Integrating innovative library e-reserves service into teaching and learning at Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Purpose: Fully integrating its e-reserves service into the university's course management system has become the primary design goal of the innovative e-reserves service system at Shanghai Jiao Tong University(SJTU) Library.Design/methodology/approach: Through blending library and information service into the teaching and learning process, SJTU Library has effectively combined its reserves service into the user learning environment. The main metadata model and the design of various interfaces of the e-reserves service system are introduced.Findings: E-reserves has been integrated into the course management system. Users can directly access relevant resources when they browse the customized course page. It is more convenient for teachers to add reserves items, and the added items can be made available simultaneously on SJTU Library's resource discovery platform automatically.Research limitations: At present, e-reserves items are mainly books, and more other types of reserves materials are needed to be provided. Some relevant copyright issues should be addressed.Practical implications: Using a series of interface interactions, the e-reserves service has been integrated into the university's course management system. It is convenient for students to access customized e-reserves service during their learning process.Originality/value: We achieved interconnection between the e-reserves and the university's course management system. Information on the e-reserves Web page is automatically updated.SJTU Library provides customized e-reserves service in the course management system.

A study of the IC^2 Culture Exploring Project of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) Library

The paper analyzes the environments confronted with academic libraries and the evolving characteristics of Shanghai Jiao Tong University that give shape to the conception and implementation of an IC2Culture Exploring Project. This innovative model of SJTU Library operation is not only in concert with the strategic goals of SJTU but also with two other conspicuous developmental trends in the larger academic library circle;namely, 1) a trend toward the deepening of library service support in academic arena on the one hand and 2) the trend of diversifying library outreach services on the other hand.Based on our first-hand involvement in all phases and aspects of this project and its subsequent review and analysis undertakings, this paper expatiates upon the IC2Culture Exploring Project of SJTU Library in terms of its vision, its specific mission objectives, its program design, its unique characteristics, its launching process, its salient case studies, its initial results and its strategies for a sustainable development in the future.

A study of subject-focused liaison services to its academic constituents under an IC^2 conceptualized program at Shanghai Jiao Tong University Library

This paper stipulates that the subject-based library liaison service to a university's teaching and research programs with certain embedded distinctive features should become the mainstream modus operandi of its library service. It takes the innovative service program based on an IC2 conceptualized program at Shanghai Jiao Tong University Library(thereafter abbreviated as SJTUL) as a concrete example to elucidate the merit of such an endeavor. Specifically, this paper discusses the particular development background, overall objectives and service contents of the IC2 motivated program at SJTUL. By presenting a detailed account of some of the key measures, major achievements and also possible future directions of library service development under the guiding principles of SJTUL's IC2 program, these authors hope that its innovative library practice may serve as a reference for other academic librarians to gain some inspirations for their own parallel service innovations or refinement focused on subject-oriented library liaison service to their constituents and parent institution's curricula and research projects.

The Jiao Tong University Spectroscopic Telescope Project

The Jiao Tong University Spectroscopic Telescope(JUST)is a 4.4-meter f/6.0 segmented-mirror telescope dedicated to spectroscopic observations.The JUST primary mirror is composed of 18 hexagonal segments,each with a diameter of 1.1 m.JUST provides two Nasmyth platforms for placing science instruments.One Nasmyth focus fits a field of view of 10′and the other has an extended field of view of 1.2°with correction optics.A tertiary mirror is used to switch between the two Nasmyth foci.JUST will be installed at a site at Lenghu in Qinghai Province,China,and will conduct spectroscopic observations with three types of instruments to explore the dark universe,trace the dynamic universe,and search for exoplanets:(1)a multi-fiber(2000 fibers)medium-resolution spectrometer(R=4000-5000)to spectroscopically map galaxies and large-scale structure;(2)an integral field unit(IFU)array of 500 optical fibers and/or a long-slit spectrograph dedicated to fast follow-ups of transient sources for multi-messenger astronomy;(3)a high-resolution spectrometer(R~100000)designed to identify Jupiter analogs and Earth-like planets,with the capability to characterize the atmospheres of hot exoplanets.

Medicine-Engineering Interdisciplinary Research Based on Bibliometric Analysis: A Case Study on Medicine-Engineering Institutional Cooperation of Shanghai Jiao Tong University

This article aims to provide reference for medicine-engineering interdisciplinary research.Targeted at the scientific literature and patent literature published by Shanghai Jiao Tong University,this article attempts to set up co-occurrence matrix of medicine-engineering institutional information which was extracted from address fields of the papers,so as to construct the medicine-engineering intersection datasets.The dataset of scientific literature was analyzed using bibliometrics and visualization methods from multiple dimensions,and the most active factors,such as trends of output,journal and subject distribution,were identified from the indicators of category normalized citation impact(CNCI),times cited,keywords,citation topics and the degree of medicineengineering interdisplinary.Research on hotspots and trends was discussed in detail.Analyses of the dataset of patent literature showed research themes and measured the degree for technology convergence of medicineengineering.

