Simulating the Effect of Social Network Structure on Workflow Efficiency Performance

The effect of social network structure on team performance is difficult to investigate using standard field observational studies. This is because social network structure is an endogeneous variable, in that prior team performance can influence the values of structural measures such as centrality and connectedness. In this work we propose a novel simulation model based on agent-based modeling that allows social network structure to be treated as an exogeneous variable but still be allowed to evolve over time. The simulation model consists of experiments with multiple runs in each experiment. The social network amongst the agents is allowed to evolve between runs based on past performance. However, within each run, the social network is treated as an exogenous variable where it directly affects workflow performance. The simulation model we describe has several inputs and parameters that increase its validity, including a realistic workflow management depiction and real-world cognitive strategies by the agents.

Methane dehydroaromatization–A study on hydrogen use for catalyst reduction, role of molybdenum, the nature of catalyst support and significance of Bronsted acid sites

Methane dehydroaromatization was studied over Mo/SiO2 and Mo/HZSM-5 with different Mo loadings(2, 5, 10 wt%) at 973 K and 1023 K in a recirculating batch reactor. H2 pretreatment at 1023 K prior to methane activation has significantly improved the catalyst activity with increase in Mo loading and reduced the induction time on benzene formation in both Mo/SiO2 and Mo/HZSM-5. 10 wt% Mo/HZSM-5 gave a maximum methane conversion of 19% and ~67% benzene selectivity at 1023 K. The XRD analysis of used catalysts revealed that the Mo O3 species were converted to β-Mo2C phase. Studies on Mo/SiO2 catalysts showed that benzene was formed even in the absence of acidic zeolite sites. Reactions of ethylene in the presence of pure silica, HZSM-5 and in a blank reactor revealed that conversion of ethylene to aromatics was similar in case of the blank reactor and silica. Thus, it is believed that molybdenum carbide sites act as active sites only for C–H bond activation of methane and ethylene formation. Even though, ethylene can undergo subsequent oligomerization without any catalytic aid to form benzene at973 K and above addition of acidic zeolites improved the selectivity of benzene.

Compare and Contrast the Theories of Piaget and Vygotsky

Cognitive developmental theories deal with the processes ofthinking progress,including memory,attention,problem solvingand decision-making,from childhood through adolescence to adult-hood.In this essay I will compare and contrast the developmentaltheories of Piaget and Vygotsky,both of which play an importantroleintheresearchofcognitive development.Piaget’s developmental theory is a cognitive developmentaltheory which is mainly about the nature and development of

Co-MOF as an electron donor for promoting visible-light photoactivities of g-C3N4 nanosheets for CO2 reduction

A possible mechanism for boosting the visible-light photoactivities of graphitic carbon nitride(g-C3N4)nanosheets for CO2 reduction via coupling with the electron donor Co-metal-organic framework(MOF)is proposed in this study.Specifically,Co-MOF as an electron donor is capable of transferring the photogenerated electrons in the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital(LUMO)to the conduction band of g-C3N4 to facilitate charge separation.As expected,the prepared Co-MOF/g-C3N4 nanocomposites display excellent visible-light-driven photocatalytic CO2 reduction activities.The CO production rate of 6.75μmol g–1 h–1 and CH4 evolution rate of 5.47μmol g–1 h–1 are obtained,which are approximately 2 times those obtained with the original g-C3N4 under the same conditions.Based on a series of analyses,it is shown that the introduction of Co-MOF not only broadens the range of visible-light absorption but also enhances the charge separation,which improves the photocatalytic activity of g-C3N4 to a higher level.In particular,the hydroxyl radical(·OH)experiment was operated under 590 nm(single-wavelength)irradiation,which further proved that the photogenerated electrons in the LUMO of Co-MOF can successfully migrate to g-C3N4.This work may provide an important strategy for the design of highly efficient g-C3N4-based photocatalysts for CO2 reduction.

A study of different fluid droplets impacting on a liquid film

Knowledge of droplet dynamics provides the basis of predicting pressure drops, holdups and corrosion inhibitor distribution in multiphase flow. Droplet size and its distribution also determine the separation efficiency between different phases. Experimental observations were conducted for droplet impingements with different fluids, droplet sizes and velocities, and film thicknesses. The observed transition boundaries were compared with the models developed by different authors. For impingement on a deep pool surface, the Marengo and Tropea correlation for splashing does not agree with the experimental results in this study. The Bai and Gosman critical Weber number for bouncing agrees with the water results but not the oil results. Three new correlations for transition boundaries between bouncing, coalescence, jetting and splashing were proposed and compared with the experimental observations.

