谷子萌发期耐盐种质鉴定及应用

本研究利用不同浓度NaCl溶液对10份谷子(Setaria italica L.)种质进行处理,通过分析其萌发期的相对发芽势、相对发芽率、相对芽长以及相对根长等4项指标,明确了适于谷子萌发期耐盐性鉴定的NaCl浓度为180 mmol/L。在该浓度下,利用主成分分析和聚类分析等方法,对180份种质资源进行了耐盐性综合评价和等级划分。结果显示,除相对发芽率和相对芽长之间相关性不显著以外,其余指标之间均呈极显著正相关;主成分分析结果表明,这4项指标可作为谷子耐盐性评价的重要指标;聚类分析结果将180份谷子种质分为极端耐盐、耐盐、盐敏感和极端盐敏感4类;进一步采用隶属函数进行综合评价,筛选到硷谷、衡谷12、齐头白、K-3606和晋谷20等5份极端耐盐种质材料。最后,在该浓度处理下,对黑枝谷×长农35号(极端盐敏感×耐盐)F7代重组近交系遗传群体进行了初步分析,发现40份株系耐盐性等级频率分布近似正态分布,表明该群体适宜耐盐QTL挖掘。研究结果说明,在180 mmol/L NaCl处理下,通过谷子萌发期相对发芽势、相对发芽率、相对芽长和相对根长等4个指标能较好地区分不同种质耐盐性的差异。

聚苯胺-氮化硼纳米颗粒复合水性环氧涂层的制备与防腐性能研究

为了提升水性环氧涂层在高盐、高湿海洋环境中的防腐性能和耐久性能,在羟基化的六方氮化硼表面通过原位聚合生长聚苯胺(PANI)得到聚苯胺/氮化硼纳米颗粒(PBN),将PBN作为防腐填料来增强水性环氧涂层的防腐性能。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)和电子扫描电镜(SEM)对纳米颗粒的结构与微观形貌进行表征,采用电化学测试和中性盐雾试验(NSS)探究氮化硼、PANI改性水性环氧涂层和PBN添加量对水性环氧涂层的防腐性能的影响。结果表明:PANI在BN纳米片表面原位生长形成珊瑚状结构,向水性环氧涂层中添加0.50%(质量分数,下同)PBN后的粘结强度达到6.05 MPa,在3.5%NaCl溶液中浸泡120 h后的腐蚀电流密度(1.99×10^(-9) A/cm^(2))比纯环氧涂层(1.01×10^(-6) A/cm^(2))降低约3个数量级。这归因于添加的0.50%PBN能均匀分散在环氧树脂中,填补涂层的微小空隙并提升对腐蚀介质的阻隔作用,同时PANI具有缓蚀作用,二者协同提高纯环氧涂层的防腐性能。

谷子SiNADP-ME1基因的光响应模式

为探究谷子光合基因SiNADP-ME1(Seita.3G109300)对光照强度和光质的响应模式,本研究以豫谷1号为材料,采用反转录PCR(RT-PCR)克隆SiNADP-ME1的编码序列(CDS序列),利用MEGA软件构建多物种进化树,构建PCAMBIA1300-SiNADP-ME1-GFP载体,转化农杆菌,注射烟草进行亚细胞定位,利用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)研究其在不同光照强度、光质处理下的表达模式。结果表明,SiNADP-ME1全长CDS序列为1731 bp,共编码576个氨基酸,定位于内质网,与狗尾草中SvNADP-ME1(XP_034584220.1)亲缘关系最近。该基因在不同组织器官及不同生育期表达量存在显著差异,在灌浆期穗中表达量最高,同时响应不同光强和光质,在不同光照强度处理下,SiNADP-ME1的表达呈显著变化,在1200μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1)光照3 h表达量最高,是对照(正常光照,250μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1))的4.25倍;在不同光质处理下,受红光影响最大,红光下表达量是黑暗处理表达量的47.27倍,是白光处理表达量的2.69倍。本研究结果为深入探讨SiNADP-ME1基因的生物学功能提供了一定的参考依据。