Summarized Minutes of International Seminar on Biomass Energy:Opportunity and Challenge,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai,China,December 7-8,2008

International Seminar on Biomass Energy:Opportunity and Challenge&the 4th SJTU-CU International Workshop on Biotechnology and Modern Agriculture,jointly organized by Shanghai Jiao Tong University(China)and Cornell University(USA),bringing together more than 70 experts from 9 countries on bioenergy,was held in Shanghai Jiao Tong University within December 7-8,2008.The international seminar was chaired by Dr Ronghou Liu,Professor and Director of Biomass Energy Engineering Research Centre,School of Agriculture and Biology,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,China.The honorable guests participating in this international seminar included Yawu Wang,vice director of Division of Agriculture,Department of Agricultural Science and Technology,Ministry of Science and Technology.

Review and expectation of integrated curriculum of basic medical sciences of Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Since early 1950 s,many domestic and foreign medical schools have carried out the integrated teaching reform of medical education. In our school of basic medical sciences,there have been three types of integrated curriculum reform carried out in history,i. e. horizontally integrated courses,problem-oriented basic medical sciences curriculum, and organ system-based integrated curriculum. This article reviews the experience of these three teaching reforms and the problems encountered and hopes to provide some references for the integration of basic medical sciences curriculum of other medical schools.

Building New Education Model to Enhance the Comprehensive Competence of the Medical Students The exploration of PRICE Education Model in School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University

To enhance the competence of medical students, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine innovates the new PRICE education model, through Problem-based Learning(P) and Research-based learning(R), guides the students to give full play to the active learning; break the traditional discipline-centered teaching model by an integrated curriculum(I),combines with clinical practice-based learning(C) to solve the disjointed question between the basic theory and clinical practice in medical education, uses the comprehensive evaluation system(E) to assess the learning effect of the students and the quality of the teaching. The PRICE education model is verified by our educational practice.

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum AR113 alleviates microbiota dysbiosis of tongue coating and cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat

Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide.However,information on stroke-related tongue coating microbiome(TCM)is limited,and whether TCM modulation could benefit for stroke prevention and rehabilitation is unknown.Here,TCM from stroke patients(SP)was characterized using molecular techniques.The occurrence of stroke resulted in TCM dysbiosis with significantly reduced species richness and diversity.The abundance of Prevotella,Leptotrichia,Actinomyces,Alloprevotella,Haemophilus,and TM7_[G-1]were greatly reduced,but common infection Streptococcus and Pseudomonas were remarkably increased.Furthermore,an antioxidative probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum AR113 was used for TCM intervention in stroke rats with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion(I/R).AR113 partly restored I/R induced change of TCM and gut microbiota with significantly improved neurological deficit,relieved histopathologic change,increased activities of antioxidant enzymes,and decreased contents of oxidative stress biomarkers.Moreover,the gene expression of antioxidant-related proteins and apoptosis-related factors heme oxygenase-1(HO-1),superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2),NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase-1(NQO-1),and Bcl-2 was significantly increased,but cytochrome C,cleaved caspase-3,and Bax were markedly decreased in the brain by AR113 treatment.The results suggested that AR113 could ameliorate cerebral I/R injury through antioxidation and anti-apoptosis pathways,and AR113 intervention of TCM may have the application potential for stroke prevention and control.

Sexual and reproductive health service needs of university/ college students： updates from a survey in Shanghai, China

Aim： To promote the provision of reproductive health services to young people by exploring the attitudes and perceptions of university students in Shanghai, China, toward reproductive health. Methods： From July 2004 to May 2006, 5 243 students from 14 universities in Shanghai took part in our survey. Topics covered the demands of reproductive health-care services, attitudes towards and experience with sex, exposure to pornographic material, and knowledge on sexual health and sexually transmitted infections （STIs）/AIDS. Results： Of the 5 067 students who provided valid answer sheets, 50.05% were female and 49.95% were male, 14.86% were medical students, and 85.14% had non-medical backgrounds. A total of 38.4% of respondents had received reproductive health education previously. The majority of students supported school-based reproductive health education, and also acquired information about sex predominantly from books, schoolmates, and the Internet. Premarital sexual behavior was opposed by 17.7% of survey participants, and 37.5% could identify all the three types of STIs listed in the questionnaire. Although 83.7% knew how HIV is transmitted, only 55.7% knew when to use a condom and 57.8% knew that the use of condoms could reduce the risk of HIV infection. Conclusion： The reproductive health service is lagging behind current attitudes and demands of university students. Although students＇ attitudes towards sexual matters are liberal, their knowledge about reproductive health and STIs/AIDS is still limited. It is therefore necessary to provide effective and confidential reproductive health services to young people.

