Effects of pooling,specialization,and discretionary task completion on queueing performance

Pooling,unpooling/specialization,and discretionary task completion are typical operational strategies in queueing systems that arise in healthcare,call centers,and online sales.These strategies may have advantages and disadvantages in different operational environments.This paper uses the M/M/1 and M/M/2 queues to study the impact of pooling,specialization,and discretionary task completion on the average queue length.Closed-form solutions for the average M/M/2 queue length are derived.Computational examples illustrate how the average queue length changes with the strength of pooling,specialization,and discretionary task completion.Finally,several conjectures are made in the paper.

The influence of different types of satisfaction on loyalty on C2C online shopping platform:From the perspective of sellers and the platform

With the rise and development of major types of platforms,the competition for resources has become extremely fierce,and the market share of C2C platforms has been seriously threatened by the loss of resources.Therefore,building and maintaining buyers’satisfaction and loyalty to C2C platforms is critical to the survival and sustainability of C2C platforms in China.However,the current knowledge on how platform satisfaction and loyalty are constructed in the C2C e-commerce environment is incomplete.In this study,seller-based satisfaction and platform-based satisfaction are constructed separately.We further distinguish seller-based transaction satisfaction into economic and social satisfaction and explore their antecedents and consequences.To test our research hypotheses,we conduct a survey and collect data from a real online market(Taobao website).The results show that seller-based transaction satisfaction positively affects platform-based overall satisfaction and loyalty,and that perceived product quality,perceived assurance,and perceived price fairness all have a significant effect on economic satisfaction,whereas perceived relationship quality and perceived empathy significantly influence social satisfaction.These findings help us understand the literature related to customer satisfaction in the context of C2C in China and provide inspiration for online sellers and platforms.

“课程思政”融入中外合作办学院校英语课程体系初探

高等院校是中国思想政治工作的前沿阵地,广大青年学生是思想政治教育的重要受众群体。2020年,教育部出台《依法治教实施纲要(2016-2020年)》,对高校“课程思政”建设做出整体设计和全面部署中更是提出:“将思政之盐融入课程大餐”。思政教育对高校发展的辅助作用与日俱增,中外合作办学机构在实现人才培养模式与国际接轨的同时,其思政教育工作也面临更大更新的挑战。本文以中外合作办学机构为对象,分析了英语“课程思政”的开展模式,依托教学这个主渠道,只有将思政内容融进课程教学中,才能充分发挥该课程全方位育人的作用。

Inter-agency government information sharing under data-driven blockchain framework

The inter-agency government information sharing(IAGIS)plays an important role in improving service and efficiency of government agencies.Currently,there is still no effective and secure way for data-driven IAGIS to fulfill dynamic demands of information sharing between government agencies.Motivated by blockchain and data mining,a data-driven framework is proposed for IAGIS in this paper.Firstly,the blockchain is used as the core to design the whole framework for monitoring and preventing leakage and abuse of government information,in order to guarantee information security.Secondly,a four-layer architecture is designed for implementing the proposed framework.Thirdly,the classical data mining algorithms PageRank and Apriori are applied to dynamically design smart contracts for information sharing,for the purposed of flexibly adjusting the information sharing strategies according to the practical demands of government agencies for public management and public service.Finally,a case study is presented to illustrate the operation of the proposed framework.

Changes and Adjustments:The Rule of Law Response to Medical Institution Data Compliance

Medical institution data compliance is an exogenous product of the digital society,serving as a crucial means to maintain and balance the relationship between data protection and data sharing,as well as individual interests and public interests.The implementation of the Healthy China Initiative greatly benefits from its practical significance.In practice,data from medical institutions takes varied forms,including personally identifiable data collected before diagnosis and treatment,clinical medical data generated during diagnosis and treatment,medical data collected in public health management,and potential medical data generated in daily life.In the new journey of comprehensively promoting the Chinese path to modernization,it is necessary to clarify the shift from an individual-oriented to a societal-oriented value system,highlighting the reinforcing role of the trust concept.Guided by the principle of minimizing data utilization,the focus is on the new developments and changes in medical institution data in the postpandemic era.This involves a series of measures such as fulfilling the obligation of notification and consent,specifying the scope of data collection and usage,strengthening the standardized use of relevant technical measures,and establishing a sound legal responsibility system for data compliance.Through these measures,a flexible and efficient medical institution data compliance system can be constructed.

