Vital Nodes Evolution Study on Railway Network of Silk Road Economic Belt

In order to study the nodes importance and its evolution process of the railway network of SREB (Silk Road Economic Belt), we construct the network (RNSREB) based on Graph Theory, which focuses on the time intervals according to actually railway network, railway project under construction and the national railway network of medium-and long-term plan. The algorithms for vital nodes evaluation are analyzed, the evaluation method on nodes importance of RNSREB is proposed, the quantized values of each node are calculated with Pajek, and TOP20 core nodes of the network with different coefficients and time intervals are determined respectively. Then the evolution process of TOP20 critical nodes with 4 periods is contrasted and analyzed. It is indicated that some vital nodes newly discovered (Geermu, Maduo, Ruoqiang) should be concerned.

Note on Implementation of Three-Qubit SWAP Gate

In this paper, the synthesis and implementation of three-qubit SWAP gate is discussed. The three-qubit SWAP gate can be decomposed into product of 2 two-qubit SWAP gates, and it can be realized by 6 CNOT gates. Research illustrated that although the result is very simple, the current methods of matrix decomposition for multi-qubit gate can not get that. Then the implementation of three-qubit SWAP gate in the three spin system with Ising interaction is investigated and the sequence of control pulse and drift process to implement the gate is given. It needs 23 control pulses and 12 drift processes. Since the interaction can not be switched on and off at will, the realization of three-qubit SWAP gate in specific quantum system also can not simply come down to 2 two-qubit SWAP gates.

Relative ordering of square-norm distance correlations in open quantum systems

We investigate the square-norm distance correlation dynamics of the Bell-diagonal states under different local deco- herence channels, including phase flip, bit flip, and bit-phase flip channels by employing the geometric discord （GD） and its modified geometric discord （MGD）, as the measures of the square-norm distance correlations. Moreover, an explicit comparison between them is made in detail. The results show that there is no distinct dominant relative ordering between them. Furthermore, we obtain that the GD just gradually deceases to zero, while MGD initially has a large freezing interval, and then suddenly changes in evolution. The longer the freezing interval, the less the MGD is. Interestingly, it is shown that the dynamic behaviors of the two geometric discords under the three noisy environments for the Werner-type initial states are the same.

Resonant tunnelling of the magnetization in molecular crystal of [（Mn1-xCrx）12O12 （CH3COO）16（H2O）4]·2CH3COOH·4H2O（x=0,0.03,0.04,0.05）

The quantum tunnelling of magnetization （QTM） in single crystals of the single molecule magnet （Mn1-xCrx）12- Ac （x=0, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05） has been investigated. In comparison with its parent Mnl2-Ac, a greater rate of magnetization relaxation and a lower effective potential-energy barrier have been observed in Cr-doping samples. This modulation of QTM due to the Cr-doping could be attributed to the small change of Sz due to the smaller spin of Cr itself and additional intrinsic but distributed transverse and longitudinal anisotropy raised by a subtle change of the local environment in the magnetic Mn12 core.

Vital Nodes Study on Airway Network of Silk Road Economic Belt

In order to study the nodes importance of the aviation network of SREB (Silk Road Economic Belt), we construct the network (ANSREB) based on Graph Theory that focused on the actually situation of civil aviation transportation of SREB. We analyzed the evaluation algorithms for nodes importance, proposed the evaluation method for nodes importance of ANSREB;the quantized values of each node (Degree, Betweennesss, Closeness) are calculated with Pajek and traffic data, and determined TOP 20 critical nodes of the network on two different conditions respectively (without and within International routes). Then we contrasted and analyzed the reason that affects the ranking of those vital nodes, which has the character of highly concentration of business and dominant status.

Improved Interference Cancellation Scheme for <i>X</i>Channels with Four Antennas

Interference cancellation scheme without feedback is proposed for X channels with four antennas at each user. Space-time codeword with Alamouti structure is designed for each user. Codewords are combined according a certain rule. The unwanted codewords are cancelled by linear operation on the received signals. Then, multi-user interference is mitigated by the orthogonal property of the Alamouti code. Comparing with the existing scheme for the same scene, feedback information is not required in the proposed scheme. So the transmission efficiency is improved.

Effect of gating currents of ion channels on the collective spiking activity of coupled Hodgkin-Huxley neurons

Based on the coupled stochastic Hodgkin-Huxley neurons, we numerically studied the effect of gating currents of ion channels, as well as coupling and the number of neurons, on the collective spiking rate and regularity in the coupled system. It was found, for a given coupling strength and with a relatively large number of neurons, when gating currents are applied, the collective spiking regularity decreases; meanwhile, the collective spiking rate increases, indicating that gating currents can aggravate the de-synchronization of the spikings of all neurons. However, gating currents caused hardly any effect in the spiking of any individual neuron of the coupled system. This result, different from the reduction of the spiking rate by gating currents in a single neuron, provides a new insight into the effect of gating cur-rents on the global information processing and signal transduction in real neural systems.

Synthesis and luminescent properties of Eu^(3+)doped Y_2WO_6 nanophosphors

Novel nanosized Y2WO6：Eu3＋ phosphors were synthesized via a co-precipitation reaction. The crystal structure of Y2WO6：Eu3＋sample was monoclinic phase characterized by using X-ray diffraction （XRD）. The particle size was about 80 nm ob-served by field emission scanning electron microscopy （FE-SEM）. The photoluminescence properties of Y2WO6：Eu3＋nanophos-phors were studied. The results indicated that Eu3＋ 5D0→7F2 red luminescence at 611 nm could be effectively excited by 394 nm near-UV light and 465 nm blue light in Y2WO6 host. The luminescence intensity was the strongest while the Eu3＋doping concentra-tion was 20%. And the chromaticity coordinates of this concentration is （0.651, 0.348）. The energy transfer type between the Eu3＋was determined to be the exchange interaction and the critical energy transfer distance （Dc） was calculated to be about 0.81 ang-strom. The J-O parameters, quantum efficiencies of Eu3＋ 5D0 energy level and Huang-Rhys factor of Y2WO6：Eu3＋nanophosphors were calculated. The calculated values indicated that Y2WO6：Eu3＋had a high capacity for activators and the electron-phonon cou-pling was weak. Therefore, the Y2WO6：Eu3＋nanophosphor is a nice red luminescent material and it may have a potential applica-tion in white LED.

Microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance of Mg–9Li–3Al–1.6Y alloy

Mg–9Li–3Al–1.6Y alloys were prepared through mixture method. The microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance of the as-cast and asextruded alloys were studied by optical microscopy（OM）,scanning electronic microscopy（SEM）, X-ray diffraction（XRD）, mechanical properties testing, and electrochemical measurement. The as-cast Mg–9Li–3Al–1.6Y alloy with the average grain size of 325 lm is composed of b-Li matrix, block a-Mg, and granule Al2Y phases. After extrusion, the grain size of the as-cast alloy is obviously refined and reaches to 75 lm; the strength and elongation of the extruded alloy are enhanced by 17.20 % and49.45 %, respectively, owing to their fine microstructure and reduction of casting defects. The as-extruded alloy shows better corrosion resistance compared to the as-cast one, which may be related to the low stored energy and dislocation density in the extruded alloy, also the homogenization treatment before extrusion.

The next detectors for gravitational wave astronomy

This paper focuses on the next detectors for gravitational wave astronomy which will be required after the current ground based detectors have completed their initial observations, and probably achieved the first direct detection of gravitational waves. The next detectors will need to have greater sensitivity, while also enabling the world array of detectors to have improved angular resolution to allow localisation of signal sources. Sect. 1 of this paper begins by reviewing proposals for the next ground based detectors,and presents an analysis of the sensitivity of an 8 km armlength detector, which is proposed as a safe and cost-effective means to attain a 4-fold improvement in sensitivity. The scientific benefits of creating a pair of such detectors in China and Australia is emphasised. Sect. 2 of this paper discusses the high performance suspension systems for test masses that will be an essential component for future detectors, while sect. 3 discusses solutions to the problem of Newtonian noise which arise from fluctuations in gravity gradient forces acting on test masses. Such gravitational perturbations cannot be shielded, and set limits to low frequency sensitivity unless measured and suppressed. Sects. 4 and 5 address critical operational technologies that will be ongoing issues in future detectors. Sect. 4 addresses the design of thermal compensation systems needed in all high optical power interferometers operating at room temperature. Parametric instability control is addressed in sect. 5. Only recently proven to occur in Advanced LIGO, parametric instability phenomenon brings both risks and opportunities for future detectors. The path to future enhancements of detectors will come from quantum measurement technologies. Sect. 6 focuses on the use of optomechanical devices for obtaining enhanced sensitivity, while sect. 7 reviews a range of quantum measurement options.

Gravitational wave astronomy: the current status

In the centenary year of Einstein's General Theory of Relativity, this paper reviews the current status of gravitational wave astronomy across a spectrum which stretches from attohertz to kilohertz frequencies. Sect. 1 of this paper reviews the historical development of gravitational wave astronomy from Einstein's first prediction to our current understanding the spectrum. It is shown that detection of signals in the audio frequency spectrum can be expected very soon, and that a north-south pair of next generation detectors would provide large scientific benefits. Sect. 2 reviews the theory of gravitational waves and the principles of detection using laser interferometry. The state of the art Advanced LIGO detectors are then described. These detectors have a high chance of detecting the first events in the near future. Sect. 3 reviews the KAGRA detector currently under development in Japan,which will be the first laser interferometer detector to use cryogenic test masses. Sect. 4 of this paper reviews gravitational wave detection in the nanohertz frequency band using the technique of pulsar timing. Sect. 5 reviews the status of gravitational wave detection in the attohertz frequency band, detectable in the polarisation of the cosmic microwave background, and discusses the prospects for detection of primordial waves from the big bang. The techniques described in sects. 1–5 have already placed significant limits on the strength of gravitational wave sources. Sects. 6 and 7 review ambitious plans for future space based gravitational wave detectors in the millihertz frequency band. Sect. 6 presents a roadmap for development of space based gravitational wave detectors by China while sect. 7 discusses a key enabling technology for space interferometry known as time delay interferometry.

An improved computing method for the image edge detection

The framework of detecting the image edge based on the sub-pixel multi-fractal measure （SPMM） is presented. The measure is defined, which gives the sub-pixel local distribution of the image gradient. The more precise singularity exponent of every pixel can be obtained by performing the SPMM analysis on the image. Using the singularity exponents and the multi-fractal spectrum of the image, the image can be segmented into a series of sets with different singularity exponents, thus the image edge can be detected automatically and easily. The simulation results show that the SPMM has higher quality factor in the image edge detection.

Study on Spot Addressing and Segmentation Method for Microarray Image

This paper presents a novel method of spot addressing and segmentation about the foreground segmentation of microarray image. In this paper,a spot addressing method based on particle swarm optimization(PSO),algorithm is proposed to have a further search for the center coordinate and radius of the spot whose region is determined by the projection method. Then,a foreground segmentation method is put forward to make the spot foreground segmentation based on the center coordinate and radius of the spot. The spot addressing and segmentation experiments on synthetic and real microarray images show that the proposed method is effective and feasible for the foreground segmentation of microarray image.