. Control principles and the technique to select the feedback coefficients are introduced. This controller is theoretically studied with a three dimensional （3D） chaotic system. The artificial simulation results show that the chaotic system can be stabilized to different periodic orbits by using the PCF method, and the number of the periodic orbits are 2^n×3^m p （n and m are integers）. Therefore, this control method is effective and practical.

Preparation of Sn nano-film by direct current magnetron sputtering and its performance as anode of lithium ion battery

Sn thin film on Cu foil substrate as the anode of lithium ion battery was prepared by direct current magnetron sputtering(DCMS). The surface morphology,composition and thickness and the electrochemical behaviors of the prepared Sn thin film were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry(ICP),cyclic voltammetry(CV) and galvanostatic charge/ discharge(GC) measurements. It is found that the Sn film is consists of pure Sn with an average particle diameter of 100 nm. The thickness of the film is about 320 nm. The initial lithium insertion capacity of the Sn film is 771 mA·h/g. The reversible capacity of the film is 570 mA·h/g and kept at 270 mA·h/g after 20 cycles.