Investigating the charge transfer mechanism of ZnSe QD/COF S-scheme photocatalyst for H_(2)O_(2)production by using femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy

Hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))has gained widespread attention as a versatile oxidant and a mild disin-fectant.Here,an electrostatic self-assembly method is applied to couple ZnSe quantum dots(QDs)with a flower-like covalent organic framework(COF)to form a step-scheme(S-scheme)photocata-lyst for H_(2)O_(2)production.The as-prepared S-scheme photocatalyst exhibits a broad light absorption range with an edge at 810 nm owing to the synergistic effect between the ZnSe QDs and COF.The S-scheme charge-carrier transfer mechanism is validated by performing Fermi level calculations and in-situ X-ray photoelectron and femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopies.Photolumi-nescence,time-resolved photoluminescence,photocurrent response,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,and electron paramagnetic resonance results show that the S-scheme heterojunction not only promotes charge carrier separation but also boosts the redox ability,resulting in enhanced photocatalytic performance.Remarkably,a 10%-ZnSe QD/COF has excellent photocatalytic H_(2)O_(2)-production activity,and the optimal S-scheme composite with ethanol as the hole scavenger yields a H_(2)O_(2)-production rate of 1895 mol g^(-1)h-1.This study presents an example of a high-performance organic/inorganic S-scheme photocatalyst for H_(2)O_(2)production.

Environmental impact assessment of China’s primary aluminum based on life cycle assessment

Assessing and accounting for material consumption and environmental impact are necessary to measure environmental externalities of the aluminum industry and to construct an ecological civilization.In this research,life cycle assessment(LCA)theory was used to assess the environmental impact of primary aluminum based on the lime soda Bayer process and different power generation modes,and the sources and distributions of the four selected impact categories were analyzed.The results show that,(1)Negative environmental impact of aluminum industry generally occurs from alumina extraction,carbon anode fabrication and electrolysis,particularly electrolysis and alumina extraction.Primary energy demand(PED),water use(WU),global warming potential(GWP)and freshwater eutrophication potential(FEP)are main environmental impact categories.(2)The environmental load with thermal power is higher than that with hydropower,e.g.,for the former,the greenhouse gas emission coefficient of 21800 kg CO2 eq/t(Al)will be generated,while for the latter,4910 kg CO2 eq/t(Al)will be generated.(3)Both power mode methods reflect the energy structure,whereas direct emissions reflect the technical level,indicating the potential for large energy savings and emission reductions,and some policies,related to clean power,energy efficiency and technological progress,should be made for emission reduction.

Influence factors of international gold futures price volatility

Based on the commodity property and finance property of gold in the international gold futures market,the influence factors of international gold futures price volatility are analyzed from the perspectives of supply and demand factors,financial factors and speculation factors.The structural vector autoregression(SVAR)model is applied to investigating the direction and strength of the effects of influence factors on the international gold futures prices and the variance decomposition approach(VDA)is used to compare the contributions of these factors.The results show that the supply and demand factors still play a fundamental role in the international gold futures price volatility and the role of“China’s gold demand”is exaggerated.The financial factors and speculation factors have significant impacts on the international gold futures price volatility,which reflects that the financial property of gold becomes increasingly important.Governments and investors should pay close attention to the financial property of gold futures.

China’s Industrial Upgrading and Value Chain Restructuring Under the New Development Pattern

Global industrial chains(GICs)have become a hallmark of the world economy underpinning the global production cycle.Since the reform and opening up was introduced in 1978,China has taken an active role in global value chains(GVCs)and become the world’s factory floor.Under the external shocks to GICs,such as US trade frictions with China and the COVID-19 pandemic,China’s traditional comparative advantages in manufacturing which include its labor force and costs are waning.This has manifested in a wave of industrial relocations from China to other countries as well as China’s weakening international competitiveness.We took stock of the concepts and journey of GVCs and elaborated the intrinsic relationship between GVCs and the new development pattern of“dual circulations”.We also analyzed the trends of GVCs,the current status and problems of China’s industrial chains,and China’s market heft,complete industrial chains and the digital economy as new strengths for industrial chain upgrade.In our conclusion,this paper put forth some policy recommendations for China’s industrial chain upgrade in the context of dual circulations.

Dynamic response pattern of gold prices to economic policy uncertainty

Based on a time-varying parameter structural vector autoregression with stochastic volatility(TVP-SVAR-SV)model,the time-varying effects and country differences of economic policy uncertainty(EPU)on gold prices from August 2006 to December 2017 were examined.The results show that the effects of global economic policy uncertainty(GEPU)shock on gold prices change over time.The changes were positive during 2006-2008 and 2013-2017,while the impacts were negative during 2009-2012,implying that the efficiency of gold as a safe haven is not stable and depends on economic conditions.There are significant country differences regarding the impact of EPU on the price of gold,particularly during the international financial crisis,European debt crisis and Trump election.During the international financial crisis,EPU exerts a positive impact on gold prices in most countries.During the European debt crisis,the impact of EPU on gold prices is mainly negative in the examined countries.While during the Trump election,the impact displays positive and negative alternating in most countries.

