Influence of Polyester Resin Treatment on Jute Fabrics for Geotextile Applications

In this study, jute woven fabrics (1 × 1 plain, twill, zigzag and diamond weave) were manufactured from 100% raw jute yarn. The fabric specimens were treated by 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% unsaturated polyester resin where styrene monomer used as a solvent and 1% methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP) was used as initiator. Two bar pressure was applied for complete wetting of the fabric by a Padder and curing was done at 130?C for 10 minutes. The physico-mechanical characteristics of untreated and treated samples were examined and evaluated. It was revealed that moisture content (MC) and water absorbency of the treated specimens were decreased with the increase of resin percentage (%) in the fabrics. MC and water absorbency were maximum decreased up to 50.23% and 60.14% respectively by 25% resin treatment. On the other hand, bending length (BL), flexural rigidity (FR), flexural modulus (FM) and tensile strength (TS) were enhanced with the increase of resin percentage in the fabrics which resulted higher fabric stiffness. The maximum improvement of BL, FR, FM and TS were found to be 6.67%, 56.04%, 10.57% and 18.75% respectively in comparison to untreated sample. Soil degradation tests exhibited that 33.59% TS loss occurred for untreated specimens where only 8.04% loss of TS found for 25% resin treated one. Furthermore, jute based twill, zigzag and diamond fabrics were also treated by 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% resin, then measured their TS and compared with plain fabrics. It was revealed that plain fabrics have superior TS over other fabrics. It was also evident that TS enhanced for all the fabrics after resin treatment and maximum increase found for all the fabrics up to 25% resin treatment.

A Review of Nano Particle Usage on Textile Material against Ultra Violet Radiation

Ultra violet radiation is detrimental to human skin and responsible for various skin diseases that is now worldwide growing concern for the people. Sun screen lotions, however, considered best possible solution but its temporary attachment didn’t bring the real impact. The advancement of nano technology provides a number of techniques to introduce UV protected fabric by applying certain semi conductor metal oxide. So many researches have been carried out to coat the fabric using certain nano particles namely ZnO and TiO2 to improve the UV absorption capacity of material as well as increasing UPF value to protect the human skin which have been playing a significant role to provide UV protected clothing. This paper deals with the harmful impact of ultra violet radiation on human skin, UPF measurement method and UV protective finishing on textile material using nano ZnO and nano TiO2 particle.

Treatment of Textile Industrial Wastewater from Water Jet Loom Machine

The objective of this research was to investigate the optimum condition for treatment of textile industrial wastewater from water jet loom machine by chemical coagulation and electrocoagulation methods. The variables of chemical coagulation method were type and amount of chemicals, pH and stirring rate. For electrocoagulation method, the variables were electrode materials, electric potential and contact time. It was found that the optimum condition of chemical coagulation method was 10% （w/w） of aqueous solution of aluminum sulphate 80 mL and 0.01% （w/w） of aqueous solution of coagulant aids, cationic polymer 32 mL per 4 L of wastewater at oH 8. The mixture solution was rapidly stirred with 120 rpm for 1 min and then slowly stirred with 20 rpm for 20 rain. The removal efficiency of turbidity, COD and oil content were 88.88%, 85.20% and 77.72%, respectively. For electrocoagulation method, the optimum condition was using aluminum electrode with 35 V and 150 min of contact time. The removal efficiency of turbidity, COD and oil content were 98.86%, 91.63% and 89.84%, respectively. It can be concluded from this study that the textile industrial wastewater treatment from water jet loom machine with electrocoagulation method is more efficient than that with chemical coagulation method.

Recent Development of Sustainable Ecological Flame Retardant Textile Composite Material: A Review

The ecological and sustainable product is the demand of the present world. But it was not possible to produce an ecological and sustainable product for all sectors as the world requires now. The synthetic material is used to produce flame retardant materials due to the unavailable sustainable ecological flame-retardant material. But different researchers are trying to produce sustainable ecological flame-retardant material. This research found that the Spinach leaves Juice, banana pseudostem sap (SAP) and eggshell powder have flame retardant properties. Different literature shows that the ash also has flame retardant properties. So researcher suggested developing the composite material from the above materials with cotton fibres. It may be more effective as fire-retardant composite materials.