Microscopic production characteristics of crude oil in nano-pores of shale oil reservoirs during CO_(2)huff and puff

The parameters such as pore size distribution,specific surface area and pore volume of shale rock samples are analyzed by low-temperature nitrogen adsorption experiment,and then the conversion coefficient between relaxation time(T_(2))and pore size is calibrated.Nuclear magnetic resonance experiments of CO_(2)huff and puff in shale samples are carried out to study the effects of gas injection pressure,soaking time and fractures on the oil production characteristics of shale pores from the micro scale.The recovery degrees of small pores(less than or equal to 50 nm)and large pores(greater than 50 nm)are quantitatively evaluated.The experimental results show that the recovery degree of crude oil in large pores increases rapidly with the increase of injection pressure under immiscible conditions,and the effect of injection pressure rise on recovery degree of large pores decreases under miscible conditions;whether miscible or not,the recovery degree of crude oil in small pores basically maintains a linear increase with the increase of injection pressure,and the lower size limit of pores in which oil can be recovered by CO_(2)decreases with the increase of gas injection pressure;with the increase of soaking time,the recovery degree of crude oil in large pores increases slowly gradually,while the recovery degree of crude oil in small pores increases faster and then decelerates,and the best soaking time in the experiments is about 10 h;the existence of fractures can enhance the recovery degrees of crude oil in small pores and large pores noticeably.

Adaptive Controller Design for Dynamic Maneuvers of High Speed Underwater Vehicles

The control synthesis of the high-speed underwater vehicle faces many technical challenges due to its inherent structure and surrounding operational environment.In this paper,the dynamical behavior is firstly described through a bifurcation analysis to give some insights for robust control synthesis.Then a novel adaptive fractional-order sliding mode controller(AFOSMC)is realized to effectively manipulate the supercavitating vehicle against payload changes,nonlinear planing force,and external disturbances.The fractional order(FO)calculus can offer more flexibility and more freedom for tuning active control synthesis than the integer-order counterpart.In addition,the adaptation law has been presented to directly handle the payload change effects.The stability of the controlled vehicle system is proven via Lyapunov stability theory.Next,the dynamic performance of the proposed controller is verified through extensive simulation results,which demonstrate the control accuracy with faster responses compared with existing integer-order controllers.Finally,the proposed fractional order controllers can provide higher performance than their integer order counterparts with control algorithms.

Peak Torque as an Indicator of Rapid Torque Production during Screening Examinations

Although the ability to produce force rapidly is an indispensable characteristic of optimal health and performance, screening for this very critical parameter of strength is difficult because of clinician time constraints. The purpose this study was to investigate relationships between peak torque （PT） and rate of torque development （RTD） at 0-30, 0-50, 0-100, and 0-200 ms in female collegiate soccer athletes. Seventeen female collegiate soccer athletes were recruited. Isometric PT and RTD were collected at the hip abductors （AB）, hip adductors （AD）, knee extensors （KE） and knee flexors （KF）. The coefficients of determination were calculated to evaluate the association between PT and RTD. Normalized AB, AD and KF PT were significantly correlated to RTD at 0-30, 0-50, 0-100 and 0-200 ms, while KEPT was only significantly correlated to RTD at 0-100 and 0-200 ms. The results of this study indicate that PT is a viable, indirect indicator of early late phase RTD at separate time intervals at the AB, AD and KF. However, it is likely that other physiological factors coupled with PT are required to provide information on the rapid force production capabilities of the KFs and KEs based on the percent of common variance observed.