Cell metabolism pathways involved in the pathophysiological changes of diabetic peripheral neuropathy

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy is a common complication of diabetes mellitus.Elucidating the pathophysiological metabolic mechanism impels the generation of ideal therapies.However,existing limited treatments for diabetic peripheral neuropathy expose the urgent need for cell metabolism research.Given the lack of comprehensive understanding of energy metabolism changes and related signaling pathways in diabetic peripheral neuropathy,it is essential to explore energy changes and metabolic changes in diabetic peripheral neuropathy to develop suitable treatment methods.This review summarizes the pathophysiological mechanism of diabetic peripheral neuropathy from the perspective of cellular metabolism and the specific interventions for different metabolic pathways to develop effective treatment methods.Various metabolic mechanisms(e.g.,polyol,hexosamine,protein kinase C pathway)are associated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy,and researchers are looking for more effective treatments through these pathways.

Succinylation modification:a potential therapeutic target in stroke

Stroke is a leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide.Ischemic cell death triggered by the compromised supply of blood oxygen and glucose is one of the major pathophysiology of strokeinduced brain injury.Impaired mitochondrial energy metabolism is observed minutes after stroke and is closely associated with the progression of neuropathology.Recently,a new type of posttranslational modification,known as lysine succinylation,has been recognized to play a significant role in mitochondrial energy metabolism after ischemia.However,the role of succinylation modification in cell metabolism after stroke and its regulation are not well understood.We aimed to review the effects of succinylation on energy metabolism,reactive oxygen species generation,and neuroinflammation,as well as Sirtuin 5 mediated desuccinylation after stroke.We also highlight the potential of targeting succinylation/desuccinylation as a promising strategy for the treatment of stroke.The succinylation level is dynamically regulated by the nonenzymatic or enzymatic transfer of a succinyl group to a protein on lysine residues and the removal of succinyl catalyzed by desuccinylases.Mounting evidence has suggested that succinylation can regulate the metabolic pathway through modulating the activity or stability of metabolic enzymes.Sirtuins,especially Sirtuin 5,are characterized for their desuccinylation activity and have been recognized as a critical regulator of metabolism through desuccinylating numerous metabolic enzymes.Imbalance between succinylation and desuccinylation has been implicated in the pathophysiology of stroke.Pharmacological agents that enhance the activity of Sirtuin 5 have been employed to promote desuccinylation and improve mitochondrial metabolism,and neuroprotective effects of these agents have been observed in experimental stroke studies.However,their therapeutic efficacy in stroke patients should be validated.

Sustained release of vascular endothelial growth factor A and basic fibroblast growth factor from nanofiber membranes reduces oxygen/glucose deprivation-induced injury to neurovascular units

Upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor A/basic fibroblast growth factor(VEGFA/b FGF)expression in the penumbra of cerebral ischemia can increase vascular volume,reduce lesion volume,and enhance neural cell proliferation and differentiation,thereby exerting neuroprotective effects.However,the beneficial effects of endogenous VEGFA/b FGF are limited as their expression is only transiently increased.In this study,we generated multilayered nanofiber membranes loaded with VEGFA/b FGF using layer-by-layer self-assembly and electrospinning techniques.We found that a membrane containing 10 layers had an ideal ultrastructure and could efficiently and stably release growth factors for more than 1 month.This 10-layered nanofiber membrane promoted brain microvascular endothelial cell tube formation and proliferation,inhibited neuronal apoptosis,upregulated the expression of tight junction proteins,and improved the viability of various cellular components of neurovascular units under conditions of oxygen/glucose deprivation.Furthermore,this nanofiber membrane decreased the expression of Janus kinase-2/signal transducer and activator of transcription-3(JAK2/STAT3),Bax/Bcl-2,and cleaved caspase-3.Therefore,this nanofiber membrane exhibits a neuroprotective effect on oxygen/glucose-deprived neurovascular units by inhibiting the JAK2/STAT3 pathway.

