湘南铜山岭铜铅锌矿床闪锌矿矿物化学特征及其成矿指示意义

为探讨湘南铜山岭铜铅锌矿床的形成过程,本文对不同类型矿石中的闪锌矿开展了电子探针成分分析。结果表明,Fe主要通过直接置换Zn的方式进入闪锌矿,Cd可能通过与Fe耦合置换Zn的方式(Cd^(2+)+Fe^(2+)←→2Zn^(2+))进入闪锌矿,含铜矿石的闪锌矿中可能含有亚显微级黄铜矿包裹体。闪锌矿的Fe、Cd含量和Fe/Zn、Zn/Cd值的变化指示近端内矽卡岩、近端外矽卡岩和远端矽卡岩矿体依次形成,铜硫化物-石英脉、铜铅锌硫化物-石英脉和铅锌硫化物-石英脉矿体依次形成,碳酸盐交代型矿体形成较晚。结合矿床地质和闪锌矿矿物学特征,本文认为铜山岭铜铅锌矿床可能存在两期流体出溶,早期出溶温度较高的含Cu、Pb、Zn流体,引起近端内矽卡岩、近端外矽卡岩、远端矽卡岩、铜硫化物-石英脉和铜铅锌硫化物-石英脉矿化;晚期出溶温度较低的含Pb、Zn流体,导致铅锌硫化物-石英脉型和碳酸盐交代型矿化。

泥河湾盆地下马碑遗址2013年发掘简报

下马碑遗址位于广义泥河湾盆地南部的蔚县盆地中东部,是坐落于壶流河二级阶地上的一处旷野遗址。2013年,河北省文物考古研究院对该遗址进行了考古发掘,揭露出丰富的遗物和遗迹现象;2018年起,国内外多家单位共同完成了遗址地层年代、埋藏过程、古环境和出土文化遗存的系统性多学科研究工作。该遗址发掘揭露面积12 m^(2),地层剖面深度约为290 cm,自上而下分为7个地层单位,其中第6层为原地埋藏的主文化层,基于光释光与^(14)C测年并经贝叶斯模型计算为距今4.1~3.9万年。本文对下马碑第6层出土的各类遗物与遗迹进行系统报道,主要包括382件石制品、445件动物化石碎片、1件骨器和1套赭石颜料加工遗存,以及1处火塘。该遗址的发现与研究再现了距今4万年前东亚早期现代人加工、使用赭石颜料和复合工具的生活图景,更新了国际学术界对东亚早期现代人行为适应的认识。

原位表面改性的纳米WC/AlSi10Mg合金增强机制

采用静电自组装工艺合成-系列不同纳米WC含量的表面改性Al Si10Mg粉末,并使用激光选区熔化(SLM)技术制备纳米WC/AlSi10Mg复合材料。结果表明,SLM制备的纳米WC/AlSi10Mg材料中形成多种Al-W金属间化合物相,通过(002)(α(Al))//(104)Al_(5)W的取向关系,证实具有4.7%的低晶格失配度的Al/Al5W可形成良好共格界面。纳米WC颗粒和Al-W相可促使柱状晶转变为等轴晶,获得精细的等轴晶组织。同时,SLM制备的3%(质量分数)纳米WC/Al Si10Mg复合材料具有最优的力学性能,抗拉强度为(464.1±8.68) MPa,伸长率为(5.6±0.95)%。此外,与其他WC/AlSi10Mg复合材料相比,SLM制备的3%WC/AlSi10Mg样品的平均摩擦因数和磨损率最低,分别为0.429和3.842×10^(-5)mm^(3)/(N·m)。力学和磨损性能的提升主要归因于晶粒细化和第二相析出强化作用。

Exploring impedance spectrum for lithium-ion batteries diagnosis and prognosis:A comprehensive review

Lithium-ion batteries have extensive usage in various energy storage needs,owing to their notable benefits of high energy density and long lifespan.The monitoring of battery states and failure identification are indispensable for guaranteeing the secure and optimal functionality of the batteries.The impedance spectrum has garnered growing interest due to its ability to provide a valuable understanding of material characteristics and electrochemical processes.To inspire further progress in the investigation and application of the battery impedance spectrum,this paper provides a comprehensive review of the determination and utilization of the impedance spectrum.The sources of impedance inaccuracies are systematically analyzed in terms of frequency response characteristics.The applicability of utilizing diverse impedance features for the diagnosis and prognosis of batteries is further elaborated.Finally,challenges and prospects for future research are discussed.

