The hydraulic fracturing is a nonlinear,fluid-solid coupling and transient problem,in most cases it is always time-consuming to simulate this process numerically.In recent years,although many numerical methods were pr...The hydraulic fracturing is a nonlinear,fluid-solid coupling and transient problem,in most cases it is always time-consuming to simulate this process numerically.In recent years,although many numerical methods were proposed to settle this problem,most of them still require a large amount of computer resources.Thus it is a high demand to develop more efficient numerical approaches to achieve the real-time monitoring of the fracture geometry during the hydraulic fracturing treatment.In this study,a reduced order modeling technique namely Proper Generalized Decomposition(PGD),is applied to accelerate the simulations of the transient,non-linear coupled system of hydraulic fracturing problem,to match this extremely tight response time constraint.The separability of the solution in space and time dimensions is studied for a simplified model problem.The solid and fluid equations are coupled explicitly by inverting the solid discrete problem,and a simple iterative procedure to handle the non-linear characteristic of the hydraulic fracturing problem is proposed in this work.Numeral validation illustrates that the results of PGD match well with these of standard finite element method in terms o f fracture opening and fluid pressure in the hydro-fracture.Moreover,after the off-line calculations,the numerical results can be obtained in real time.展开更多
Spleen cells from Balb/c mice immunized with five human gastric cancer cell lines in sequence were fused with murine myeloma cell line SP2/0, and hybridomas 3F4, 3G9 and 3H11, secreting monoclonal antibodiees (MoAbs) ...Spleen cells from Balb/c mice immunized with five human gastric cancer cell lines in sequence were fused with murine myeloma cell line SP2/0, and hybridomas 3F4, 3G9 and 3H11, secreting monoclonal antibodiees (MoAbs) against gastric cancer, were obtained through selective culture and screening. These MoAbs have both good selectivity and a high positive rate of reaction for gastric cancer, reaching 5/5 and 84.8% to 93.5% for gastric cancer cells and tissues respectively. The reaction of MoAbs with normal cells and tissues was neglible.The corresponding antigens of the MoAbs were sensitive to digestion by trypsin and pronase and resistant to treatment with sodium periodate, indicating their nature as proteins. The antigen 3G9 could be visualized with Western blotting as two bands with molecular weights of 100KD and 70KD, however no band was found for antigens 3F4 and 3H11. There was a high expression of antigens in the majority of gastric cancer cells and tissues independent of his-topathological type of gastric cancer. A low expression of antigens was seen with other tumors and fetal gastrointestinal tissues. These could be considered as gastric cancer-associated antigens or on-cofetal antigens with a quite extensive distribution.展开更多
Asian rice gall midge (GM) is a major rice pest in South China. Breeding resistance varieties has been a viable and ecologically acceptable approach for managing the pest. This paper reports that the progress of
In this comment on the article“Locating the source field lines of Jovian decametric radio emissions”by Wang YM et al.,2020,we discuss the assumptions used by the authors to compute the beaming angle of Jupiter’s de...In this comment on the article“Locating the source field lines of Jovian decametric radio emissions”by Wang YM et al.,2020,we discuss the assumptions used by the authors to compute the beaming angle of Jupiter’s decametric emissions induced by the moon Io.Their method,relying on multi-point radio observations,was applied to a single event observed on 14th March 2014 by Wind and both STEREO A/B spacecraft from~5 to~16 MHz.They have erroneously identified the emission as a northern(Io-B type)instead of a southern one(Io-D type).We encourage the authors to update their results with the correct hemisphere of origin and to test their method on a larger sample of Jupiter-Io emissions.展开更多
Thin films of polymer blends composed of alternating copolymer, diblock copolymer and/or homopolymer are studied using Monte Carlo simulation. A multilayer morphology is observed in the film, that is, the blended poly...Thin films of polymer blends composed of alternating copolymer, diblock copolymer and/or homopolymer are studied using Monte Carlo simulation. A multilayer morphology is observed in the film, that is, the blended polymers assemble into individual domains arranged from interior to the surfaces of the film. The coexisting components residing throughout the neighboring domains in the film make no distinguishable interface between any neighboring domains. By this means, it forms a vertical composition gradient in the polymeric film. Being different from layer-by-layer deposition of polyelectrolyte or hydrogen bonding approach etc., the layered structure in this study is formed by polymer blending in one step. Alternating copolymers are found to be essential components to form vertical composition gradient （layered structure） in thin films.展开更多
基金the National Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51804033 and 51936001)China Postdoctoral Science and Foundation(Grant No.2018M641254)+3 种基金Beijing Postdoctoral Research Foundation(2018-ZZ-045)the Project of Construction of Innovative Teams and Teacher Career Development for Universities and Colleges Under Beijing Municipality(Grant No.IDHT20170507)Program of Great Wall Scholar(Grant No.CIT&TCD20180313)Jointly Projects of Beijing Natural Science Foundation and Beijing Municipal Education Commission(Grant No.KZ201810017023).