基于InDel标记的谷子株高QTL定位

插入/缺失(InDel)标记在植物基因组中广泛分布,然而谷子中InDel标记的数量十分有限。为挖掘InDel位点和开发分子标记,本研究基于衡谷12号和长农35号的深度重测序结果,分析其单核苷酸多态性(SNP)、InDel和结构变异(SV)。利用JoinMap 4软件构建连锁遗传图谱,利用WinQTLCart 2.5软件定位株高数量性状位点(QTL),利用生物信息学、测序和实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)进行候选基因分析。研究表明,3种变异类型数量由多到少排序为SNP>InDel>SV;获得1392个在衡谷12号和长农35号中具有多态性的InDel标记,多态性率为35.14%,这些标记在谷子9条染色体上分布不均;获得一张包含467个InDel标记的谷子遗传连锁图谱,该图谱总图距448.45 cM,平均图距0.96 cM;利用F2群体定位了4个株高QTL(qPH5-1、qPH5-2、qPH9-1和qPH9-2),进一步利用重组自交系(RIL)群体对其中2个效应值较大的QTL(qPH5-1和qPH9-2)进行验证,结果重新检测到qPH9-2,似然比的自然对数(LOD)值为93.6,加性效应为-46.15,解释表型贡献率(PVE)达91.06%;Seita.9G080400在编码区存在2处非同义突变,且在茎中表达水平呈极显著差异,推测Seita.9G080400可能是控制株高的关键候选基因。本研究开发的InDel标记能够良好地应用于株高QTL定位,同时可为谷子种质资源鉴定、亲缘关系分析等研究提供一套好用的分子标记。

干旱胁迫诱导的花青素积累与谷子抗旱性增强的关系研究

为明确花青素积累与谷子(Setaria italica)响应干旱胁迫之间的关系,本研究通过对60个紫叶谷子品种的抗旱性进行鉴定,选取2个抗旱性强的品种和2个干旱敏感品种,分析干旱诱导的花青素积累与抗旱性强弱之间的关系。结果表明,两个抗旱谷子品种花青素含量在干旱胁迫下的上升幅度显著高于干旱敏感品种,与正常浇水相比,干旱胁迫10 d后,抗旱品种B85、B125的花青素含量分别增加56%、48%,干旱敏感品种B49、B51则分别增加31%、40%。抗旱品种的丙二醛积累量低于干旱敏感品种,与正常浇水相比,干旱胁迫10 d后,B85、B125的丙二醛含量分别增加7%、23%,B49、B51则分别增加63%、35%。抗旱品种的脯氨酸、可溶性糖积累量高于敏感品种,与正常浇水相比,干旱胁迫10 d后,B85和B125的脯氨酸含量分别提高487%和666%,可溶性糖含量分别提高164.4%和93.5%;B49和B51的脯氨酸含量分别提高445%和58%,可溶性糖含量分别提高6.5%和69.9%。与正常浇水相比,干旱胁迫5 d后抗旱品种B85、B125中的抗逆相关基因和花青素合成相关基因的表达量显著上调,而在干旱敏感品种B49、B51中呈下调趋势。综上,B85、B125为兼具高花青素含量及高抗旱性的种质资源。本研究结果为紫叶谷子资源的充分利用及谷子抗旱机制解析提供了理论依据。

Dealuminated Hβ zeolite for selective conversion of fructose to furfural and formic acid

The fructose-to-furfural transformation is facing major challenges in the selectivity and high efficiency. Herein, we have developed a simple and effective approach for the selective conversion of fructose to furfural using Hβ zeolite modified by organic acids for dealuminization to regulate its textural and acidic properties. It was found that citric acid-dealuminized Hβ zeolite possessed high specific surface areas, wide channels and high Brønsted acid amount, which facilitated the selective conversion of fructose to furfural with a maximum yield of 76.2% at433 K for 1 h in the γ-butyrolactone(GBL)-H_(2)O system, as well as the concomitant formation of 83.0% formic acid. The^(13)C-isotope labelling experiments and the mechanism revealed that the selective cleavage of C1–C2 or C5–C6 bond on fructose was firstly occurred to form pentose or C5 intermediate by weak Brønsted acid, which was then dehydrated to furfural by strong Brønsted acid. Also this dealuminized Hβ catalyst showed the great recycling performance and was active for the conversion of glucose and mannose.