Probabilistic analysis of tunnel face seismic stability in layered rock masses using Polynomial Chaos Kriging metamodel

Face stability is an essential issue in tunnel design and construction.Layered rock masses are typical and ubiquitous;uncertainties in rock properties always exist.In view of this,a comprehensive method,which combines the Upper bound Limit analysis of Tunnel face stability,the Polynomial Chaos Kriging,the Monte-Carlo Simulation and Analysis of Covariance method(ULT-PCK-MA),is proposed to investigate the seismic stability of tunnel faces.A two-dimensional analytical model of ULT is developed to evaluate the virtual support force based on the upper bound limit analysis.An efficient probabilistic analysis method PCK-MA based on the adaptive Polynomial Chaos Kriging metamodel is then implemented to investigate the parameter uncertainty effects.Ten input parameters,including geological strength indices,uniaxial compressive strengths and constants for three rock formations,and the horizontal seismic coefficients,are treated as random variables.The effects of these parameter uncertainties on the failure probability and sensitivity indices are discussed.In addition,the effects of weak layer position,the middle layer thickness and quality,the tunnel diameter,the parameters correlation,and the seismic loadings are investigated,respectively.The results show that the layer distributions significantly influence the tunnel face probabilistic stability,particularly when the weak rock is present in the bottom layer.The efficiency of the proposed ULT-PCK-MA is validated,which is expected to facilitate the engineering design and construction.

基于脂质生物标志物评估河道型水库表层沉积物有机质来源

水电开发导致河岸生境破碎化程度加剧和水库沉积物截留问题日益突出,而目前关于河道型水库有机质(OM)溯源及分布特征的研究较少,进而造成OM在水库复杂环境介质中迁移机理尚不清楚。本研究将脂质生物标志物分析方法应用于大渡河瀑布沟水库表层沉积物,经过气相色谱-质谱法对沉积物OM脂质组分进行了分析,将其量化并分为自然、成岩、热源和污水标志物4种来源。结果表明:OM平均含量坝前(10.7%±4.8%)>坝后(7.3%±0.9%)>库中(6.7%±1.8%),说明水库对沉积物OM的截留有显著影响。可提取脂质组分主要来源于自然标志物(45.9%±13.9%),碳偏好指数、陆源/水生比和陆生与水生植物输入比显示OM主要来源于陆生高等植物,占自然定量分子的70.5%±9.1%。此外,坝前汉源城镇下游D6和D7点位人为标志物(44.6%±25.1%)分子明显比自然标志物(24.2%±3.7%)含量高,并进一步通过比例研究强调了污水标志物的贡献率较为突出(31.6%±12.8%),这与该地住宅区生活污水处理设施覆盖率较低相关,表明OM污染源组成变化与水库滞留效应的耦合作用有关。

临夏盆地中新世一可能的新犬熊

报道了甘肃临夏盆地具体产地未知的一件犬熊下颌。该下颌展现出进步的牙齿特征,与过去发现于欧洲以及南亚的马德里犬熊Magericyon近似。这件犬熊化石指示东亚的犬熊多样性比以往认知的更高,但还需要更多具有明确层位信息的犬熊化石来进一步揭示东亚犬熊的演化。

Systematic review of risk factors,prognosis,and management of colorectal signet-ring cell carcinoma

BACKGROUND Colorectal signet-ring cell carcinoma(CSRCC)is a rare clinical entity which accounts for approximately 1%of all colorectal cancers.Although multiple studies concerning this specific topic have been published in the past decades,the pathogenesis,associated risk factors,and potential implications on treatment are still poorly understood.Besides the low incidence,historically confusing histological criteria have resulted in confusing data.Nevertheless,the rising incidence of CSRCC along with relatively young age at presentation and associated dismal prognosis,highlight the actual interest to synthesize the known literature regarding CSRCC.AIM To provide an updated overview of risk factors,prognosis,and management of CSRCC.METHODS A literature search in the MEDLINE/PubMed database was conducted with the following search terms used:‘Signet ring cell carcinoma’and‘colorectal’.Studies in English language,published after January 1980,were included.Studies included in the qualitative synthesis were evaluated for content concerning epidemiology,risk factors,and clinical,diagnostic,histological,and molecular features,as well as metastatic pattern and therapeutic management.If possible,presented data was extracted in order to present a more detailed overview of the literature.RESULTS In total,67 articles were included for qualitative analysis,of which 54 were eligible for detailed data extraction.CSRCC has a reported incidence between 0.1%-2.4%and frequently presents with advanced disease stage at the time of diagnosis.CSRCC is associated with an impaired overall survival(5-year OS:0%-46%)and a worse stagecorrected outcome compared to mucinous and not otherwise specified adenocarcinoma.The systematic use of exploratory laparoscopy to determine the presence of peritoneal metastases has been advised.Surgery is the mainstay of treatment,although the rates of curative resection in CSRCC(21%-82%)are lower compared to those in other histological types.In case of peritoneal metastasis,cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy should only be proposed in selected patients.CONCLUSION CSRCC is a rare clinical entity most often characterized by young age and advanced disease at presentation.As such,diagnostic modalities and therapeutic approach should be tailored accordingly.

