Research on the Eco-Geochemical Effects of Black Shales in Pingli County, Shaanxi

This paper presents the results of eco-geochemical research on black rock series enriched in metallic elements in Pingli County, Shaanxi Province, which lies at the northern margin of the Yangtze Platform. There is a suite of bone coal-bearing black carbonaceous rocks in the Cambrian Donghe Formation throughout the region. Soils in Pingli contain high metallic elements derived from the bone coal and carbonaceous rocks. Edible plants growing in the soils contain high Se, Cu and Mo. Two case studies are documented. One is a black shale area with bone coal and Se enrichment, and the other is a black shale area with bone coal mine and copper mineralization. Eco-geochemical effects of metallic element-rich black shales on plants are reported in this paper.

Landscape Design of East Dukang Road in Baishui County of Shaanxi Province Based on Regional Cultures

Components of urban road landscapes and regional cultures in the urban road landscape designs were analyzed. In view of the crisis that cities are confronting with, that is, lack of regional cultural features, landscape design for East Dukang Road in Baishui County, Shaanxi Province was taken for example, cultural background of the county, general situation and design orientation of the project, guiding concepts, overall designs and nodal layouts were elaborated, so as to explore the reasonable utilization of regional cultures in urban road landscape designs. Moreover, regional cultures were taken as an important foundation for landscape design, and its useful "genes" are available for creating road landscapes with features of regional cultures so as to demonstrate the individuality and characteristics of the city in a better way.

Dicke-Narrowing Spectroscopy of Doubly Dressed Electromagnetically Induced Transparency and Singly Dressed Four-Wave-Mixing in a Confined Atomic System

缩小 Dicke 效果由于从原子墙碰撞和原子的短暂行为的 de 激动的效果导致一个限制系统的慢原子的贡献在二倍地处理的电磁地导致的透明性和单身地处理的 four-wave-mixing 线两个都出现。电磁地导致的透明性的高分辨率光谱学的一个柔韧的配方由二块地和与冷原子可比较的 four-wave-mixing 线穿衣在在实验的一个薄蒸汽房间是可完成的。[从作者抽象]

An optimized fitting function with least square approximation in InAs/AlSb HFET small-signal model for characterizing the frequency dependency of impact ionization effect

An enhanced small-signal model is introduced to model the influence of the impact ionization effect on the performance of In As/Al Sb HFET, in which an optimized fitting function D（ωτi） in the form of least square approximation is proposed in order to further enhance the accuracy in modeling the frequency dependency of the impact ionization effect.The enhanced model with D（ωτi） can accurately characterize the key S parameters of In As/Al Sb HFET in a wide frequency range with a very low error function EF. It is demonstrated that the new fitting function D（ωτi） is helpful in further improving the modeling accuracy degree.

Expression of E. coli heat-labile enterotoxin B subunit in transgenic tobacco plants

Objective: To construct plant transformation vector containing Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin B subunit(LT-B) gene and generate LT-B transgenic tobacco plants. Methods: The LT-B coding sequence was amplified from pMMB68 by PCR, subcloned into middle vector pUCmT and binary vector pBI121 to obtain plant expression vector pBI-LTB, in which LT-B expression was controlled under the Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter. The tobacco plants (Nicotiana tobacum L.Cuttivar Xanthi) were transformed by co-cultivating leaf discs method via Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404 harboring the plant expression vector. The regenerated transgenic tobacco plants were selected by kanamycin and confirmed by PCR, Southern blot, Western blot and ELISA. Results:LT-B gene integrated in the tobacco genomic DNA and were expressed in 9 strains of transgenic tobacco plants. The yield was varied from 3.36-10.56 ng/mg total soluble tobacco leaf protein. Conclusion: The plant binary expression vector pBI-LTB was constructed successfully, and transgenic LT-B tobacco plants was generated, and confirmed by Southern blot. The protein LT-B expressed by engineered plants was identified by Western blot analysis and had the expected molecular weight of LT-B pentamer protein. This result is an important step close to developing an edible vaccine and supplying a mucasal immunoajuvant, which will contribute to the prevention of mucosa-route evading pathogen.

The Cosmic Dusts in the Malan Loess Near Xi' an

The Quaternary loess deposits in the arid-semiarid area in northwestern China are composed of eolian sedimemts which are continuous in terms of sedimentation and have undergone little alternation after deposition.They provide an ideal place for the preservation of the extraterrestrial falls on the earth.The Late Pleistocene Malan loess is chosedn for our study of the preserved cosmic dusts.

The retrospect and prospect on environmental legal system research of Xi'an City

Xi'an City is an important city of western region, facing the mission of constructing international metropolitan. There are many environmental issues in the city, which should be solved by legal construction. Based on the environmental status of the city, the construction content of environmental legal system was analyzed, focusing on conflict resolution, and the corresponding ways of research were proposed.