张双楼矿24901工作面复合水害评价与综合防治水对策

矿井突水是煤矿生产过程中最具威胁的灾害之一,工作面回采前需对面临的水害威胁进行综合评价与治理。以张双楼煤矿24901工作面为例,针对研究区面临的西翼采区底板四灰高承压、断层及陷落柱构造发育、底板四灰富水差异大等水文地质问题,通过开展四灰含水层分阶段井下放水试验、老空水现场钻孔探放、陷落柱物探钻探综合探查、室内分析测试和理论分析,揭示研究区底板四灰岩溶发育与富水规律,查明老空水积水位置、积水量以及陷落柱发育范围、导(含)水性等,并提出了老空水、西翼底板四灰、陷落柱及断层构造等复合水害综合防治技术体系。相关研究成果揭示了东部矿区普遍面临的煤层底板灰岩水及构造水等水害特征,可为研究区及相似开采条件下矿井防治水工作提供一定的理论及工程依据。

世界银行B-ready评估体系中“纳税”指标的评析与应对

2023年,世界银行以B-ready评估指标全面取代营商环境评估指标,其“纳税”一级指标的内涵在继承营商环境评估指标的基础上,进行了较大幅度革新。为应对“税收政策法规的质量”“税收管理部门的服务水平”“实践中的纳税便利度”等二级指标的评估,我国要全面落实税收法定原则的要求,充分运用税收征管系统平台,强化数据共享与利用,修改税收征缴争议处理的“双重前置”程序,提升税收管理的服务水平与税收征管的效率。同时,要继续深化落实“减税降费”政策,采取多样化的税务举措助力纳税人纾困,并优化税收征管流程。

Biomimetic natural biomaterials for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine:new biosynthesis methods,recent advances,and emerging applications

Biomimetic materials have emerged as attractive and competitive alternatives for tissue engineering(TE)and regenerative medicine.In contrast to conventional biomaterials or synthetic materials,biomimetic scaffolds based on natural biomaterial can offer cells a broad spectrum of biochemical and biophysical cues that mimic the in vivo extracellular matrix(ECM).Additionally,such materials have mechanical adaptability,micro-structure interconnectivity,and inherent bioactivity,making them ideal for the design of living implants for specific applications in TE and regenerative medicine.This paper provides an overview for recent progress of biomimetic natural biomaterials(BNBMs),including advances in their preparation,functionality,potential applications and future challenges.We highlight recent advances in the fabrication of BNBMs and outline general strategies for functionalizing and tailoring the BNBMs with various biological and physicochemical characteristics of native ECM.Moreover,we offer an overview of recent key advances in the functionalization and applications of versatile BNBMs for TE applications.Finally,we conclude by offering our perspective on open challenges and future developments in this rapidly-evolving field.

Antigen epitopes of animal coronaviruses:a mini-review

Coronaviruses are widespread in nature and can infect mammals and poultry,making them a public health concern.Globally,prevention and control of emerging and re-emerging animal coronaviruses is a great challenge.The mecha-nisms of virus-mediated immune responses have important implications for research on virus prevention and control.The antigenic epitope is a chemical group capable of stimulating the production of antibodies or sensitized lympho-cytes,playing an important role in antiviral immune responses.Thus,it can shed light on the development of diagnos-tic methods and novel vaccines.Here,we have reviewed advances in animal coronavirus antigenic epitope research,aiming to provide a reference for the prevention and control of animal and human coronaviruses.