印度Haritalyangar地区晚中新世猪类化石新材料

描述了印度北部比拉斯布尔区喜马偕尔邦Haritalyangar地区中西瓦利克的猪类化石上、下颌及牙齿材料。Haritalyangar地区以晚中新世动物群、古人类和其他灵长类动物的多样性而闻名。研究材料为作者之一(ARS)在该地区多次野外季采集的猪类化石;猪类化石地点和最近报道的长鼻类化石地点(含古猿化石地点)均被绘制在地图上。这些化石地点广泛分布于Makkan Khad到Sir Khad区域内的“Lower Alternations”层和“Upper Alternations”层。猪类化石被鉴定为3个属:原河猪属Propotamochoerus(P.hysudricus)、河马齿河猪属Hippopotamodon(H.sivalense)和云南猪属Yunnanochoerus(Y.dangari)。Propotamochoerus hysudricus为中西瓦利克最常见的化石猪类,新发现的Yunnanochoerus dangari进一步证明这种古猪类化石仅在Haritalyangar地区有少量遗存。Haritalyangar地区新发现的猪类化石组成与巴基斯坦的Nagri动物群相近。基于猪类化石进行的Potwar高原年代地层学对比表明,Haritalyangar地区的“Lower Alternations”层的年龄范围为~10–9 Ma,与最新的磁极性地层学年代范围很接近。

Physical design and recent experimental results of the new ICRF antenna on EAST

Two new ICRF antennas operating in the ion cyclotron radio frequency(ICRF) range have been developed for EAST to overcome the low coupling problem of the original antennas.The original ICRF antennas were limited in their power capacity due to insufficient coupling.The new antenna design takes into account both wave coupling and absorption processes through comprehensive wave coupling and absorption codes,with the dominant parallel wave number k∥of 7.5 m-1at dipole phasing.Through the use of these new ICRF antennas,we are able to achieve 3.8 MW output power and 360 s operation,respectively.The initial experimental results demonstrate the reliability of the antenna design method.

An ethically guided preclinical device for phenotyping H_(2)production in laboratory rodents

Background:Dihydrogen(H_(2))is produced endogenously by the intestinal microbiota through the fermentation of diet carbohydrates.Over the past few years,numer-ous studies have demonstrated the significant therapeutic potential of H_(2)in various pathophysiological contexts,making the characterization of its production in labora-tory species of major preclinical importance.Methods:This study proposes an innovative solution to accurately monitor H_(2)pro-duction in free-moving rodents while respecting animal welfare standards.The devel-oped device consisted of a wire rodent cage placed inside an airtight chamber in which the air quality was maintained,and the H_(2)concentration was continuously analyzed.After the airtightness and efficiency of the systems used to control and maintain air quality in the chamber were checked,tests were carried out on rats and mice with different metabolic phenotypes,over 12 min to 1-h experiments and repeatedly.H_(2)production rates(HPR)were obtained using an easy calculation algorithm based on a first-order moving average.Results:HPR in hyperphagic Zucker rats was found to be twice as high as in control Wistar rats,respectively,2.64 and 1.27 nmol.s^(−1)per animal.In addition,the ingestion of inulin,a dietary fiber,stimulated H_(2)production in mice.HPRs were 0.46 nmol.s^(−1)for animals under control diet and 1.99 nmol.s^(−1)for animals under inulin diet.Conclusions:The proposed device coupled with our algorithm enables fine analysis of the metabolic phenotype of laboratory rats or mice with regard to their endogenous H_(2)production.