文摘The hydraulic fracturing is a nonlinear,fluid-solid coupling and transient problem,in most cases it is always time-consuming to simulate this process numerically.In recent years,although many numerical methods were proposed to settle this problem,most of them still require a large amount of computer resources.Thus it is a high demand to develop more efficient numerical approaches to achieve the real-time monitoring of the fracture geometry during the hydraulic fracturing treatment.In this study,a reduced order modeling technique namely Proper Generalized Decomposition(PGD),is applied to accelerate the simulations of the transient,non-linear coupled system of hydraulic fracturing problem,to match this extremely tight response time constraint.The separability of the solution in space and time dimensions is studied for a simplified model problem.The solid and fluid equations are coupled explicitly by inverting the solid discrete problem,and a simple iterative procedure to handle the non-linear characteristic of the hydraulic fracturing problem is proposed in this work.Numeral validation illustrates that the results of PGD match well with these of standard finite element method in terms o f fracture opening and fluid pressure in the hydro-fracture.Moreover,after the off-line calculations,the numerical results can be obtained in real time.
文摘Spleen cells from Balb/c mice immunized with five human gastric cancer cell lines in sequence were fused with murine myeloma cell line SP2/0, and hybridomas 3F4, 3G9 and 3H11, secreting monoclonal antibodiees (MoAbs) against gastric cancer, were obtained through selective culture and screening. These MoAbs have both good selectivity and a high positive rate of reaction for gastric cancer, reaching 5/5 and 84.8% to 93.5% for gastric cancer cells and tissues respectively. The reaction of MoAbs with normal cells and tissues was neglible.The corresponding antigens of the MoAbs were sensitive to digestion by trypsin and pronase and resistant to treatment with sodium periodate, indicating their nature as proteins. The antigen 3G9 could be visualized with Western blotting as two bands with molecular weights of 100KD and 70KD, however no band was found for antigens 3F4 and 3H11. There was a high expression of antigens in the majority of gastric cancer cells and tissues independent of his-topathological type of gastric cancer. A low expression of antigens was seen with other tumors and fetal gastrointestinal tissues. These could be considered as gastric cancer-associated antigens or on-cofetal antigens with a quite extensive distribution.
文摘Asian rice gall midge (GM) is a major rice pest in South China. Breeding resistance varieties has been a viable and ecologically acceptable approach for managing the pest. This paper reports that the progress of
基金supported by the Paris Astronomical Data Centre(PADC)at Observatoire de Paris.
文摘In this comment on the article“Locating the source field lines of Jovian decametric radio emissions”by Wang YM et al.,2020,we discuss the assumptions used by the authors to compute the beaming angle of Jupiter’s decametric emissions induced by the moon Io.Their method,relying on multi-point radio observations,was applied to a single event observed on 14th March 2014 by Wind and both STEREO A/B spacecraft from~5 to~16 MHz.They have erroneously identified the emission as a northern(Io-B type)instead of a southern one(Io-D type).We encourage the authors to update their results with the correct hemisphere of origin and to test their method on a larger sample of Jupiter-Io emissions.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.20804001,20974001,21174001 and 51273001)the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(20113401110003)+2 种基金the University Natural Science Research Project of Anhui Province(KJ2011z015)"211 Project""Incubation Fund for Excellent Young Researcher" of Anhui University
文摘Thin films of polymer blends composed of alternating copolymer, diblock copolymer and/or homopolymer are studied using Monte Carlo simulation. A multilayer morphology is observed in the film, that is, the blended polymers assemble into individual domains arranged from interior to the surfaces of the film. The coexisting components residing throughout the neighboring domains in the film make no distinguishable interface between any neighboring domains. By this means, it forms a vertical composition gradient in the polymeric film. Being different from layer-by-layer deposition of polyelectrolyte or hydrogen bonding approach etc., the layered structure in this study is formed by polymer blending in one step. Alternating copolymers are found to be essential components to form vertical composition gradient （layered structure） in thin films.