Analysis of Various Types Engineering Stripe Knit Fabrics of Bangladeshi Knit Industry

This experiment is generally based on the three types of engineering stripe fabrics named single jersey, full feeder lycra single jersey, and single lacoste fabric. In Bangladesh, conventional practices of engineering stripe fabric hardly seen. As the textile engineer, we focused to identify the basic difference between these fabrics. We kept the repeat length constant for all three fabrics. In these circumstances, how stitch length, yarn count, gsm, fabric dia, machine settings, machine maintenance, machine rpm varies into those three mentioned fabrics. It is the main motto of these experiments to make them more favourable into the trendy fashion world.

Alkali Treatment to Maximize Adhesion of Polypyrrole Coatings for Electro-Conductive Textile Materials

In this paper polyester fabrics were pretreated with alkaline solution to improve the ability for the fabric surface to bond with polypyrrole(PPy)coating layer.In situ chemical oxidative polymerization of pyrrole monomer was performed on alkali treated polyester fabrics.Then the fabrics were characterized by FTIR and XRD analysis.The tensile properties of the yarns in both warp and weft directions were measured after alkali treatment and PPy coating processes.The abrasion resistance test was performed on PPy coated fabrics with and without alkali treatment.The surface electrical resistivity of PPy coated fabrics were searched.The electromagnetic shielding effectiveness(EMSE)properties of fabrics in terms of reflection,absorption and transmission behaviors were also investigated.A significant EMSE value increase(about 27%)was obtained with alkali treatment.

Impacts and Possible Responses Related to COVID-19 in the Textile and Apparel Industry of Bangladesh

This research work was intended to analyze the unleashed issues related to apparel trade during COVID-19 pandemic&made an attempt to find the best possible responses to uphold marketing campaigns during&after the pandemic situation.Apparel industries in Asia,the largest global hub of both the textile&apparel import-export trade have been severally damaged by the COVID-19.Over the last one year,the global community had already realized the fact that how pandemic situation disrupted the supply chain management of textile,apparel&fashion manufacturing industries throughout the world.Bangladesh,one of the top ranked garments exporter countries have been facing the burning bridges,due to the scarcity of raw materials&gradual cancellation export orders.The contribution of the apparel industry is more significant for the socio-economic growth of a 3rd world countries like Bangladesh,just because apparel contributes almost 84%of its total export income with the involvement of 4.5 million people approximately.The following research paper conveys a three-fold story.In the very beginning portion,there are some reviews&analysis of the overall scenarios of the COVID-19 pandemic with presence of several business reports,academic journals,market research,manufacture's opinions&stakeholders'strategies.The second phase of the research work forecasts the possible responses need to be projected during&after the pandemic situation.Finally,this study predicts an ideal footprint to cope up with similar sort of situations in the future.

Effects of Home Laundering on Electrical Resistance of Signal Transmission Lines on Colored E-Textiles

The aim of this work was to investigate the electrical resistance change of electro-textiles manufactured using cotton fabrics with stainless steel and silver plated PA yarns incorporation after being subjected to home laundering, i.e. detergent washing and silicone softening. Electrical resistances of conductive yams inside the fabric structure were compared and discussed statistically before and after washing and softener application. Greatest changes in electrical resistances were observed with samples including silver plated PA yams. After five washing cycles with detergent, silicone softening agent is removed from yarns by washing, and thus conductivity increases. Further washing of e-textiles with detergent for five more cycles causes decrease in conductivity, because of chemical effects of detergent and mechanical effects of washing process such as abrasion due to friction. Detergent which has negative reactive sites bonds with metal ions reduces conductivity.