RGB-guided hyperspectral image super-resolution with deep progressive learning

Due to hardware limitations,existing hyperspectral(HS)camera often suffer from low spatial/temporal resolution.Recently,it has been prevalent to super-resolve a low reso-lution(LR)HS image into a high resolution(HR)HS image with a HR RGB(or mul-tispectral)image guidance.Previous approaches for this guided super-resolution task often model the intrinsic characteristic of the desired HR HS image using hand-crafted priors.Recently,researchers pay more attention to deep learning methods with direct supervised or unsupervised learning,which exploit deep prior only from training dataset or testing data.In this article,an efficient convolutional neural network-based method is presented to progressively super-resolve HS image with RGB image guidance.Specif-ically,a progressive HS image super-resolution network is proposed,which progressively super-resolve the LR HS image with pixel shuffled HR RGB image guidance.Then,the super-resolution network is progressively trained with supervised pre-training and un-supervised adaption,where supervised pre-training learns the general prior on training data and unsupervised adaptation generalises the general prior to specific prior for variant testing scenes.The proposed method can effectively exploit prior from training dataset and testing HS and RGB images with spectral-spatial constraint.It has a good general-isation capability,especially for blind HS image super-resolution.Comprehensive experimental results show that the proposed deep progressive learning method out-performs the existing state-of-the-art methods for HS image super-resolution in non-blind and blind cases.

Study on sex differences and potential clinical value of threedimensional computerized tomography pelvimetry in rectal cancer patients

BACKGROUND Laparoscopic rectal cancer radical surgery is a complex procedure affected by various factors.However,the existing literature lacks standardized parameters for the pelvic region and soft tissues,which hampers the establishment of consistent conclusions.AIM To comprehensively assess 16 pelvic and 7 soft tissue parameters through computerized tomography(CT)-based three-dimensional(3D)reconstruction,providing a strong theoretical basis to address challenges in laparoscopic rectal cancer radical surgery.METHODS We analyzed data from 218 patients who underwent radical laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer,and utilized CT data for 3D pelvic reconstruction.Specific anatomical points were carefully marked and measured using advanced 3D modeling software.To analyze the pelvic and soft tissue parameters,we emp-loyed statistical methods including paired sample t-tests,Wilcoxon rank-sum tests,and correlation analysis.RESULTS The investigation highlighted significant sex disparities in 14 pelvic bone parameters and 3 soft tissue parameters.Males demonstrated larger measurements in pelvic depth and overall curvature,smaller measurements in pelvic width,a larger mesorectal fat area,and a larger anterior-posterior abdominal diameter.By contrast,females exhibited wider pelvises,shallower depth,smaller overall curvature,and an increased amount of subcutaneous fat tissue.However,there were no significant sex differences observed in certain parameters such as sacral curvature height,superior pubococcygeal diameter,rectal area,visceral fat area,waist circumference,and transverse abdominal diameter.CONCLUSION The reconstruction of 3D CT data enabled accurate pelvic measurements,revealing significant sex differences in both pelvic and soft tissue parameters.This study design offer potential in predicting surgical difficulties and creating personalized surgical plans for male rectal cancer patients with a potentially“difficult pelvis”,ultimately improving surgical outcomes.Further research and utilization of these parameters could lead to enhanced surgical methods and patient care in laparoscopic rectal cancer radical surgery.

文化认同视域下广场舞健康发展路径探索

在文化认同的视域下,广场舞作为一种贴近民众生活、含有丰富民族特色的群众性文化体育活动,不仅锻炼了身体、丰富了社区文化,还在促进老年人社会交往和心理健康方面发挥了重要作用,探究其健康发展路径有助于推动这一文化现象的持续正能量影响。建立健康的广场舞发展机制,可以促进社会和谐稳定,提升民族文化的自信,进一步增强和拓展文化认同。通过规范、创新引导,广场舞能更好地融入现代社会发展的脉络,让传统与现代、健康与快乐、社区交流与文化传播在广场舞这一平台上得以和谐统一发展,使其成为中华文化多样性的生动体现,为构建和谐社会、推动文化传承与发展注入新的活力。

卫星激光雷达技术在地形测量与环境监测中的应用研究

随着森林资源的持续监测需求增长,高精度地形和冠层高度数据的获取显得尤为重要。文章利用高分七号(GF-7)卫星的激光雷达和摄影测量设备,探讨其在森林地形和树冠高度测量中的应用潜力。通过对普洱试验区的数据分析,研究发现,GF-7与ALS数据在地形高度测量上高度一致(RMSE为8.01m),并在低坡度条件下显示出林顶高度估算的良好一致性(R^(2)为0.84,RMSE为3.2m)。此外,通过立体图像生成的CHM在样地尺度上的R2值为0.88,RMSE为2.98m,显示出较高的精确性。这些发现预示着GF-7数据在森林资源环境监测中具有广泛的应用前景。