Potential therapeutic role of spermine via Rac1 in osteoporosis:Insights from zebrafish and mice

Osteoporosis(OP)is a prevalent metabolic bone disease.While drug therapy is essential to prevent bone loss in osteoporotic patients,current treatments are limited by side effects and high costs,necessitating the development of more effective and safer targeted therapies.Utilizing a zebrafish(Danio rerio)larval model of osteoporosis,we explored the influence of the metabolite spermine on bone homeostasis.Results showed that spermine exhibited dual activity in osteoporotic zebrafish larvae by increasing bone formation and decreasing bone resorption.Spermine not only demonstrated excellent biosafety but also mitigated prednisolone-induced embryonic neurotoxicity and cardiotoxicity.Notably,spermine showcased protective attributes in the nervous systems of both zebrafish embryos and larvae.At the molecular level,Rac1 was identified as playing a pivotal role in mediating the antiosteoporotic effects of spermine,with P53 potentially acting downstream of Rac1.These findings were confirmed using mouse(Mus musculus)models,in which spermine not only ameliorated osteoporosis but also promoted bone formation and mineralization under healthy conditions,suggesting strong potential as a bonestrengthening agent.This study underscores the beneficial role of spermine in osteoporotic bone homeostasis and skeletal system development,highlighting pivotal molecular mediators.Given their efficacy and safety,human endogenous metabolites like spermine are promising candidates for new anti-osteoporotic drug development and daily bone-fortifying agents.

Biomaterials-based anti-inflammatory treatment strategies for Alzheimer's disease

The current therapeutic drugs for Alzheimer's disease only improve symptoms,they do not delay disease progression.Therefo re,there is an urgent need for new effective drugs.The underlying pathogenic factors of Alzheimer's disease are not clear,but neuroinflammation can link various hypotheses of Alzheimer's disease;hence,targeting neuroinflammation may be a new hope for Alzheimer's disease treatment.Inhibiting inflammation can restore neuronal function,promote neuro regeneration,reduce the pathological burden of Alzheimer's disease,and improve or even reverse symptoms of Alzheimer's disease.This review focuses on the relationship between inflammation and various pathological hypotheses of Alzheimer's disease;reports the mechanisms and characteristics of small-molecule drugs(e.g.,nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,neurosteroids,and plant extracts);macromolecule drugs(e.g.,peptides,proteins,and gene therapeutics);and nanocarriers(e.g.,lipid-based nanoparticles,polymeric nanoparticles,nanoemulsions,and inorganic nanoparticles)in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.The review also makes recommendations for the prospective development of anti-inflammatory strategies based on nanocarriers for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

Two-Staged Method for Ice Channel Identification Based on Image Segmentation and Corner Point Regression

Identification of the ice channel is the basic technology for developing intelligent ships in ice-covered waters,which is important to ensure the safety and economy of navigation.In the Arctic,merchant ships with low ice class often navigate in channels opened up by icebreakers.Navigation in the ice channel often depends on good maneuverability skills and abundant experience from the captain to a large extent.The ship may get stuck if steered into ice fields off the channel.Under this circumstance,it is very important to study how to identify the boundary lines of ice channels with a reliable method.In this paper,a two-staged ice channel identification method is developed based on image segmentation and corner point regression.The first stage employs the image segmentation method to extract channel regions.In the second stage,an intelligent corner regression network is proposed to extract the channel boundary lines from the channel region.A non-intelligent angle-based filtering and clustering method is proposed and compared with corner point regression network.The training and evaluation of the segmentation method and corner regression network are carried out on the synthetic and real ice channel dataset.The evaluation results show that the accuracy of the method using the corner point regression network in the second stage is achieved as high as 73.33%on the synthetic ice channel dataset and 70.66%on the real ice channel dataset,and the processing speed can reach up to 14.58frames per second.

Mitophagy in neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis

Mitochondria are critical cellular energy resources and are central to the life of the neuron.Mitophagy selectively clears damaged or dysfunctional mitochondria through autophagic machinery to maintain mitochondrial quality control and homeostasis.Mature neurons are postmitotic and consume substantial energy,thus require highly efficient mitophagy pathways to turn over damaged or dysfunctional mitochondria.Recent evidence indicates that mitophagy is pivotal to the pathogenesis of neurological diseases.However,more work is needed to study mitophagy pathway components as potential therapeutic targets.In this review,we briefly discuss the characteristics of nonselective autophagy and selective autophagy,including ERphagy,aggrephagy,and mitophagy.We then introduce the mechanisms of Parkin-dependent and Parkin-independent mitophagy pathways under physiological conditions.Next,we summarize the diverse repertoire of mitochondrial membrane receptors and phospholipids that mediate mitophagy.Importantly,we review the critical role of mitophagy in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson’s disease,and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.Last,we discuss recent studies considering mitophagy as a potential therapeutic target for treating neurodegenerative diseases.Together,our review may provide novel views to better understand the roles of mitophagy in neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis.

