Wage and Income Distribution in China:Review and Outlook

Under the planned economy,China’s distribution relations were relations among the state,state-run enterprises,employees and the collective economy;relations between heavy industry and light industry;and relations between cities and the countryside.After China’s transition to a market-oriented economy,the distribution relations among the state,state-run enterprises and employees evolved into distribution relations between the government,enterprises and households;the distribution relations between heavy industry and light industry evolved into distribution relations between the state sector and the private sector;and the distribution relations between cities and the countryside evolved into distribution relations between original urban dwellers and migrant populations.Wage system reform was carried out throughout the transition of these three types of distribution relations.Income distribution contradictions in China,which are a problem left over from history and intrinsic to the market-based economy,eased over the years.Some people and regions achieved prosperity,and urban-rural and interregional income gaps narrowed.However,widening household income gaps pose barriers to China’s economic sustainability and vision of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.Mechanisms to promote common prosperity are incomplete and inadequate.The disequilibrium of functional distribution is an important cause of these income inequalities.The overall wage level of ordinary workers is low.In the future,China'should give full play to the decisive role of the market in primary distribution to ensure proper return to all types of factors,and enhance redistribution to achieve common prosperity for all its people.

Economic and Social Impact of China’s Aging Population and Public Policy Response

In mapping out China’s future development,policymakers must bear in mind the challenges from a falling birthrate and aging society.Based on previous demographic censuses and original data of large sample surveys,this study employed an indirect method for estimating China’s total fertility rate(TFR)and a demographic forecast method based on the parity progression ratio(PPR).Our analysis details the socioeconomic implications behind demographic change,and we have proposed public policy countermeasures.The findings include:(i)China’s ultra-low fertility rate over the past three decades has led to an increasingly aging society,and China’s future fertility rate is likely to continue to decrease.(ii)Around 2024,China’s total population is expected to peak at 1.407 billion,followed by chronic negative population growth at an accelerating pace.By 2050,China’s newborn population will shrink to 8.73 million and the aging population will increase to roughly 30%of the total population resulting in the total dependency ratio above 50%.(iii)With a falling birthrate and aging society,China will face unprecedented challenges with respect to education,employment,and pension.(iv)As a public policy response,China should remove birth control altogether.If the fertility rate continues to stall,policymakers should consider issuing policies to encourage birth and create a birth-friendly society for all birth cycles.

日本核危机重新引发关于环境、健康和全球能源利用的争论

从结构上来讲,坐落在海边、包括6个核能反应堆的福岛第一核电站在2011年3月11日袭击日本本州东北海岸的破坏性地震中得以幸存,但是随后海啸产生的14米高海浪导致其真正的毁灭。海浪冲走了为备用发电机准备的柴油,并且导致为保持反应堆温度提供冷却水的水泵断电。结果，6个核反应堆中的3个核反应堆和2个核废料池至少部分熔化。

Rhizoma polygonati from Mount Tai:nutritional value and usefulness as a traditional Chinese medicine,source of herbzyme,and potential remediating agent for COVID-19 and chronic and hidden hunger

Recently,traditional Chinese medicine-based treatment has succeeded in fighting coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),and Rhizoma polygonati(Huangjing)has been one of the recommended components.Its processed products play antidiabetic,antiviral,antitumor,antioxidation,antifatigue,antiaging,and immune enhancement roles.The climate in Mount Tai is mild,and the dense forest is suitable for the growth of Rhizome polygonati,which has gradually evolved into a unique specie.Considering the important medicinal value and pleasant taste of Mount Tai-Rhizoma polygonati,various healthy and functional food products,controlled by quality markers with anti-COVID-19 potential,as well as emergency foods can be developed.The study aimed to review current evidence on the nutritional value of Rhizoma polygonati from Mount Tai and its usefulness as a traditional Chinese medicine,source of herbzyme,and potential remediating agent for COVID-19 and food shortage.Most recent findings regarding herbal nanomedicine have revealed that nanoscale chemical compounds are potentially efficient in drug delivery or nanozyme catalysis upon bioprocessing.Nanoflower structure is found in processed Rhizoma polygonati by self-assembly and has wide application in enzymatic events,particularly nanoscale herbzyme.The novel findings regarding Mount Tai-Rhizoma polygonati could enhance its novel applications in chronic and hidden hunger,clinical nanomedicine,and as an anti-COVID-19 agent.

2010年——十大生命科学创新产品

这些创新产品为生命科学界的人们所疯狂追捧。 随着全球经济的持续低迷，从北京到波士顿，都盛行着这样的信念：创新可以给我们带来拯救。如果说，开发有趣的新技术和产品确实是经济健康运行的血液的话，那么生命科学产业就是创新搏动的心脏了。

2011年学术界最佳雇主

对于许多研究人员来说，既要爱他们所从事的工作，还要爱他们工作的地方。对于研究机构来说，具备一个能激发工作热情的环境，以及充满趣味的、宽松的气氛来减轻科学研究的压力，是无与伦比的优势，这样的机构在我们今年的排名中都居于前列。