Potential Role of Feldspathic Sandstone as a Natural Water Retaining Agent in Mu Us Sandy Land,Northwest China

This paper analyzed the water-retention mechanism of feldspathic sandstone(fine-(<1 mm diam.)and gravel-sized(2-3 cm diam.)in Mu Us Sandy Land,Northwest China.The objective of this study is to study the effect of feldspathic sandstone amendment on water retention in sandy land.The results showed that as the proportion of fine feldspathic sandstone in the sandy land soil increased,the soil texture changed from sand to silt loam,the capillary porosity gradually increased from 26.3%to 44.9%,and the soil saturated hydraulic conductivity decreased from 7.10 mm/min to 0.07 mm/min.Feldspathic sandstone gravel formed micro-reservoirs in the sandy land soil,playing the role of a′water absorbent′and′water retaining agent′in sandy land.Amendment with feldspathic sandstone can increase water retention in the arable layer of sandy land by 67%.This study provides a theoretical basis for the amelioration of sandy land on a large scale.It can be concluded that amendment with feldspathic sandstone can improve the physical properties of sandy land soil and increase soil water retention.

Analysis of variabilities of serum proteomic spectra in patients with gastric cancer before and after operation

瞄准：为了在手术前后与胃的癌症在病人学习浆液 proteomic 系列的可变性以便检测特定的蛋白质标记，那能被用于胃的癌症的快诊断。方法：从有在操作前后的胃的癌症的病人的 46 件浆液样品的 Proteomic 系列并且 40 被 IMAC-Cu 蛋白质薄片和飞行团分光术的提高表面的激光 desorption/ 电离时间从正常个人产生。结果：十四差别在浆液表示了蛋白质被外科手术前的病人和正常个人的 proteomic 系列的分析屏蔽。我们获得了 4 蛋白质(热吃惊蛋白质 27，调整葡萄糖的蛋白质，禁止在，蛋白质二硫化物异构酶 A3 ) 完成对班有能力的标记模式耐心队、正常队。这些标记模式分别地产出 95.7% 敏感和 92.5% 特性。在外科手术前的病人的浆液过去表示的蛋白质显然是下面调整的。结论：胃的癌症的特定的蛋白质标记能被用于胃的癌症的快诊断和预后的判断。SELDI-TOF-MS 是为在浆液的新蛋白质标记的察觉和鉴定的一个有用工具。

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt vs endoscopic therapy in preventing variceal rebleeding

AIM:To compare early use of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS) with endoscopic treatment(ET) for the prophylaxis of recurrent variceal bleeding.METHODS:In-patient data were collected from 190 patients between January 2007 and June 2010 who suffured from variceal bleeding.Patients who were older than 75 years;previously received surgical treatment or endoscopic therapy for variceal bleeding;and complicated with hepatic encephalopathy or hepatic cancer,were excluded from this research.Thirty-five cases lost to follow-up were also excluded.Retrospective analysis was done in 126 eligible cases.Among them,64 patients received TIPS(TIPS group) while 62 patients received endoscopic therapy(ET group).The relevant data were collected by patient review or telephone calls.The occurrence of rebleeding,hepatic encephalopathy or other complications,survival rateand cost of treatment were compared between the two groups.RESULTS:During the follow-up period(median,20.7 and 18.7 mo in TIPS and ET groups,respectively),rebleeding from any source occurred in 11 patients in the TIPS group as compared with 31 patients in the ET group(Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank test,P = 0.000).Rebleeding rates at any time point(6 wk,1 year and 2 year) in the TIPS group were lower than in the ET group(Bonferroni correction α' = α/3).Eight patients in the TIPS group and 16 in the ET group died with the cumulative survival rates of 80.6% and 64.9%(Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank test c2 = 4.864,P = 0.02),respectively.There was no significant difference between the two groups with respect to 6-wk survival rates(Bonferroni correction α' = α/3).However,significant differences were observed between the two groups in the 1-year survival rates(92% and 79%) and the 2-year survival rates(89% and 64.9%)(Bonferroni correction α' = α/3).No significant differences were observed between the two treatment groups in the occurrence of hepatic encephalopathy(12 patients in TIPS group and 5 in ET group,KaplanMeier analysis and log-rank test,c2 = 3.103,P = 0.08).The average total cost for the TIPS group was higher than for ET group(Wilcxon-Mann Whitney test,52 678 RMB vs 38 844 RMB,P < 0.05),but hospitalization frequency and hospital stay during follow-up period were lower(Wilcxon-Mann Whitney test,0.4 d vs 1.3 d,P = 0.01;5 d vs 19 d,P < 0.05).CONCLUSION:Early use of TIPS is more effective than endoscopic treatment in preventing variceal rebleeding and improving survival rate,and does not increase occurrence of hepatic encephalopathy.