Phase engineering of Ni-Mn binary layered oxide cathodes for sodiumion batteries

Nickel-manganese binary layered oxides with high working potential and low cost are potential candidates for sodium-ion batteries,but their electrochemical properties are highly related to compositional diversity.Diverse composite materials with various phase structures of P3,P2/P3,P2,P2/O3,and P2/P3/O3 were synthesized by manipulating the sodium content and calcination conditions,leading to the construction of a synthetic phase diagram for Na_(x)Ni_(0.25)Mn_(0.75)O_(2)(0.45≤x≤1.1).Then,we compared the electrochemical characteristics and structural evolution during the desodiation/sodiation process of P2,P2/P3,P2/03,and P2/P3/O3-Na_(x)Ni_(0.25)Mn_(0.75)O_(2).Among them,P2/P3-Na0.75Ni0.25Mn0.75O2exhibits the best rate capability of 90.9 mA h g^(-1)at 5 C,with an initial discharge capacity of 142.62 mA h g^(-1)at 0.1 C and a capacity retention rate of 78.25%after 100 cycles at 1 C in the voltage range of 2-4.3 V.The observed superior sodium storage performance of P2/P3 hybrids compared to other composite phases can be attributed to the enhanced Na^(+)transfer dynamic,reduction of the Jahn-teller effect,and improved reaction reversibility induced by the synergistic effect of P2 and P3 phases.The systematic research and exploration of phases in Na_(x)Ni_(0.25)Mn_(0.75)O_(2)provide new sights into high-performance nickel-manganese binary layered oxide for sodium-ion batteries.

High-intensity spatial-mode steerable frequency up-converter toward on-chip integration

Integrated photonic devices are essential for on-chip optical communication,optical-electronic systems,and quantum information sciences.To develop a high-fidelity interface between photonics in various frequency domains without disturbing their quantum properties,nonlinear frequency conversion,typically steered with the quadratic(χ2)process,should be considered.Furthermore,another degree of freedom in steering the spatial modes during theχ2 process,with unprecedent mode intensity is proposed here by modulating the lithium niobate(LN)waveguide-based inter-mode quasi-phasematching conditions with both temperature and wavelength parameters.Under high incident light intensities(25 and 27.8 dBm for the pump and the signal lights,respectively),mode conversion at the sum-frequency wavelength with sufficient high output power(−7–8 dBm)among the TM01,TM10,and TM00 modes is realized automatically with characterized broad temperature(ΔT≥8°C)and wavelength windows(Δλ≥1 nm),avoiding the previous efforts in carefully preparing the signal or pump modes.The results prove that high-intensity spatial modes can be prepared at arbitrary transparent wavelength of theχ2 media toward on-chip integration,which facilitates the development of chip-based communication and quantum information systems because spatial correlations can be applied to generate hyperentangled states and provide additional robustness in quantum error correction with the extended Hilbert space.

Distribution of Microbiota in Fine Particulate Matter Particles in Guangzhou, China

Objective High PM2.5 concentration is the main feature of increasing haze in developing states,but information on its microbial composition remains very limited.This study aimed to determine the composition of microbiota in PM2.5 in Guangzhou,a city located in the tropics in China.Methods In Guangzhou,from March 5th to 10th,2016,PM2.5 was collected in middle volume air samplers for 23 h daily.The 16 S rDNA V4 region of the PM2.5 sample extracted DNA was investigated using high-throughput sequence.Results Among the Guangzhou samples,Proteobacteria,Bacteroidetes,Firmicutes,Cyanobacteria,and Actinobacteria were the dominant microbiota accounting for more than 90%of the total microbiota,and Stenotrophomonas was the dominant gram-negative bacteria,accounting for 21.30%–23.57%.We examined the difference in bacterial distribution of PM2.5 between Beijing and Guangzhou at the genus level;Stenotrophomonas was found in both studies,but Escherichia was only detected in Guangzhou.Conclusion In conclusion,the diversity and specificity of microbial components in Guangzhou PM2.5 were studied,which may provide a basis for future pathogenicity research in the tropics.