Lupenone improves motor dysfunction in spinal cord injury mice through inhibiting the inflammasome activation and pyroptosis in microglia via the nuclear factor kappa B pathway

Spinal cord injury-induced motor dysfunction is associated with neuroinflammation.Studies have shown that the triterpenoid lupenone,a natural product found in various plants,has a remarkable anti-inflammatory effect in the context of chronic inflammation.However,the effects of lupenone on acute inflammation induced by spinal cord injury remain unknown.In this study,we established an impact-induced mouse model of spinal cord injury,and then treated the injured mice with lupenone(8 mg/kg,twice a day)by intrape ritoneal injection.We also treated BV2 cells with lipopolysaccharide and adenosine5’-triphosphate to simulate the inflammatory response after spinal cord injury.Our res ults showed that lupenone reduced IKBa activation and p65 nuclear translocation,inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome function by modulating nuclear factor kappa B,and enhanced the conve rsion of proinflammatory M1 mic roglial cells into anti-inflammatory M2 microglial cells.Furthermore,lupenone decreased NLRP3 inflammasome activation,NLRP3-induced mic roglial cell polarization,and microglia pyroptosis by inhibiting the nuclear factor kappa B pathway.These findings suggest that lupenone protects against spinal cord injury by inhibiting inflammasomes.

Comparative transcriptome analysis between rhesus macaques(Macaca mulatta) and crab-eating macaques(M. fascicularis)

Understanding gene expression variations between species is pivotal for deciphering the evolutionary diversity in phenotypes. Rhesus macaques(Macaca mulatta, MMU)and crab-eating macaques(M. fascicularis, MFA) serve as crucial nonhuman primate biomedical models with different phenotypes. To date, however, large-scale comparative transcriptome research between these two species has not yet been fully explored. Here, we conducted systematic comparisons utilizing newly sequenced RNA-seq data from84 samples(41 MFA samples and 43 MMU samples)encompassing 14 common tissues. Our findings revealed a small fraction of genes(3.7%) with differential expression between the two species, as well as 36.5% of genes with tissue-specific expression in both macaques. Comparison of gene expression between macaques and humans indicated that 22.6% of orthologous genes displayed differential expression in at least two tissues. Moreover,19.41% of genes that overlapped with macaque-specific structural variants showed differential expression between humans and macaques. Of these, the FAM220A gene exhibited elevated expression in humans compared to macaques due to lineage-specific duplication. In summary,this study presents a large-scale transcriptomic comparison between MMU and MFA and between macaques and humans. The discovery of gene expression variations not only enhances the biomedical utility of macaque models but also contributes to the wider field of primate genomics.

Neural stem cell-derived exosomes promote mitochondrial biogenesis and restore abnormal protein distribution in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease

Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease.We previously showed that neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles improved mitochondrial function in the cortex of AP P/PS1 mice.Because Alzheimer’s disease affects the entire brain,further research is needed to elucidate alterations in mitochondrial metabolism in the brain as a whole.Here,we investigated the expression of several important mitochondrial biogenesis-related cytokines in multiple brain regions after treatment with neural stem cell-derived exosomes and used a combination of whole brain clearing,immunostaining,and lightsheet imaging to clarify their spatial distribution.Additionally,to clarify whether the sirtuin 1(SIRT1)-related pathway plays a regulatory role in neural stem cell-de rived exosomes interfering with mitochondrial functional changes,we generated a novel nervous system-SIRT1 conditional knoc kout AP P/PS1mouse model.Our findings demonstrate that neural stem cell-de rived exosomes significantly increase SIRT1 levels,enhance the production of mitochondrial biogenesis-related fa ctors,and inhibit astrocyte activation,but do not suppress amyloid-βproduction.Thus,neural stem cell-derived exosomes may be a useful therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer’s disease that activates the SIRT1-PGC1αsignaling pathway and increases NRF1 and COXIV synthesis to improve mitochondrial biogenesis.In addition,we showed that the spatial distribution of mitochondrial biogenesis-related factors is disrupted in Alzheimer’s disease,and that neural stem cell-derived exosome treatment can reverse this effect,indicating that neural stem cell-derived exosomes promote mitochondrial biogenesis.