Simulation of Non-isothermal Injection Molding for a Non-Newtonian Fluid by Level Set Method

A non-isothermal injection molding process for a non-Newtonian viscous pseudoplastic fluid is simulated.A conservative interface capturing technique and the flow field solving method are coupled to perform a dynamic simulation.The validity of the numerical method is verified by a benchmark problem.The melt interface evolution versus time is captured and the physical quantities such as temperature,velocity and pressure at each time step are obtained with corresponding analysis.A"frozen skin"layer with the thickness increasing versus time during the injection process is found.The fact that the"frozen skin"layer can be reduced by increasing the injection velocity is numerically verified.The fountain flow phenomenon near the melt interface is also captured.Moreover,comparisons with the non-isothermal Newtonian case show that the curvatures of the interface arcs and the pressure contours near the horizontal mid-line of the cavity for the non-Newtonian pseudoplastic case is larger than that for the Newtonian case.The velocity profiles are different at different positions for the non-Newtonian pseudoplastic case,while in the case of Newtonian flow the velocity profiles are parabolic and almost the same at different positions.

Prediction of earth rotation parameters based on improved weighted least squares and autoregressive model

In this paper, an improved weighted least squares （WLS）, together with autoregressive （AR） model, is proposed to improve prediction accuracy of earth rotation parameters（ERP）. Four weighting schemes are developed and the optimal power e for determination of the weight elements is studied. The results show that the improved WLS-AR model can improve the ERP prediction accuracy effectively, and for different prediction intervals of ERP, different weight scheme should be chosen.

An efficient multipaction suppression method in microwave components for space application

Multipaction,caused by the secondary electron emission phenomenon,has been a challenge in space applications due to the resulting degradation of system performance as well as the reduction in the service life of high power components.In this paper we report a novel approach to realize an effective increase in the multipaction threshold by employing micro-porous surfaces.Two micro-porous structures,i.e.,a regular micro-porous array fabricated by photolithography pattern processing and an irregular micro-porous array fabricated by a direct chemical etching technique,are proposed for suppressing the secondary electron yield（SEY） and multipaction in components,and the benefits are validated both theoretically and experimentally.These surface processing technologies are compatible with the metal plating process,and offer substantial flexibility and accuracy in topology design.The suppression effect is quantified for the first time through the proper fitting of the surface morphology and the corresponding secondary emission properties.Insertion losses when using these structures decrease dramatically compared with regular millimeter-scale structures on high power dielectric windows.SEY tests on samples show that the maximum yield of Ag-plated samples is reduced from 2.17 to 1.58 for directly chemical etched samples.Multipaction testing of actual C-band impedance transformers shows that the discharge thresholds of the processed components increase from 2100 W to 5500 W for photolithography pattern processing and 7200 W for direct chemical etching,respectively.Insertion losses increase from 0.13 d B to only 0.15 d B for both surface treatments in the transmission band.The experimental results agree well with the simulation results,which offers great potential in the quantitative anti-multipaction design of high power microwave components for space applications.

Fast Algorithm for Nonsubsampled Contourlet Transform

多尺度的几何分析(MGA ) 为图象处理作为有效策略被认出了。作为 MGA 的分离工具之一， nonsubsampled contourlet 变换(NSCT ) 广泛地被使用了图象降噪，图象熔化，图象改进，特征抽取等等。然而，处理表演由于它的高冗余性被限制，并且导致集中的计算效率。因此，它的快算法在实践被需要。在这份报纸，我们采用一个优化方向性的过滤器银行(DFB ) 并且把它嵌进 NSCT 当使重建的表演的损失细微时，显著地加速计算速度。试验性的结果证明重建的图象质量能满足人的视觉系统。而且，改进 NSCT 有速度关于若干次比传统的的。图象降噪上的试验性的结果也验证建议方法的可行性和效率。

Explosive limits of mixed gases containing CH_4,CO and C_2H_4 in the goaf area

The explosive gases CO and C2H4, released mainly flammable gases during the process of coal self-ignition, are of the most important ingredients of the multi-component gases in goaf areas, along with CH4. We have determined some of the parameters of explosive properties of the one-component gases CH4, CO and C2H4 using an explosive trial device of polybasic explosive gas mixtures and emphasized particularly the effect on the limits of explosive concentration of the binary explosive mixed gases CH4+CO, CH4+C2H4, as a function of the amount of CO, C2H4 and inert flame resisting gases (N2, CO2). The experimental results show that the effect of inert gases on the explosive limits of mixed gases, given the property of explosive gas, is obvious: the inert gases (N2, CO2) possess some inhibitory effects on the explosion of the multi-component explosive gas mixtures. The results will provide some experimental support to suppress the occurrence of the gas explosions in goaf areas and provide some directions for designing explosion-proof electric equipment and fire arresters.