A Novel Next-Generation Sequencing Approach without Donor-Derived Material for Acute Rejection and Infection Monitoring in Solid Organ Transplantation

Background: Donor-derived cell free DNA (ddcf DNA) has been reported as a universal noninvasive biomarker for rejection monitoring in heart, kidney, liver, and lung transplantation. Current approaches based on next-generation sequencing for quantification of ddcf DNA, although promising, may be restricted by the requirement for donor material, as donor samples may not be available. Methods: We proposed a novel next-generation sequencing approach without donor-derived material and compared the non-donor-derived approach and the donor-derived approach using simulation testing and 69 clinical specimens. We also evaluated the performance for acute rejection and infection monitoring in lung transplantation. Results: The non-donor-derived approach reached similar efficacy as the donor-derived approach with a significant linear correlation of R2 = 0.98. Subsequent validation in clinical specimens demonstrated significant difference between the acute rejection group (4.83% ± 2.11%, mean ± SD) and the non-rejection group (1.61% ± 0.63%, mean ± SD) (P ’s t test). With the cut-off value of 2.999, our approach had 90.48% sensitivity (95% CI, 69.62% - 98.83%), 100% specificity (95% CI, 91.59% - 100%), and AUC 0.9266 (95% CI, 0.8277 - 1.026). The test also had the ability to simultaneously detect infectious agents, especially cytomegalovirus, as compared with the clinical test. Conclusion: The proposed approach without donor-derived material could potentially be used to monitor acute rejection and infection in lung transplantation and may be applied to other types of solid organ transplantation.

Enhanced Seasonal Predictability of Spring Soil Moisture over the Indo-China Peninsula for Eastern China Summer Precipitation under Non-ENSO Conditions

Seasonal prediction of summer precipitation over eastern China is closely linked to the East Asian monsoon circulation,which is largely affected by the El Niño-Southern Oscillation(ENSO).In this study,results show that spring soil moisture(SM)over the Indo-China peninsula(ICP)could be a reliable seasonal predictor for eastern China summer precipitation under non-ENSO conditions.When springtime SM anomalies are present over the ICP,they trigger a structured response in summertime precipitation over most of eastern China.The resultant south-to-north,tri-polar configuration of precipitation anomalies has a tendency to yield increased(decreased)precipitation in the Yangtze River basin and decreased(increased)in South and North China with a drier(wetter)spring soil condition in the ICP.The analyses show that ENSO exerts a powerful control on the East Asian circulation system in the ENSO-decaying summer.In the case of ENSO forcing,the seasonal predictability of the ICP spring SM for eastern China summer precipitation is suppressed.However,in the absence of the influence of ENSO sea surface temperature anomalies from the preceding winter,the SM anomalies over the ICP induce abnormal local heating and a consequent geopotential height response owing to its sustained control on local temperature,which could,in turn,lead to abnormal eastern China summer precipitation by affecting the East Asian summer monsoon circulation.The present findings provide a better understanding of the complexity of summer climate predictability over eastern China,which is of potential significance for improving the livelihood of the people.

外固定技术在四肢骨折急救中的应用效果评价

目的:探讨四肢骨折急救中应用外固定技术的临床效果。方法:选取2020年8月至2022年12月广东祈福医院收治的112例四肢骨折患者,随机分为对照组与观察组,各56例。对照组实施内固定治疗,观察组应用外固定技术进行治疗。对比两组的临床疗效、并发症发生率、治疗满意率、生活质量。结果:观察组的治疗优良率为92.86%,较对照组(78.57%)高(P<0.05);观察组的并发症(感染、骨不连、畸形、延迟愈合)发生率为5.36%,明显低于对照组的19.64%(P<0.05);与对照组相比,观察组治疗后的各项SF-36评分、治疗总满意率均更高(P<0.05)。结论:相较于内固定治疗,在四肢骨折患者的急救中应用外固定治疗有利于骨折早期愈合,可促进肢体功能尽快恢复,降低相关并发症的发生风险,提高患者的生活质量。