Evaluating the spike in the symptomatic proportion of SARS-CoV-2 in China in 2022 with variolation effects:a modeling analysis

Despite most COVID-19 infections being asymptomatic,China's Mainland had a high increase in symptomatic cases at the end of 2022.In this study,we examine China's sudden COVID-19 symptomatic surge using a conceptual SIR-based model.Our model considers the epidemiological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2,particularly variolation,from non-pharmaceutical intervention(facial masking and social distance),demography,and disease mortality in China's Mainland.The increase in symptomatic proportions in China may be attributable to(1)higher sensitivity and vulnerability during winter and(2)enhanced viral inhalation due to spikes in SARS-CoV-2 infections(high transmissibility).These two reasons could explain China's high symptomatic proportion of COVID-19 in December 2022.Our study,therefore,can serve as a decision-support tool to enhance SARS-CoV-2 prevention and control efforts.Thus,we highlight that facemask-induced variolation could potentially reduces transmissibility rather than severity in infected individuals.However,further investigation is required to understand the variolation effect on disease severity.

井筒环空稳态多相流水动力学模型

基于井筒环空气液两相流流型的分类及特点,建立适合于直井、斜井的井筒环空段塞流、环状流水动力学模型及环空流型过渡准则。基于井筒环空多相流特性,以液膜区域为控制单元,考虑油管膜、套管膜双层液膜的存在及气芯中液滴对质量、动量传递的影响,推导了环空段塞流、环状流质量、动量守恒方程,得到了段塞流与分散泡状流、泡状流及环状流间的流型过渡准则。根据已发表文献中的实验条件,采用本文模型与校正后的圆管模型预测了不同气、液相表观速度下的流型、持液率及压力梯度。结果表明:采用本文模型可以比较准确地预测环空流型、持液率及压降梯度,且预测持液率、压力梯度的准确性优于校正后的圆管模型。

页岩拉张型微裂缝几何特征描述及渗透率计算

为了研究页岩拉张型微裂缝中的渗流规律，采用巴西实验在5块Barnett页岩岩心中形成拉张型裂缝。采用三维面轮廓仪获取裂缝面形态，基于扫描原理将三维信息转换为二维信息计算迂曲度、倾角、粗糙度等特征参数，引入聚类分析方法明确各参数间距离，采用格子玻尔兹曼方法模拟开度在0．05～0．40mm范围内页岩微裂缝渗流，并结合理论分析推导微裂缝渗透率计算公式。结果表明：所选取样本迂曲度在1．10左右，倾角为0．99°～8．86°，粗糙度为0．062-0．162mm；迂曲度、粗糙度、倾角对渗透率影响不存在替代关系，必须同时考虑三者的影响；计算微裂缝渗透率比平板模型渗透率要小19％-29％，说明必须考虑裂缝粗糙度影响；经验证，推导的渗透率计算公式误差控制在4％以内，可用于拉张型微裂缝渗透率计算。

集合卡尔曼滤波方法在非线性油藏问题中的应用

改进标准集合卡尔曼滤波方法,对非线性油藏的历史拟合及反演问题进行研究。油藏生产历史数据历史拟合过程中只对油藏模型参数进行更新,然后利用更新的模型参数从初始状态重新运行油藏数值模拟软件进行下一拟合时刻的生产预测,从而解决由于非线性引起的更新模型与更新动态场间的不一致性。利用改进方法对一个假定油藏的初始油水界面位置、渗透率场以及孔隙度场等参数进行估计,并与标准集合卡尔曼滤波方法的结果进行比较。结果表明,改进的集合卡尔曼滤波方法能得到很好的估计和预测结果。

含裂缝地层的过套管电阻率测井响应特征研究

由于石油压裂开采等开发措施的实施,会使在套管周围存在着许多被油气等高阻流体填充的微裂缝.尽管这些裂缝或孔隙可能很小,但对套管井电阻率测量会有非常大的影响,甚至会改变原地层的电阻率测井特征,因此裂缝测井响应的计算及考察对过套管电阻率测井十分重要.为解决裂缝测井响应的计算问题,本文提出了计算等效电阻的电流通量管模型,利用该电流通量管模型给出了含垂直裂缝地层横向电阻的计算方法,基于传输线方程法及地层电阻的过套管测量方法实现了含裂缝地层的过套管电阻率测井响应的数值计算,通过计算实例考察了地层裂缝对过套管电阻率测井响应的影响.算例表明:裂缝中的高阻流体对地层视电阻率测量结果会有较大的影响;环形裂隙比垂直裂缝有更大的电阻率测井响应.本文的研究为解决微裂缝过套管电阻率测井响应的计算这一关键技术问题提供了一种可行的计算与考察方法.