The Basic Layout of a Denim Textile Industry:A Basic Review

Denim was produced in the city of Nîmes in France and was originally called the serge de Nîmes.The word denim is an English colloquialism of the French term:"denim."Day by day Bangladesh denim sector very much developed and helps to increase productivity.Bangladesh have seen a significant increase in investing in denim fabric manufacturing,increasing the country’s production performance by reducing fabric dependence on imports.It is important due to its aspects of durability,and not easily torn which benefited physical laborers much.The government also plays a vital role in denim textile industry.This paper shows different section of denim textile industry such as:sewing section,cutting section,washing,IE and finishing department.The main aim of this paper is how to role all the sec­tion of denim textile industry.Textile education is insufficient without in­dustry attachment,which bridges the gap between theoretical and practical aspects and acclimates students to the industrial world.We can gain about theoretical development on an industrial level from this attachment.We can understand more about the machines used in various departments,their technical specifications,characteristics,operating system,and so on,and we believe that without this type of industrial connection,it is impossible to obtain industry-based information about textile engineering adequately.The Industrial Attachment on Denim Manufacturing Technology was used to organize this study(sewing section,cutting,IE,washing section,CAD Section,and finishing department.Various operating procedures for the production of denim in the industry are presented in this paper.The tech­nique and process of several procedures and processes are presented here such as machine specifications,manpower,maintenance,layout of the dif­ferent section,dye processes and wet processes.

Reduction Discoloration of Reactive Dyed Cotton Waste and Chemical Recycling via Ionic Liquid

The textile industry generates large volumes of waste throughout its production process.Most of this waste is colored,therefore,discoloration is an important step toward recycling and reusing this waste.This study focused on the chemical reductive discoloration of textile waste composed of cotton dyed with reactive dye.The experimental design demonstrated the significant influence of the concentration of reducing agent and time of reaction on the degree of whiteness of the cotton fibers.The concentration of the alkaline agent was not significant in the process.The optimization of the reaction conditions lead to Berger degree of 50.5±3.5.The discolored cotton was chemically recycled through dissolution in ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride and regeneration in film form in water.The microstructure of the regenerated cellulose films was evaluated by Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM)indicating complete dissolution and uniform regeneration.The discoloration process reduced the polymerization degree and crystallinity index of the cotton fibers but retained the cellulose I structure.The dissolution and cellulose regeneration process results in transparent films with an amorphous structure.The thermal behavior,evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis,indicated that residues and regenerated film presented a main decomposition step.The maximum decomposition rate temperature of the regenerated films was approximately 40℃lower than the cotton fibers,which correlates well with the reduction in polymerization degree and amorphous structure.In general,the study demonstrated that textile cotton waste dyed with reactive dyes can be chemically discolored to form transparent and amorphous films,contributing to the development of sustainable strategies for the textile industry.

Surface Morphology and Thermo-Electrical Energy Analysis of Polyaniline (PANI) Incorporated Cotton Fabric

With the exponential development in wearable electronics,a significant paradigm shift is observed from rigid electronics to flexible wearable devices.Polyaniline(PANI)is considered as a dominant material in this sector,as it is endowed with the optical properties of both metal and semiconductors.However,its widespread application got delineated because of its irregular rigid form,level of conductivity,and precise choice of solvents.Incorporating PANI in textile materials can generate promising functionality for wearable applications.This research work employed a straightforward in-situ chemical oxidative polymerization to synthesize PANI on Cotton fabric surfaces with varying dopant(HCl)concentrations.Pre-treatment using NaOH is implemented to improve the conductivity of the fabric surface by increasing the monomer absorption.This research explores the morphological and structural analysis employing SEM,FTIR and EDX.The surface resistivity was measured using a digital multimeter,and thermal stability is measured using TGA.Upon successful polymerization,a homogenous coating layer is observed.It is revealed that the simple pre-treatment technique significantly reduces the surface resistivity of Cotton fabric to 1.27 kΩ/cm with increasing acid concentration and thermal stability.The electro-thermal energy can also reach up to 38.2°C within 50 s with a deployed voltage of 15 V.The modified fabric is anticipated to be used in thermal regulation,supercapacitor,sensor,UV shielding,antimicrobial and other prospective functional applications.