China’s Service Sector towards 2035:Outlook,Strategic Position and Policy Advice

China is setting out on a new journey of building a modern socialist country in all respects after achieving moderate prosperity.Modern services are an important part of China’s economy,underpinning China’s development towards a great modern socialist country.Globalization,industrial development,urbanization,innovation and income growth will drive China’s service sector development.By 2035,the service sector will account for 60.98%and 59.12%of total value-added and employment,respectively,and labor productivity in the service sector will rise from 145,500 yuan/person in 2019 to 282,300 yuan/person.The Fifth Plenum of the 19th CPC Central Committee called for“basically achieving the vision of socialist modernization by 2035.”According to the CPC Central Committee’s overall arrangements for the 2035 vision,we must identify a clear strategic position and tasks for the development of modern services as a key element of the modern industrial system,enhance service sector competitiveness,and achieve service sector modernization.To achieve this strategic goal,we must promote digitalized,intelligent,platform-based,standardized,and quality-oriented service sector development.We must give play to the decisive role of the market and the macro-regulatory role of the government in spurring service innovation,industry integration and clustering,and service sector reform and openness.

Time-varying impact of political risk on copper prices

Using the International Country Risk Guide(ICRG)index to represent countries’political risk,the time-varying effect of political risk on copper prices was examined based on the time-varying parameter structural vector autoregression with stochastic volatility(TVP-SVAR-SV)model.The empirical results show that the impact of political risk on copper prices is time-varying and has tended to increase gradually in recent years.There are significant country-level differences in the impact of political risk on copper prices.Political risk has a stronger and longer-lasting impact on copper prices in exporting countries.In terms of risk sources,external and internal conflicts contribute most to international copper price fluctuations in the sample period.The impact of political risk on copper prices reaches an extreme level during the international financial crisis,the European debt crisis,and the election of Donald Trump.

Volatility-volume relationship of Chinese copper and aluminum futures market

Following Bessembinder and Seguins,trading volume is separated into expected and unexpected components.Meanwhile,realized volatility is divided into continuous and discontinuous jump components.We make the empirical research to investigate the relationship between trading volume components and various realized volatility using1min high frequency data of Shanghai copper and aluminum futures.Moreover,the asymmetry of volatility-volume relationship is investigated.The results show that there is strong positive correlation between volatility and trading volume when realized volatility and its continuous component are considered.The relationship between trading volume and discontinuous jump component is ambiguous.The expected and unexpected trading volumes have positive influence on volatility.Furthermore,the unexpected trading volume,which is caused by arrival of new information,has a larger influence on price volatility.The findings also show that an asymmetric volatility-volume relationship indeed exists,which can be interpreted by the fact that trading volume has more explanatory power in positive realized semi-variance than negative realized semi-variance.The influence of positive trading volume shock on volatility is larger than that of negative trading volume shock,which reflects strong arbitrage in Chinese copper and aluminum futures markets.

In-situ hydrothermal synthesis of Ni−MoO_(2)heterostructure on porous bulk NiMo alloy for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction

The Ni−MoO_(2) heterostructure was synthesized in suit on porous bulk NiMo alloy by a facile powder metallurgy and hydrothermal method.The results of field emission scanning electron microscopy(SEM),field emission transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)reveal that the as-prepared electrode possesses the heterostructure and a layer of Ni(OH)_(2) nanosheets is formed on the surface of Ni−MoO_(2) electrode simultaneously after hydrothermal treatment,which provides abundant interface and much active sites,as well as much active specific surface area.The results of hydrogen evolution reaction indicate that the Ni−MoO_(2) heterostructure electrode exhibits excellent catalytic performance,requiring only 41 mV overpotential to reach the current density of 10 mA/cm^(2).It also possesses a small Tafel slope of 52.7 mV/dec and long-term stability of electrolysis in alkaline medium.

Volatility forecasting in Chinese nonferrous metals futures market

This paper seeks to model and forecast the Chinese nonferrous metals futures market volatility and allows new insights into the time-varying volatility of realized volatility and leverage effects using high-frequency data.The LHAR-CJ model is extended and the empirical research on copper and aluminum futures in Shanghai Futures Exchange suggests the dynamic dependencies and time-varying volatility of realized volatility,which are captured by long memory HAR-GARCH model.Besides,the findings also show the significant weekly leverage effects in Chinese nonferrous metals futures market volatility.Finally,in-sample and out-of-sample forecasts are investigated,and the results show that the LHAR-CJ-G model,considering time-varyingvolatility of realized volatility and leverage effects,effectively improves the explanatory power as well as out-of sample predictive performance.