基于离散余弦变换的集合Kalman滤波方法对河流相油藏渗透率场的反演

针对河流相油藏参数场的非高斯性及油藏生产数据与地质模型之间的非线性关系,提出了耦合离散余弦变换的半迭代集合Kalman滤波方法对河流相油藏进行生产历史拟合及反演.将河流相油藏非高斯渗透率场利用离散余弦变换变为类似高斯分布的DCT(Discrete cosine transform)系数,利用能量压缩特性对DCT系数进行截断,使得反演渗透率场的分布变得光滑,较好地解决了河流相油藏的非高斯分布问题.半迭代集合Kalman滤波法很好地解决了油藏生产数据与地质模型之间的非线性问题.理论证明了半迭代集合Kalman滤波与EnRML方法的等效性.比较了标准EnKF、耦合DCT的EnKF及耦合DCT的半迭代EnKF法对河流相油藏渗透率场的反演.讨论了DCT系数保留模式及系数保留数量对耦合DCT的半迭代集合Kalman滤波方法反演结果的影响,结果表明三角形系数保留模式可以用更少的系数保留参数场的地质特征,当保留2.5%的DCT系数时,反演结果已经充分反映了河流相油藏的地质特征.

低产油井抽油机原理及动力学研究

针对现有抽油机应用于低产油井时体积大、重量大、能耗高、效率低的问题,提出一种低产油井抽油机,实现体积小、重量轻、效率高、能耗低。通过理论分析,建立了该机型的运动和动力学模型。通过实例计算、室内和现场试验表明,该机型减速器输出轴净扭矩和电动机有效输出功率波动较小,全周期做正功,提高了电动机瞬时利用率和系统效率,节能效果明显。

基于Lattice Boltzmann方法的页岩张性裂缝渗流特征研究

为深入了解张性裂缝结构中流体渗流特征,采用物理实验和数值模拟相结合的方法,系统研究流体在页岩张性裂缝中的渗流特征。将Barnett页岩岩心劈裂成张性裂缝,并采集裂缝面数据,将其作为物理模型,同时采用LBM-BKG方法 D3Q19模型研究流体在张性裂缝中的流动。研究尺度依次为整体、截面、截线、离散单元体,考察各尺度下渗流场特征参数分布,并分析原因。研究表明:整体上,沿渗流横向和纵向上压力均呈线性分布,横向各截线上压力呈波动式线性分布,纵向截线上压力分布呈非线性;缝面端部局部区域会产生回流区,回流区与粗糙性及粗糙性变化程度有关;近平均速度的速度等值面间基本呈平行分布,速度较大时,等值面基本对应于端面相对平缓的区域;沿同一流线,渗流速度略有差别;整体渗流为稳态,不代表渗流场各处速度相等,离散的渗流单元体的渗流速度各不相同;三维粗糙性造成了渗流速度的三维分布,但主要以渗流方向和垂向上渗流速度为主。该项研究对深入理解页岩等裂缝发育储层的裂缝系统渗流具有重要意义。

The effects of land consolidation on the ecological connectivity based on ecosystem service value： A case study of Da＇an land consolidation project in Jilin province

Land consolidation has a profound impact on landscape patterns and ecological functions at various scales through engineering and biological measures. In recent years, China invests more than 100 billion RMB yuan on land consolidation each year. To under- stand how land consolidation affects landscape patterns and ecosystems, we investigated the ecosystem service value and the ecological connectivity in a consolidated area of Da＇an city from 2008 to 2014 using a revised ecological connectivity index. The results indicated that land consolidation has certain negative influences on the ecosystem services in this area. The total ecosystem service value will decrease by nearly 30% in the late stage of consolida- tion. This decrease is caused by the loss of ecosystem service of the wetland and grassland, despite a sensible increase of cultivated land. In addition, land consolidation could change the ecological connectivity as well as the land use structure. Up to 85% of the entire area will be in low connectivity in the late stage of consolidation, representing a 6.23% increase in the total coverage compared to pre-consolidation. Finally, the different connectivity landscape and their key areas can be identified by the revised ecological connectivity index effectively. This study is helpful to trace out the relationships between landscape pattern and ecological process, and provides insights for ecological planning and designing of land consolidation in this area. We suggest that more attentions should be paid to improve the quality and eco- system service value per unit area of the landscape, to establish ecological compensation mechanism of wetland losses, and to create the ecological corridors along the least accu- mulated impendence surface in the key areas during land consolidation.