Farm buildings and agri-food transitions in Southern France:Mapping dynamics using a stakeholder-based diagnosis

This study's goal is to present a dynamic portrait of the farm-buildings environment in Occitania,in Southern France,in order to better identify the transitions underway in agri-food chains.To this end,we undertook a ter-ritorial diagnosis based on actor statements,using 28 semi-structured interviews across Occitania.This diagnosis was enriched by graphic modelling,which enabled the spatialization of the dynamics described.We show that the process of standardisation of farm buildings prevails in the majority of the territories studied.This phenomenon has intensified in recent years with the development of vast photovoltaic-roofed sheds,accentuating the farm-land conversion and soil sealing.At the same time,in areas with strong environmental,landscape and heritage contexts,a'new adventure in farm buildings'(2022 survey)is taking shape.It is primarily driven by local short food chains,which rely on self-construction,repurposing and refurbishment,the sharing of tools and equipment,and which favour the use and reuse of local resources.This study shows that farm-buildings dynamics crystallise many challenges confronting the reterritorialisation of agriculture and food production.

What If the Protection against Oxidation of Chromia-Forming Alloys Was Not Always Due to the Chromia Layer?

Chromia-forming alloys have good resistance to oxidizing agents such as O2, CO2, … It is accepted that the protection of these alloys is always due to the chromia layer formed at the surface of the alloys, which acts as a barrier between the oxidizing gases and the alloy substrates, forming a diffusion zone that limits the overall reaction rate and leads to parabolic kinetics. But this was not verified in the study devoted to Inconel®625 the oxidation in CO2 that was followed by TGA, with characterizations by XRD, EDS and FIB microscopy. Contrary to what was expected and accepted in similar studies on other chromia-forming alloys, it was shown that the diffusion step that governs the overall reaction rate is not located inside the chromia layer but inside the alloy, precisely inside a zone just beneath the interface alloy/chromia, this zone being depleted in chromium. The chromia layer, therefore, plays no kinetic role and does not directly protect the underlying alloy. This result was demonstrated using a simple test that consisted in removing the chromia layer from the surface of samples partially oxidized and then to continue the thermal treatment: insofar as the kinetics continued without any change in rate, this proved that this surface layer of oxide did not protect the substrate. Based on previous work on many chromia-forming alloys, the possibility of a similar reaction mechanism is discussed. If the chromia layer is not the source of protection for a number of chromia-forming alloys, as is suspected, this might have major consequences in terms of industrial applications.

Life cycle assessment as a prospective tool for sustainable agriculture and food planning at a local level

Owing to the far-reaching environmental consequences of agriculture and food systems,such as their contribution to climate change,there is an urgent need to reduce their impact.International and national governments set sustainability targets and implement corresponding measures.Nevertheless,critics of the globalized system claim that a territorial administrative scale is better suited to address sustainability issues.Yet,at the subnational level,local authorities rarely apply a systemic environmental assessment to enhance their action plans.This paper employs a territorial life cycle assessment methodology to improve local environmental agri-food planning.The objective is to identify significant direct and indirect environmental hotspots,their origins,and formulate effective mitigation strategies.The methodology is applied to the administrative department of Finistere,a strategic agricultural region in North-Western France.Multiple environmental criteria including climate change,fossil resource scarcity,toxicity,and land use are modeled.The findings reveal that the primary environmental hotspots of the studied local food system arise from indirect sources,such as livestock feed or diesel consumption.Livestock reduction and organic farming conversion emerge as the most environmentally efficient strategies,resulting in a 25%decrease in the climate change indicator.However,the overall modeled impact reduction is insufficient following national objectives and remains limited for the land use indicator.These results highlight the innovative application of life cycle assessment led at a local level,offering insights for the further advancement of systematic and prospective local agri-food assessment.Additionally,they provide guidance for local authorities to enhance the sustainability of planning strategies.

多孔灰岩局部化变形的精细化描述与数字表征

压实带是一种典型的应变局部化现象,影响储层流体的封存、输运以及地下岩体的稳定性。多孔灰岩局部化变形的相关研究一直是难点,不像砂岩样品可以通过明显的声发射信号特征来分析与表征压实带的形成与演化规律。本文利用动态CT技术,实时监测灰岩局部化变形到宏观失稳的演化过程,重点描述压实带形成初期的局部化变形特征,涵盖了应变量>5%的变形部分特征。在灰岩变形过程中可以识别两处明显非弹性变形阶段:即初始大孔隙坍塌阶段和后续压实带形成过程,利用图像体积互相关技术定量表征压实带的演化特征,精细化描述压实带形成过程的微观破裂特征,系统分析离散压实带内的连通孔隙分布规律,发现连通孔隙与局部化变形有紧密联系,并基于CT扫描的孔隙网络数据,利用纳维斯特斯方程计算绝对渗透率,以渗透率为参考指标,研究局部化变形引起的损伤程度。