Prediction of metal futures price volatility and empirical analysis based on symbolic time series of high-frequency

The metal futures price fluctuation prediction model was constructed based on symbolic high-frequency time series using high-frequency data on the Shanghai Copper Futures Exchange from July 2014 to September 2018,and the sample was divided into 194 histogram time series employing symbolic time series.The next cycle was then predicted using the K-NN algorithm and exponential smoothing,respectively.The results show that the trend of the histogram of the copper futures earnings prediction is gentler than that of the actual histogram,the overall situation of the prediction results is better,and the overall fluctuation of the one-week earnings of the copper futures predicted and the actual volatility are largely the same.This shows that the results predicted by the K-NN algorithm are more accurate than those predicted by the exponential smoothing method.Based on the predicted one-week price fluctuations of copper futures,regulators and investors in China’s copper futures market can timely adjust their regulatory policies and investment strategies to control risks.

Nonlinear correlation between RMB internationalization and nonferrous metal prices

The correlation between Renminbi(RMB) internationalization and nonferrous metal prices was studied using the nonlinear Granger causality test and the dynamic conditional correlation-generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedastic(DCC-GARCH) model. The results indicate that the relationship between RMB internationalization and nonferrous metal prices reflects a complex nonlinear mechanism. There was no mutual influence between RMB internationalization and nonferrous metal prices prior to the trials of the RMB settlement in the cross-border trade in July 2009. Since then, however, a bidirectional causal relationship between RMB internationalization and the price of copper and a unidirectional causal relationship from the price of aluminum to RMB internationalization were examined. In addition, due to the impact of extreme events, such as economic and financial crises, RMB internationalization and nonferrous metal prices are not always positively correlated but are rather occasionally negatively correlated.

Data Flow&Transaction Mode Classification and An Explorative Estimation on Data Storage&Transaction Volume

The public has shown great interest in the data factor and data transactions,but the current attention is overly focused on personal behavioral data and transactions happening at Data Exchanges.To deliver a complete picture of data flaw and transaction,this paper presents a systematic overview of the flow and transaction of personal,corporate and public data on the basis of data factor classification from various perspectives.By utilizing various sources of information,this paper estimates the volume of data generation&storage and the volume&trend of data market transactions for major economies in the world with the following findings:(i)Data classification is diverse due to a broad variety of applying scenarios,and data transaction and profit distribution are complex due to heterogenous entities,ownerships,information density and other attributes of different data types.(ii)Global data transaction has presented with the characteristics of productization,servitization and platform-based mode.(iii)For major economies,there is a commonly observed disequilibrium between data generation scale and storage scale,which is particularly striking for China.(i^v)The global data market is in a nascent stage of rapid development with a transaction volume of about 100 billion US dollars,and China s data market is even more underdeveloped and only accounts for some 10%of the world total.All sectors of the society should be flly aware of the diversity and complexity of data factor classification and data transactions,as well as the arduous and long-term nature of developing and improving relevant institutional systems.Adapting to such features,efforts should be made to improve data classification,enhance computing infrastructure development,foster professional data transaction and development institutions,and perfect the data governance system.

Shibadong’s Experience in Poverty Alleviation

Shibadong Village, the birthplace of the “targeted poverty alleviation”campaign, has set a model for China’s poverty alleviation and elimination efforts. Based on data obtained from long-term field research, this paper illustrates Shibadong’s journey out of poverty by outlining its main practices of targeted poverty alleviation, and summarizing the learnings that are worth sharing. Guided by the “targeted poverty alleviation” strategy,measures were taken to unleash the endogenous development force of the village by precisely identifying targets, developing targeted rural industries, implementing specific relief plans tailored to each household, and bringing cohesion among different social forces.Thanks to these efforts, the village has undergone tremendous changes in many areas such as civility level, living conditions, industrial development, social governance, infrastructure and public services. This paper argues that Shibadong’s experience has universal applicability for poverty elimination. We believe that by building an enabling government,an effective market and an organic society, and giving full play to the synergistic effects of the three, poor villages can break out of the dilemma caused by the “triple failures” and achieve modern rural governance and development.

浅谈我国上市公司会计监管问题——以银广夏为例

近年来,上市公司会计信息舞弊案件频繁出现。造成上市公司会计舞弊的因素很多,本文从会计监管相关理论入手,分析会计监管体系与会计舞弊的关系,认为会计内部监管失衡源于公司治理结构失效是会计舞弊的内部动力,外部监管失效是会计舞弊的前提和助推器。通过对银广夏会计舞弊案件的分析揭示会计监管出现的问题,提出了进一步完善会计监管体制的建议和措施。