Chaotic phenomena in Josephson circuits coupled quantum cellular neural networks

In this paper the nonlinear dynamical behaviour of a quantum cellular neural network （QCNN） by coupling Josephson circuits was investigated and it was shown that the QCNN using only two of them can cause the onset of chaotic oscillation. The theoretical analysis and simulation for the two Josephson-circuits-coupled QCNN have been done by using the amplitude and phase as state variables. The complex chaotic behaviours can be observed and then proved by calculating Lyapunov exponents. The study provides valuable information about QCNNs for future application in high-parallel signal processing and novel chaotic generators.

Research on the self-defence electronic jamming decision-making based on the discrete dynamic Bayesian network

The manner and conditions of running the decision-making system with self-defense electronic jamming are given. After proposing the scenario of applying discrete dynamic Bayesian network to the decision making with self-defense electronic jamming, a decision-making model with self-defense electronic jamming based on the discrete dynamic Bayesian network is established. Then jamming decision inferences by the aid of the algorithm of discrete dynamic Bayesian network are carried on. The simulating result shows that this method is able to synthesize different targets which are not predominant. In this way, various features at the same time, as well as the same feature appearing at different time complement mutually; in addition, the accuracy and reliability of electronic jamming decision making are enhanced significantly.

Effects of fulvic acid and humic acid on aluminum speciation in drinking water

This article focused on the influences of fulvic acid and humic acid on aluminum speciation in drinking water. Factors including the concentration of residual chlorine and pH value had been concerned. Aluminum species investigated in the experiments included inorganic mononuclear, organic mononuclear, mononuclear, polymer, soluble, and suspended forms. It was found that the effects of fulvic acid and humic acid on aluminum speciation depended mainly on their molecular weight. Fulvic acid with molecular weight less than 5000 Dalton had little influence on aluminum speciation; while fulvic acid with molecular weight larger than 5000 Dalton and humic acid would increase the concentration of soluble aluminum significantly even at concentration below 0.5 mg/L （calculated as TOC）. Aluminum species, in the present of fulvic acid with molecular weight larger than 5000 Dalton and humic acid, were more stable than that in the present of fluvic acid with molecular mass less than 5000 Dalton, and varied little with reaction time. Within pH range 6.5-7.5, soluble aluminum increased notably in water with organic matter. As the concentration of residual chlorine increased, the effects of fulvic acid and humic acid became weak. The reactions between humic acid, fulvic acid with large molecular weight, and aluminum were considered to be a multi-dentate coordination process. With the consideration of aluminum bioavailability, reducing the concentration of fulvic acid and humic acid and keeping the pH value among 6.5-7.5 were recommended during drinking water treatment.

An evaluation of the diagnostic value of CA19-9 and CEA levels in patients with pancreatic cancer

Objective：The use of a combination of tumor markers may be an important tool in the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer, which is the key to improving prognosis. The study aim was to investigate the diagnostic value of carbohydrate antigen 19-9（CA 19-9） and carcinoembryonic antigen（CEA） levels in patients with pancreatic cancer. Methods：An immunoradiometric assay was used to homochronously measure the serum CA19-9 and CEA levels in 78 pancreatic cancer cases and 64 healthy examinees in hospital. The normal reference values were CA19- 9（0-39 U/ml） and CEA（0-3.4 ng/ml）. Results： Mean serum CA19-9 and CEA levels in patients with pancreatic cancer（406.55±60.18 U/ml, 12.43 ± 1.25 ng/ml） were significantly higher（P〈 0.01） than those in healthy examinees（16.54 ±1.95 U/ml, 2.37 ±0.17 ng/ml）. The sensitivity of the combined detection of CA 19-9 and CEA （92.31%） was significantly higher（P 〈 0.05） than that of either marker alone （79.49%, 71.79%, respectively）. In addition, the sensitivity to diagnose pancreatic cancer by detecting the serum CA19-9 and CEA levels was higher（P〈 0.05） in stage Ⅱ B ＋ Ⅲ＋ Ⅳ（87.04%, 79.23%） than stage Ⅰ ＋ Ⅱ A（62.50%, 54.17%）. Conclusion： The combined detection of CA19-9 and CEA could overcome the deficiency of using single marker detection by improving the sensitivity to diagnose pancreatic cancer. At the same time, CA19-9 and CEA detection could be used to assess mesenteric artery invasion and the metastasis of lymphatics and distant organs in pancreatic cancer.

RDX/HMX Effects on Combustion Performance of Boron-based Fuel-rich Propellant

RDX/HMX is often used as oxidizer in the propellant to improve the specific impulse and decrease the smoke and erosion of the rocket motor because of its higher specific volume and the lower combustion temperature [1-2].Boron-based fuel-rich propellant is believed to be the best energy source for the solid rocket ramjet because of the highest energy per unit volume among all the solid propellants[3-4].