Diatom and Diatomite: Different Focus on Natural Media to Material Science Path

Bio-silica issued from diatom, a microalgae, is attracted increasing attention in material science thanks to its peculiar nanoarchitecture and related properties with versatile applications. The present work is a deep analysis on morphological and chemical properties of bio-silica issued from fossil origin (diatomaceous earth) and living one (algal paste). An optimization in purification protocol was performed to obtain multiparous bio-silica from its raw media with keeping its original shape entirely. Multiple characterization methods as scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), infrared spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction (DRX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), nitrogen adsorption and inverse gas chromatography (IGC), were used to check the purification protocol efficiency as well as to gather accurate information on morphology and chemical composition of diatom material obtained in large amount.

Central role of altered phosphodiesterase 2-dependent signaling in the pathophysiology of cognition-based brain disorders

The second messengers 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP)and 3',5'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate(cGMP)modulate molecular pathways that are involved in a large variety of cellular processes.In the brain,these processes include neurogenesis,neuronal differentiation,activation and function of microglia,and synaptic plasticity,finally resulting in memory formation.

A Set of Almost Automorphic Functions and Applications

For a set S of real numbers, we introduce the concept of S-almost automorphic functions valued in a Banach space. It generalizes in particular the space of Z-almost automorphic functions. Considering the space of S-almost automorphic functions, we give sufficient conditions of the existence and uniqueness of almost automorphic solutions of a differential equation with a piecewise constant argument of generalized type. This is done using the Banach fixed point theorem.

Modeling the Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Local Context for a Contextualized Diffusion of Agroecological Intensification Options in Niger

Spatio-temporal variability and dynamics in Sahelian agro-pastoral zones make each local situation a special case. These specificities must be considered to guide the dissemination of agricultural options with a view to sustainable development. The territorial scale of municipalities is not sufficient for this necessary contextualization;the scale of the “village terroir” seems to be a better option. This is the hypothesis we put forward in the framework of the Global Collaboration for Resilient Food Systems program (CRFS), i.e. local context is spatially defined by village terroir. The study is based on data collected through participatory mapping and surveys in “village terroirs” in three regions of Niger (Maradi, Dosso and Tillabéri). Then the links between farm managers and their cultivated land, as well as the spatio-temporal dynamics of local context are analyzed. This study provides evidence of the existence and functional usefulness of the village terroir for farmers, their land management and their activities. It demonstrates the usefulness of contextualizing agricultural options at this scale. Their analysis elucidates the links between “terroirs village” and the specific functioning of the agrosocio-ecosystems acting on each of them, thus laying the systemic and geographical foundations for a model of the spatio- temporal dynamics of “village terroirs”. This initial work has opened up new perspectives in modeling and sustainable development.

The Sword of Damocles behind the Curtain of the Earth’s Global Warming: A Review

The “mainstream” climatology (MSC)—i.e. which includes the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) community—considers the present day massive release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere as the main cause of the current global warming trend. The main inference from this stance is that the increase in temperature must occur after the release of greenhouse gases originating from the anthropic activities. However, no scientific evidence has been provided for this basic notion. Earth paleoclimatic records document the antecedence of temperature over CO2 levels. For the past 65 Ma, the temperature parameter has controlled the subsequent increase in CO2. This includes the three rapid aberrant shifts and extreme climate transients at 55 Ma, 34 Ma, and 23 Ma REF _Ref159913672 \r \h \* MERGEFORMAT [1]. The simple fact of their existence points to the potential for highly nonlinear responses in climate forcing. Whatever these shifts and transients are, CO2 remains a second order parameter in their evolution through time. Confronted with the past, a suitable response must therefore be given to the unresolved question of whether the CO2 trends precede the temperature trends in the current period, or not. The assertion that the current global warming is anthropogenic in origin implicitly presupposes a change of paradigm, with the consequence (the increase in CO2 levels) that occurred in Earth’s past being positioned as the cause of the warming for its present day climatic evolution. The compulsory assumption regarding the antecedence of CO2 levels over the temperature trends is associated with the haziness of the methodological framework—i.e. the paradigm—and tightens the research fields on the likely origins of global warming. The possible involvement of an “aberrant” natural event, hidden behind the massive release of greenhouse gases, has not been considered by the MSC.