Confinement and antenna effect for ultrasmall Y_(2)O_(3):Eu^(3+) nanocrystals supported by MOF with enhanced near-UV light absorption thereby enhanced luminescence and excellently multifunctional applications

A novel host-guest luminous system with enhanced near-UV light absorption thereby enhanced luminescence are designed based on the synergism of quantum confinement,spatial confinement,and antenna effect,where ultrasmall Y_(2)O_(3):Eu^(3+)nanocrystals are fixed inside MOF(Eu/Y-BTC)as supporting structure.The Eu/Y-BTC not only limits the size and leads to lattice distortion of Y_(2)O_(3):Eu^(3+)nanocrystals and controls the distance between nanocrystals,but also promotes the light absorption and emission.The significantly red-shifted and broadened charge transfer band of Y_(2)O_(3):Eu^(3+)/(Eu/Y-BTC)leads to the excellent applications of Y_(2)O_(3):Eu^(3+)in white light-emitting diodes(LEDs).Our results show that white light with superior color quality(CRI>90)and extremely high luminous efficacy(an LER of 335 lm/W)could be achieved using Y_(2)O_(3):Eu^(3+)/(Eu/Y-BTC)as red phosphor.The Y_(2)O_(3):Eu^(3+)/(Eu/Y-BTC)also improves the photoelectric performance of dye-sensitized solar cells(DSSCs),not only because Y_(2)O_(3):Eu^(3+)/(Eu/Y-BTC)has a large specific surface area and the adsorption amount of the dye is increased,but also because the valence band position of Y_(2)O_(3):Eu^(3+)/(Eu/Y-BTC)is 2.41 eV,which can provide an additional energy level between the TiO2 and dye,promoting electron transfer.For these advantageous features,the multifunctional Y_(2)O_(3):Eu^(3+)/(Eu/Y-BTC)composite product will open new avenues in white LEDs and DSSCs.

剪切滑移裂缝中流体渗流的Lattice Boltzmann模拟研究

针对目前学界有关剪切滑移作用对裂缝中流体渗流研究较少的情况,分析现有研究方法的缺陷,改进现有的研究模型,以固定研究目标尺寸为基础,引入Lattice Boltzmann方法,研究流体在剪切滑移结构中的渗流,并考察非匹配性和接触面积对流体渗流的影响。结果表明:随机二维剖面线可拆分为V型、正弦和凹槽等基本单元体;在基本单元体、二维剖面线中,裂缝面的滑移造成渗流方向上开度分布的非均匀性,渗透率呈现数量级的减小;非匹配情况下的裂缝渗透率比匹配情况下的低,随滑移距离的增加,流体渗流能力均呈先下降后上升趋势;三维裂缝结构的渗透率随滑移距离的增加总体呈下降趋势,下降幅度比基本单元体和二维剖面线结构要低;裂缝面产生剪切滑移时,结构间的非匹配性造成流体渗流轨迹呈三维迂曲性;剪切滑移所造成的非匹配性及接触面积,均对渗流能力有负面作用,但非匹配性可以对裂缝结构起到一定的自支撑作用。

Active Learning Improves Nursing Student Clinical Performance in an Academic Institution in Macao

Objective： To assess the outcome of the application of active learning during practicum among nursing students using clinical assessment and evaluation scores as a measurement. Methods： Nursing students were instructed on the basics of active learning prior to the initiation of their clinical experience. The participants were divided into 5groups of nursing students （ n = 56） across three levels （years 2-4） in a public academic institute of a bachelor degree program in Macao. Final clinical evaluation was averaged and compared between groups with and without intervention. Results： These nursing students were given higher appraisals in verbal and written comments than previous students without interventian. The groups with the invention achieved higher clinical assessment and evaluation scores on average than comparable groups without the active learning intervention. One group of sophomore nursing students （year 2） did not receive as high of evaluations as the other groups, receiving an average score of above 80. Conclusions＂ Nursing students must engage in active learning to demonstrate that they are willing to gain knowledge of theory, nursing skills and communication skills during the clinical practicum.