Characterization and Performance of Magnesium Doped Bioactive Glass Nanoparticles

The bioactive glass and related biomaterials have become increasingly popular, and have also attracted the research interest of many researchers in recent years due its special performance and tissue engineering application. In this study, to create a material with a variety of properties Mg doped hollow bioactive glass (Mg-HBG) of 80SiO2-5P2O5-10CaO-5MgO system had been produced by using a sol-gel method. The porous structure nanoparticles were specifically made by employing the cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as a surfactant. Magnesium was selected as a doped material with HBG, because it is the most existing cations in the human body which helps for bone metabolism as well as it has antibacterial property. Based on different investigations resulted nanoparticle with the inclusion of the lower molar fractions magnesium has good tested result. For a drug model vancomycin hydrochloride (VAN) was used in this study and it has also good antibacterial activity effect. These findings help the possibility of using Mg-HBG nanoparticles to treat infectious bone abnormalities by demonstrating their compatibility with antibiotics, drug loading and release behavior.

Unveiling the synthesis,characteristics,electrical conductivity,photocatalytic activity,and electrochemical activity of eco-friendly zinc oxide nanoparticles

The Nigella Sativa seeds were utilized for the environment-friendly zinc oxide nanoparticles(ZnO NPs),as evident by the observation of a white precipitate.Numerous analytical techniques,such as XRD,FTIR,UV–vis,SEM,and EDX,were utilized to describe the specimen's structural,optical,and electrical properties.XRD analysis was used to confirm that the ZnO NPs were crystalline.An absorbance peak at 401 nm was observed in the UV–vis,indicating that the ZnO NPs have a 2.91 eV bandgap.Functional groups are present in ZnO NPs,as seen by the FTIR graph.The nanoparticles'spherical form and average size of 37.9 nm were confirmed by the SEM image.EDX analysis confirmed the composition of the nanoparticles,with zinc accounting for 73.17%and oxygen for 26.83%.ZnO NPs demonstrated excellent electrical conductivity because of their higher surface-to-volume ratio.Additionally,the synthesis of ZnO NPs exhibited effective degradation of methylene blue dye.These results point to potential applications in several domains,including electronics,biomedical devices,industry,and agriculture,and they call for immediate follow-up research.

Comparison of purification processes of natural gas obtained from three different regions in the world

Natural gases obtained from different regions in the world as Scholen-Germany, Saudi Arabia and Iran were purified with a package code and the obtained results were compared in this study. For purification process, both natural gases flowing in a vertical pipe and monoethanolamine （MEA） flowing as a film from the internal surface of a pipe were examined together. Both fluids were flown in a vertical and laminar regime. Binary diffusion coefficients, Schmidt numbers （Sc） and dynamical viscosities were calculated individually for three types of natural gases. It is demonstrated that the chemical absorption method by MEA process is the most appropriate method at high DamkOhler （Da） numbers particularly for natural gases containing high concentrations of CO2 and H2S.

THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF KINETICS OF NONISOTHERMAL CRYSTALLIZATION OF POLYMERS

The classical crystallization theories proposed by Avrami, Evans, and Mandelkern wereextended to the nonisothermal situation. The expressions derived from the classical equations canbe expressed in either the differential form or the integral form. A method was provided so as toobtain the parameters characterizing the crystallization rate and mechanism from DSC curves withseveral constant heating or cooling rates. The rate constants of crystallization obtained from bothisothermal and nonisothermal curves of poly(ethylene terephthalate)were compared.

Numerical storm surge model with higher order finite difference method of lines for the coast of Bangladesh

In this study, the method of lines (MOLs) with higher order central difference approximation method coupled with the classical fourth order Runge-Kutta (RK(4,4)) method is used in solving shallow water equations (SWEs) in Cartesian coordinates to foresee water levels associated with a storm accurately along the coast of Bangladesh. In doing so, the partial derivatives of the SWEs with respect to the space variables were discretized with 5-point central difference, as a test case, to obtain a system of ordinary differential equations with time as an independent variable for every spatial grid point, which with initial conditions were solved by the RK(4,4) method. The complex land-sea interface and bottom topographic details were incorporated closely using nested schemes. The coastal and island boundaries were rectangularized through proper stair step representation, and the storing positions of the scalar and momentum variables were specified according to the rules of structured C-grid. A stable tidal regime was made over the model domain considering the effect of the major tidal constituent, M2 along the southern open boundary of the outermost parent scheme. The Meghna River fresh water discharge was taken into account for the inner most child scheme. To take into account the dynamic interaction of tide and surge, the generated tidal regime was introduced as the initial state of the sea, and the surge was then made to come over it through computer simulation. Numerical experiments were performed with the cyclone April 1991 to simulate water levels due to tide, surge, and their interaction at different stations along the coast of Bangladesh. Our computed results were found to compare reasonable well with the limited observed data obtained from Bangladesh Inland Water Transport Authority (BIWTA) and were found to be better in comparison with the results obtained through the regular finite difference method and the 3-point central difference MOLs coupled with the RK(4,4) method with regard to the root mean square error values.

Structural properties of scaffolds:Crucial parameters towards stem cells differentiation

Tissue engineering is a multidisciplinary field that applies the principles of engineering and life-sciencesfor regeneration of damaged tissues. Stem cells have attracted much interest in tissue engineering as a cell source due to their ability to proliferate in an undifferentiated state for prolonged time and capability of differentiating to different cell types after induction. Scaffolds play an important role in tissue engineering as a substrate that can mimic the native extracellular matrix and the properties of scaffolds have been shown to affect the cell behavior such as the cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation. Here, we focus on the recent reports that investigated the various aspects of scaffolds including the materials used for scaffold fabrication, surface modification of scaffolds, topography and mechanical properties of scaffolds towards stem cells differentiation effect. We will present a more detailed overview on the effect of mechanical properties of scaffolds on stem cells fate.

Study on Luster of Fabrics with Goniophotometric Curves

The distribution of the light reflected from various fabric surfaces was studied. A series of samples of different fibers, weaves and colors were investigated. The experiments show that the goniophotometric curves of fabrics change with constituent fibers, weave, dyeing and finishing, and experimental condition.The goniophotometric curves for fabrics of same kind with different colors are same in general shape, and the reflectance or the height of the curves are changed to the extent of that they are in proportion with the brightness or the tristimulus value Y of the samples. The goniophotometric curve also varies in form when the incident angle is changed. Discussion and explanation for the above mentioned are given. Luster of the samples was calculated with methods suggested by different indexing systems.

Green Dyeing of Silk Fabric with Turmeric Powder Using Tamarind Seed Coat as Mordant

The current study is aimed to explore the sustainable dyeing approach of silk fabric with turmeric powder using tannin as mordant extracted from tamarind seed coat. For that, tamarind seed coat tannin was extracted and applied as natural mordant alone and in combination with metal mordant namely copper sulphate for dyeing silk fabric with the extract of turmeric powder. Dyeing parameters such as temperature, time and mordant concentration were varying for optimizing the process. The color strength, color coordinates, color fastness to wash, perspiration, water and rubbing were evaluated for examining dyeing performance. Firstly, tannin was extracted from tamarind seed coat and applying on the silk fabric at 95°C temperature for 45 min by varying concentration. Among them 15 g/l shows better results. Some samples were mordanted with both 15 g/l extracted tannin and 0.5% copper sulphate solution. The mordanted samples were dyed with turmeric dye by varying the time and temperature. By analyzing the test results, the sample mordanted with extracted tannin showed high color strength and good fastness properties dyeing at 80°C for 60 min. The application of 0.5% copper sulphate mordant enhanced sustainable wash fastness properties.

OPTIMAL SETTING-UP OF KNITTING ELEMENTS AND ITS EFFECT ON TENSION VARIATION

The dynamic yarn tension variations during knitting cycle are very difficult to control and be-come one of barriers to knitting on modern warp knitting machine.Examination of experimentaldata and theoretical analysis show that the relative position of spring rail to knitting elements suchas needle,guide as well as their displacement has noticeable effect on tension variation so that theknitting condition can be much improved by rearrangement of the knitting elements and theirmovement within a knitting cycle.